Effects of EM Bacteria on Tomato Yield and Soil Bacterial Community

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0706

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 2477-2490.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0706

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of EM Bacteria on Tomato Yield and Soil Bacterial Community

CHEN Shuting¹, WU Mumian¹^,², LI Tao¹, LI Zhenxing¹, MAI Peiting¹, SUN Baojuan¹, HAO Yanwei², GONG Chao¹()

¹ Institute of Vegetable Research， Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of New Vegetable Technology Research，Guangdong Province， Guangzhou 510640， China
² College of Horticulture， South China Agricultural University， Guangzhou 510642， China

Received:2025-05-10 Revised:2025-07-19 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-09-24

Abstract

Abstract:

‘Jinxing 1371’and‘Jinfen 1515’tomatoes were used to investigate the mechanism of effective microorganisms（EM）application in improving tomato yield by measuring soil physical and chemical properties and bacterial community structure and composition. The results showed that the total yield，single fruit weight，and single plant yield of tomato Jinfen 1515 treated with EM increased by 2.90 fold，0.55 fold，and 2.90 fold，respectively. Similarly，the yield index of Jinxing 1371 increased by 2.88 fold，0.63 fold，and 2.90 fold，respectively. The application of EM significantly ameliorated the soil physicochemical properties，with the contents of ammonium nitrogen and available potassium increased significantly in the EM-treated soils. The ammonium nitrogen and available potassium in the rhizosphere soils of Jinfen 1515 treated with EM increased by 68.90% and 78.30%，respectively，while they increased by 36.80% and 15.00% in Jinxing 1371. Furthermore，applying EM significantly changed the soil bacterial community structure and composition，increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria，Sphingomonadales，and Sphingomonas by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial communities at the genus level whose relative abundance is regulated by EM. In addition，the relative abundance of Sphingomonas in two tomato varieties was significantly higher in groups with EM applicance than those without. Correlation analysis further showed that the relative abundance of Sphingomonas is significantly positively correlated with tomato yield. In summary，EM application significantly increased tomato yield by improving soil fertility and recruiting beneficial bacterial communities in the tomato rhizosphere.

Key words: tomato, effective microorganisms, yield, bacterial community, soil physicochemical properties

CHEN Shuting, WU Mumian, LI Tao, LI Zhenxing, MAI Peiting, SUN Baojuan, HAO Yanwei, GONG Chao. Effects of EM Bacteria on Tomato Yield and Soil Bacterial Community[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(9): 2477-2490.

Figures/Tables 8

References 50

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品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	株数 Number of plants	果实个数 Number of fruits	总产量/kg Total output	单果质量/kg Single fruit weight	单株产量/kg Yield per plant
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	40.00	171.33	19.00	0.11	0.47
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	41.00	440.00	75.52	0.17	1.84
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	29.00	227.00	25.93	0.11	0.89
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	32.00	562.67	100.64	0.18	3.14

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	株数 Number of plants	果实个数 Number of fruits	总产量/kg Total output	单果质量/kg Single fruit weight	单株产量/kg Yield per plant
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	40.00	171.33	19.00	0.11	0.47
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	41.00	440.00	75.52	0.17	1.84
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	29.00	227.00	25.93	0.11	0.89
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	32.00	562.67	100.64	0.18	3.14

处理 Treatment		有机质/% Organic matter	酸碱度 pH	碱解氮/（mg · kg^-1）Alkali-hydrolyzable N	铵态氮/（mg · kg^-1） Ammonium nitrogen	硝态氮/（mg · kg^-1） Nitrate nitrogen
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	3.73 ± 0.03 b	5.12 ± 0.02 d	93.92 ± 0.30 b	49.45 ± 0.08 b	69.82 ± 0.75 b
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	4.18 ± 0.03 a	5.15 ± 0.02 d	101.89 ± 0.00 a	83.54 ± 0.11 a	83.72 ± 0.29 a
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	3.56 ± 0.02 c	5.55 ± 0.01 c	71.75 ± 0.49 d	20.50 ± 0.80 d	34.07 ± 0.50 d
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	4.11 ± 0.02 a	5.58 ± 0.01 c	82.48 ± 0.45 c	36.56 ± 0.53 c	45.75 ± 0.22 c
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	无EM No EM	3.07 ± 0.04 d	6.20 ± 0.01 a	52.33 ± 0.50 e	18.86 ± 0.07 e	8.15 ± 0.27 e
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	EM	3.74 ± 0.03 b	6.03 ± 0.01 b	64.90 ± 0.63 f	19.46 ± 0.05 e	15.05 ± 0.13 f
处理 Treatment		有效磷/（mg · kg^-1） Available P	速效钾/（mg · kg^-1） Available K	全氮/（g · kg^-1） Total nitrogen	全磷/（g · kg^-1） Total phosphorus	全钾/（g · kg^-1） Total potassium
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	145.82 ± 2.02 a	659.20 ± 1.90 b	0.96 ± 0.00 c	1.48 ± 0.01 a	8.73 ± 0.44 a
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	142.68 ± 1.50 ab	901.92 ± 9.54 a	1.09 ± 0.01 a	1.36 ± 0.02 b	8.87 ± 0.41 a
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	126.98 ± 0.25 de	496.30 ± 0.29 d	0.91 ± 0.00 d	1.33 ± 0.02 bc	8.63 ± 0.22 a
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	133.14 ± 1.75 cd	570.87 ± 3.54 c	1.07 ± 0.02 a	1.30 ± 0.01 c	8.16 ± 0.24 a
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	无EM No EM	125.60 ± 1.99 e	265.22 ± 1.16 e	0.76 ± 0.00 e	1.21 ± 0.02 d	8.39 ± 0.04 a
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	EM	135.47 ± 2.49 bc	254.61 ± 1.17 e	1.01 ± 0.00 b	1.51 ± 0.01 a	8.05 ± 0.33 a

处理 Treatment		有机质/% Organic matter	酸碱度 pH	碱解氮/（mg · kg^-1）Alkali-hydrolyzable N	铵态氮/（mg · kg^-1） Ammonium nitrogen	硝态氮/（mg · kg^-1） Nitrate nitrogen
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	3.73 ± 0.03 b	5.12 ± 0.02 d	93.92 ± 0.30 b	49.45 ± 0.08 b	69.82 ± 0.75 b
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	4.18 ± 0.03 a	5.15 ± 0.02 d	101.89 ± 0.00 a	83.54 ± 0.11 a	83.72 ± 0.29 a
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	3.56 ± 0.02 c	5.55 ± 0.01 c	71.75 ± 0.49 d	20.50 ± 0.80 d	34.07 ± 0.50 d
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	4.11 ± 0.02 a	5.58 ± 0.01 c	82.48 ± 0.45 c	36.56 ± 0.53 c	45.75 ± 0.22 c
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	无EM No EM	3.07 ± 0.04 d	6.20 ± 0.01 a	52.33 ± 0.50 e	18.86 ± 0.07 e	8.15 ± 0.27 e
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	EM	3.74 ± 0.03 b	6.03 ± 0.01 b	64.90 ± 0.63 f	19.46 ± 0.05 e	15.05 ± 0.13 f
处理 Treatment		有效磷/（mg · kg^-1） Available P	速效钾/（mg · kg^-1） Available K	全氮/（g · kg^-1） Total nitrogen	全磷/（g · kg^-1） Total phosphorus	全钾/（g · kg^-1） Total potassium
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	145.82 ± 2.02 a	659.20 ± 1.90 b	0.96 ± 0.00 c	1.48 ± 0.01 a	8.73 ± 0.44 a
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	142.68 ± 1.50 ab	901.92 ± 9.54 a	1.09 ± 0.01 a	1.36 ± 0.02 b	8.87 ± 0.41 a
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	126.98 ± 0.25 de	496.30 ± 0.29 d	0.91 ± 0.00 d	1.33 ± 0.02 bc	8.63 ± 0.22 a
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	133.14 ± 1.75 cd	570.87 ± 3.54 c	1.07 ± 0.02 a	1.30 ± 0.01 c	8.16 ± 0.24 a
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	无EM No EM	125.60 ± 1.99 e	265.22 ± 1.16 e	0.76 ± 0.00 e	1.21 ± 0.02 d	8.39 ± 0.04 a
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	EM	135.47 ± 2.49 bc	254.61 ± 1.17 e	1.01 ± 0.00 b	1.51 ± 0.01 a	8.05 ± 0.33 a

处理 Treatment		香农指数 Shannon index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	10.35 ± 0.01 B	5 058.19 ± 76.06 A
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	10.33 ± 0.03 B	5 161.50 ± 77.39 A
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	10.43 ± 0.03 A	5 184.71 ± 89.42 A
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	10.36 ± 0.01 B	5 237.02 ± 45.82 A
对照（原始土壤） Control（Bulk soil）	无EM No EM	10.49 ± 0.02 A	5 233.48 ± 64.38 A
对照（原始土壤） Control（Bulk soil）	EM	10.43 ± 0.01 A	5 198.71 ± 150.32 A

Effects of EM Bacteria on Tomato Yield and Soil Bacterial Community

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