Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding in Brassica juncea

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0083

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 1189-1212.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0083

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Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding in Brassica juncea

SHA Tongyun¹, LI Zhangping¹, HU Zhongyuan¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Mingfang¹^,²^,³, YANG Jinghua¹^,²^,³^,^*()

¹ Institute of Vegetable Science，College of Agriculture and Biotechnology，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058，China
² Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Hangzhou 310058，China
³ Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Quality Breeding，Hangzhou 310021，China

Received:2025-01-23 Revised:2025-03-25 Online:2025-05-23 Published:2025-05-21
Contact: YANG Jinghua

Abstract

Abstract:

Brassica juncea，an important allopolyploid of the U's triangle model of Brassicaceae，exhibits abundant genetic variation，with vegetable-used B. juncea displaying characteristics of fresh and processing mixed main vegetables in China. This article provided a comprehensive review of the origin，domestication，genome resources and the mechanism of subgenome asymmetric evolution in allopolyploid B. juncea，which contributes to the phenotypic variations. It also provided an update on functional gene mining and molecular breeding for important traits，such as shoot branching，tumida stem formation，disease resistance，quality，and cytoplasmic male sterility. Finally，new considerations and prospects are proposed for the exploration of complex traits using big data analytics and the establishment of high-throughput molecular design breeding systems in B. juncea.

Key words: Brassica juncea, origin and domestication, functional genomics, molecular breeding, review

SHA Tongyun, LI Zhangping, HU Zhongyuan, ZHANG Mingfang, YANG Jinghua. Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding in Brassica juncea[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(5): 1189-1212.

Figures/Tables 5

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已发表基因组 Published genome	Contig数 Contig number	Contig长度/Mb Contig length	Contig N50长度/Mb Contig N50	基因数 Gene number	参考文献 Reference
T84-66（茎用芥菜V1.0） T84-66（Stem-type V1.0）	32 581	955.0	0.06	80 050	Yang et al.,2016
T84-66（茎用芥菜V2.0） T84-66（Stem-type V2.0）	1 151	904.8	3.33	100 829	Yang et al.,2021
AU213（油用芥菜Oil-use）	1 053	894.6	4.40	100 048	Yang et al.,2021
Varuna（油用芥菜Oil-use）	1 253	869.5	5.73	101 959	Paritosh et al.,2021
SY（油用芥菜Oil-use）	2 529	933.5	1.92	92 878	Kang et al.,2021
PM（叶用芥菜Leaf-type）	18	981.8	58.47	84 664	Qian et al.,2025

已发表基因组 Published genome	Contig数 Contig number	Contig长度/Mb Contig length	Contig N50长度/Mb Contig N50	基因数 Gene number	参考文献 Reference
T84-66（茎用芥菜V1.0） T84-66（Stem-type V1.0）	32 581	955.0	0.06	80 050	Yang et al.,2016
T84-66（茎用芥菜V2.0） T84-66（Stem-type V2.0）	1 151	904.8	3.33	100 829	Yang et al.,2021
AU213（油用芥菜Oil-use）	1 053	894.6	4.40	100 048	Yang et al.,2021
Varuna（油用芥菜Oil-use）	1 253	869.5	5.73	101 959	Paritosh et al.,2021
SY（油用芥菜Oil-use）	2 529	933.5	1.92	92 878	Kang et al.,2021
PM（叶用芥菜Leaf-type）	18	981.8	58.47	84 664	Qian et al.,2025

性状 Trait	QTL	功能/候选基因 Functional/candidate gene	参考文献 Reference
分枝性 Branching		PAT1（BjuB019592）	Muntha et al.,2019
瘤状茎形成 Swollen stem formation		CK2B1（BjuA024891）	Zhang et al.,2020
TuMV抗性 TuMV resistance	retr03	eIF2Bβ（BjuA006209）	Shopan et al.,2017
TuMV抗性 TuMV resistance	retr04，retr05，retr06		Bramham et al.,2022
白锈病抗性 White rust resistance	AcB1-A4.1，AcB1-A5.1		Panjabi-Massand et al.,2010
白锈病抗性 White rust resistance	AcB1-A5.1	BjuWRR1	Arora et al.,2019
硫代葡萄糖苷积累 Glucosinolate accumulation		BjMYB28-1（JQ666166），BjMYB28-2（JQ666167），BjMYB28-3（JQ666168），BjMYB28-4（JQ666169）	Augustine et al.,2013a,2013b
		BjMAM1-4（BjuA042223），BjMAM1-5（BjuA045597），BjMAM1-6（BjuB037742）	Li et al.,2020
		MYB28-A02（BjuVA02G46870），MYB28-A09（BjuVA09G07110）	李樟萍,2022
		GTR2A1，GTR2A2（BjuA008585），GTR2B1（BjuB020498），GTR2B2	Nour-Eldin et al.,2017
		BjuGTR1-A1（BjuA022496），BjuGTR1-A2（BjuA022755），BjuGTR2-A2（BjuA008585）	Deepti et al.,2021
hau CMS		不育相关ORF：ORF288 CMS-associated ORF：ORF288	景兵,2012
hau CMS		育性恢复基因：Rfh Fertility restorer gene：Rfh	Wang et al.,2021b
茎用芥菜CMS Stem mustard CMS		ORF220	杨景华,2006
茎用芥菜CMS Stem mustard CMS		MSH1（BjuVA07G08100）	Zhao et al.,2021
莫利CMS Moricandia arvevsis CMS		ORF108	Kumar et al.,2012
叶片紫色 Purple leaf	BjPur	BjPur（BjuB010898）	Heng et al.,2020a
叶缘缺刻 Lobed leaf	BjRCO	BjRCO（BjuA040054）	Heng et al.,2020b
叶缘缺刻 Lobed leaf		BjLMI1（BjuA040054）	Fu et al.,2022
叶表皮毛 Leaf trichome		BjPHVa（BjuVA09G36150）	Zhou et al.,2024
叶表皮毛 Leaf trichome		BjA06.GL1（BjuLA06G007240），BjB02.GL1（BjuLB02G052550）	Heng et al.,2024
角果多心皮 Multi-loculus silique	mc1	BjMc1	Xu et al.,2014,2017
	mc2	BjA7.CLV1（BjuA029486）	Wang et al.,2021a
	Bjln1	BjuA07.CLV1	Xiao et al.,2018
	Bjln2	BjuB07.CLV1	Chen et al.,2018
黄籽 Yellow seed		TT8.A09，TT8.B08	Qian et al.,2025
黄籽 Yellow seed		BjF3H	王阳,2018

性状 Trait	QTL	功能/候选基因 Functional/candidate gene	参考文献 Reference
分枝性 Branching		PAT1（BjuB019592）	Muntha et al.,2019
瘤状茎形成 Swollen stem formation		CK2B1（BjuA024891）	Zhang et al.,2020
TuMV抗性 TuMV resistance	retr03	eIF2Bβ（BjuA006209）	Shopan et al.,2017
TuMV抗性 TuMV resistance	retr04，retr05，retr06		Bramham et al.,2022
白锈病抗性 White rust resistance	AcB1-A4.1，AcB1-A5.1		Panjabi-Massand et al.,2010
白锈病抗性 White rust resistance	AcB1-A5.1	BjuWRR1	Arora et al.,2019
硫代葡萄糖苷积累 Glucosinolate accumulation		BjMYB28-1（JQ666166），BjMYB28-2（JQ666167），BjMYB28-3（JQ666168），BjMYB28-4（JQ666169）	Augustine et al.,2013a,2013b
		BjMAM1-4（BjuA042223），BjMAM1-5（BjuA045597），BjMAM1-6（BjuB037742）	Li et al.,2020
		MYB28-A02（BjuVA02G46870），MYB28-A09（BjuVA09G07110）	李樟萍,2022
		GTR2A1，GTR2A2（BjuA008585），GTR2B1（BjuB020498），GTR2B2	Nour-Eldin et al.,2017
		BjuGTR1-A1（BjuA022496），BjuGTR1-A2（BjuA022755），BjuGTR2-A2（BjuA008585）	Deepti et al.,2021
hau CMS		不育相关ORF：ORF288 CMS-associated ORF：ORF288	景兵,2012
hau CMS		育性恢复基因：Rfh Fertility restorer gene：Rfh	Wang et al.,2021b
茎用芥菜CMS Stem mustard CMS		ORF220	杨景华,2006
茎用芥菜CMS Stem mustard CMS		MSH1（BjuVA07G08100）	Zhao et al.,2021
莫利CMS Moricandia arvevsis CMS		ORF108	Kumar et al.,2012
叶片紫色 Purple leaf	BjPur	BjPur（BjuB010898）	Heng et al.,2020a
叶缘缺刻 Lobed leaf	BjRCO	BjRCO（BjuA040054）	Heng et al.,2020b
叶缘缺刻 Lobed leaf		BjLMI1（BjuA040054）	Fu et al.,2022
叶表皮毛 Leaf trichome		BjPHVa（BjuVA09G36150）	Zhou et al.,2024
叶表皮毛 Leaf trichome		BjA06.GL1（BjuLA06G007240），BjB02.GL1（BjuLB02G052550）	Heng et al.,2024
角果多心皮 Multi-loculus silique	mc1	BjMc1	Xu et al.,2014,2017
	mc2	BjA7.CLV1（BjuA029486）	Wang et al.,2021a
	Bjln1	BjuA07.CLV1	Xiao et al.,2018
	Bjln2	BjuB07.CLV1	Chen et al.,2018
黄籽 Yellow seed		TT8.A09，TT8.B08	Qian et al.,2025
黄籽 Yellow seed		BjF3H	王阳,2018

Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding in Brassica juncea

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