Effects of Gibberellin on the Growth and Development of Forsythia suspensa Heterostyly

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0893

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 3016-3030.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0893

• Cultivation · Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Gibberellin on the Growth and Development of Forsythia suspensa Heterostyly

FAN Amei¹, JIN Yaxin¹, HE Longjiao¹, LI Qi¹, ZHANG Yanqing¹, SHAO Qi¹, SONG Yun¹, NIU Yanbing¹, and QIAO Yonggang¹^,²^,^*()

¹ College of Life Sciences， Shanxi Agricultural University，Taigu， Shanxi 030801， China
² Shanxi Key Lab. for Modernization of TCVM， Taigu， Shanxi 030801， China

Received:2025-03-03 Revised:2025-08-18 Online:2025-11-27 Published:2025-11-27
Contact: and QIAO Yonggang

Abstract

Abstract:

The injection of gibberellin（GA）and the gibberellin synthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol（PAC）into flower buds of Forsythia suspensa found that the application of GA₃ significantly lengthens the style and filament，while the application of 100 μmol · L^-1 PAC significantly shortens the style and filament. The GA₁ and GA₄ levels in the long morphs F. suspensa were significantly higher than those in the short morphs F. suspensa，indicating that GA is involved in the development of F. suspensa heterostyly. After transcriptome sequencing of F. suspensa styles，16 differentially expressed genes related to GA were screened. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the gibberellin biosynthesis genes CPS，KS，GA3ox，and their degradation gene GA2ox are key genes influencing the accumulation and distribution of active GA in F. suspensa styles. The expression of the GA receptor GID1 encoding gene EVM0006917 is negatively regulated by GA. The differential expression of GA-related genes in F. suspensa leads to variations in GAconcentration in the style，further regulating the length of the style.

Key words: Forsythia suspensa, heterostyly, gibberellin, transcriptome sequencing, differentially expressed gene

FAN Amei, JIN Yaxin, HE Longjiao, LI Qi, ZHANG Yanqing, SHAO Qi, SONG Yun, NIU Yanbing, and QIAO Yonggang. Effects of Gibberellin on the Growth and Development of Forsythia suspensa Heterostyly[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(11): 3016-3030.

Figures/Tables 11

References 26

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用途 Purpose	正向引物 Forward primer	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence	反向引物 Reverse primer	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence
内参基因 Internal reference gene	HIS-F	ACAAAGGCGGCGAGAAA	HIS-R	CTCTGTGCTCTTCTGGTACTTC
GA合成通路 GA synthetic pathway	EVM0024583-F EVM0027506-F EVM0030789-F EVM0010307-F	CCAGGAACAACATCAGAGAGAA TGAAGTCACTAGCCTACCAAATC CTGTGCCAGAGAACTGAATTTG AGATAGCTCCATTGCCTTCAC	EVM0024583-R EVM0027506-R EVM0030789-R EVM0010307-R	GCCAAGAAATATGCGAGAAGAAG CGGGCAACAGGGATAAGAAT GCTAGGTTTCGGTTTCCCTTA TTTCTCAAACCGACCCAATCT
GA信号转导通路 GA signal transduction pathway	EVM0012399-F EVM0014378-F EVM0026148-F EVM0026697-F EVM0030590-F EVM0031238-F EVM0015149-F EVM0024372-F EVM0004636-F EVM0011029-F EVM0006917-F EVM0018971-F	GGAAGACAAGCAGCGGATTA GAACTTGAGAGGGCACTTCTT GAAGTGTAGGGAGCCAGAAAG TTGGCCCGGATTGCATAA GGTGAGATCAGGTTACCACAAA CTGTTTATGGGCTGGATGACT GAGAGTGCTCAAGAAGCATAGT CCGTGAGGCTCTGTTTCATTA GTGAGTGGGCTCAGGTAATG TTCCAGCAACCTGTATCTTCC CTCTCATGGCTGGTGGTAATG CACTCATTCCTCGGCCAATA	EVM0012399-R EVM0014378-R EVM0026148-R EVM0026697-R EVM0030590-R EVM0031238-R EVM0015149-R EVM0024372-R EVM0004636-R EVM0011029-R EVM0006917-R EVM0018971-R	CGGTATCCTCACACGCTATTATG GTCGGACCATTCACCATCTATT CACCATTTGCCGCCATATAAC GAAAGGGACAGAACTCGAAGAA TTCCAACAAGACAGGGCATAG CTCCTCCATTGCCACTAGATTT GTTTCCTCTCTCTCTCCTCTCA ATCGCTTCCCGTCCAAATAC GCATCACCCAACCCTGAATA CCTCTGTCATGGCGAGATTTAT CGGACGACGAAGCATGTTATAG GAGCGTCGGTAATTCACAGATA

用途 Purpose	正向引物 Forward primer	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence	反向引物 Reverse primer	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence
内参基因 Internal reference gene	HIS-F	ACAAAGGCGGCGAGAAA	HIS-R	CTCTGTGCTCTTCTGGTACTTC
GA合成通路 GA synthetic pathway	EVM0024583-F EVM0027506-F EVM0030789-F EVM0010307-F	CCAGGAACAACATCAGAGAGAA TGAAGTCACTAGCCTACCAAATC CTGTGCCAGAGAACTGAATTTG AGATAGCTCCATTGCCTTCAC	EVM0024583-R EVM0027506-R EVM0030789-R EVM0010307-R	GCCAAGAAATATGCGAGAAGAAG CGGGCAACAGGGATAAGAAT GCTAGGTTTCGGTTTCCCTTA TTTCTCAAACCGACCCAATCT
GA信号转导通路 GA signal transduction pathway	EVM0012399-F EVM0014378-F EVM0026148-F EVM0026697-F EVM0030590-F EVM0031238-F EVM0015149-F EVM0024372-F EVM0004636-F EVM0011029-F EVM0006917-F EVM0018971-F	GGAAGACAAGCAGCGGATTA GAACTTGAGAGGGCACTTCTT GAAGTGTAGGGAGCCAGAAAG TTGGCCCGGATTGCATAA GGTGAGATCAGGTTACCACAAA CTGTTTATGGGCTGGATGACT GAGAGTGCTCAAGAAGCATAGT CCGTGAGGCTCTGTTTCATTA GTGAGTGGGCTCAGGTAATG TTCCAGCAACCTGTATCTTCC CTCTCATGGCTGGTGGTAATG CACTCATTCCTCGGCCAATA	EVM0012399-R EVM0014378-R EVM0026148-R EVM0026697-R EVM0030590-R EVM0031238-R EVM0015149-R EVM0024372-R EVM0004636-R EVM0011029-R EVM0006917-R EVM0018971-R	CGGTATCCTCACACGCTATTATG GTCGGACCATTCACCATCTATT CACCATTTGCCGCCATATAAC GAAAGGGACAGAACTCGAAGAA TTCCAACAAGACAGGGCATAG CTCCTCCATTGCCACTAGATTT GTTTCCTCTCTCTCTCCTCTCA ATCGCTTCCCGTCCAAATAC GCATCACCCAACCCTGAATA CCTCTGTCATGGCGAGATTTAT CGGACGACGAAGCATGTTATAG GAGCGTCGGTAATTCACAGATA

Effects of Gibberellin on the Growth and Development of Forsythia suspensa Heterostyly

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