Advances in Genetic Resources and Breeding Research of Cymbidium

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0943

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (12): 2722-2742.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0943

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Advances in Genetic Resources and Breeding Research of Cymbidium

XU Wan¹, LIN Yajun², ZHAO Zhuang², ZHOU Zhuang¹^,^*()

¹Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops，Wenzhou，Zhejiang 325005，China
²Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization，Fuzhou Agriculture and Forestry University，College of Arts College of Landscape Articulture， Fuzhou 350002，China

Received:2021-12-22 Revised:2022-08-01 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2023-01-02
Contact: ZHOU Zhuang E-mail:zhuangchow@126.com

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper reviews the achievements of Cymbidium germplasm resources，breeding and the molecular research of main ornamental traits. Germplasm resources are the basis for the breeding of Cymbidium. China is the distribution center of this genus with 57 species out of 83 species in the world，and have been formed a large number of traditional varieties which domesticated since 2 500 years ago. To date，the breeding method is still focused on traditional hybridization. There are more than 17 000 Cymbidium hybrids registered on RHS，and 43 new Cymbidium cultivars authorized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China. More importantly，Genetic engineering breeding will be the key direction of Cymbidium breeding in the future. A batch of structural genes and transcription factors involved in the main ornamental traits have been unearthed through transcriptome and genome and some of them have been functionally verified，which layed the foundation for the transformation of Cymbidium from traditional breeding to molecular breeding.

Key words: Cymbidium, germplasm resources, breeding approach, character improvement

CLC Number:

S682.31

XU Wan, LIN Yajun, ZHAO Zhuang, ZHOU Zhuang. Advances in Genetic Resources and Breeding Research of Cymbidium[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(12): 2722-2742.

Figures/Tables 4

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编号No.	学名 Accepted name	参考 Reference	作为母本 Seed parent	作为父本 Pollen parent	总数 Total
1	C. acuminatum	WCSP	0	0	0
2	C. aliciae	WCSP	0	0	0
3	C. aloifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	9	23	32
4	C. atrolabium	WCSP	0	0	0
5	C. atropurpureum^a	FOC & WCSP	2	5	7
6	C. banaense	WCSP	0	0	0
7	C. baoshanense^a	FOC & WCSP	1	0	1
8	C. bicolor	WCSP	4	9	13
9	C. bicolor subsp. bicolor	WCSP	/	/	/
10	C. bicolor subsp. pubescens	WCSP	/	/	/
11	C. biflorens^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
12	C. borneense	WCSP	0	0	0
13	C. brevifolium^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
14	C. canaliculatum	WCSP	9	66	75
15	C. changningense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	2	0	2
16	C. chloranthum	WCSP	3	4	7
17	C. cochleare^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	1	1
18	C. codonanthum^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
19	C. concinnum^a	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
20	C. crassifolium^a	WCSP	1	1	2
21	C. cyperifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	1	3	4
22	C. cyperifolium subsp. cyperifolium^a	WCSP	/	/	/
23	C. cyperifolium subsp. indochinense^a	WCSP	/	/	/
24	C. cyperifolium var. szechuanicum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	/	/	/
25	C. daweishanense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
26	C. dayanum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	6	32	38
27	C. dayanum var. angustifolium	WCSP	/	/	/
28	C. dayanum var. dayanum^a	WCSP	/	/	/
29	C. defoliatum^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	0	0
30	C. devonianum^a	FOC & WCSP	24	204	228
31	C. dianlan^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
32	C. eburneum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	33	33	66
33	C. elegans^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	14	13	27
34	C. elegans var. elegans^a	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
35	C. elegans var. lushuiense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
36	C. elongatum	WCSP	0	0	0
37	C. ensifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	51	32	83
38	C. erythraeum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	26	26	52
39	C. erythraeum var. erythraeum^a	WCSP	/	/	/
40	C. erythraeum var. falvum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
41	C. erythrostylum	WCSP	44	53	97
42	C. faberi^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	8	4	12
43	C. finlaysonianum^a	WCSP	6	16	22
44	C. floribundum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	172	115	287
45	C. formosanum^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
46	C. gaoligongense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
47	C. goeringii^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	67	27	94
48	C. haematodes^a	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
49	C. hartinahianum	WCSP	0	0	0
50	C. hookerianum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	20	36	56
编号No.	学名 Accepted name	参考 Reference	作为母本 Seed parent	作为父本 Pollen parent	总数 Total
51	C. induratifolium	WCSP	0	0	0
52	C. insigne^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	62	70	132
53	C. iridioides^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	18	15	33
54	C. jiangchengense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
55	C. kanran^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	12	10	22
56	C. lancifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	9	7	16
57	C. lii^a,b	WCSP	7	37	44
58	C. longipes	WCSP	0	0	0
59	C. lowianum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	94	79	173
60	C. lowianum var. ailaoense^a,b	WCSP	/	/	/
61	C. lowianum var. kalawense^a	WCSP	/	/	/
62	C. lowianum var. lowianum^a	WCSP	/	/	/
63	C. macrorhizon^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	0	0
64	C. madidum	WCSP	41	44	85
65	C. maguanense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	2	0	2
66	C. mastersii^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	18	36	54
67	C. micranthum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
68	C. munronianum	WCSP	4	3	7
69	C. nanulum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	2	0	2
70	C. omeiense^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	0	0
71	C. parishii	WCSP	31	22	53
72	C. puerense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
73	C. qiubeiense^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	2	4	6
74	C. rectum	WCSP	1	3	4
75	C. recurvatum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
76	C. repens	WCSP	0	0	0
77	C. roseum	WCSP	1	3	4
78	C. sanderae	WCSP	36	44	80
79	C. schroederi^a	FOC & WCSP	3	7	10
80	C. seidenfadenii	WCSP	4	11	15
81	C. serratum^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	3	3
82	C. shidianense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
83	C. sichuanicum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
84	C. sigmoideum	WCSP	0	0	0
85	C. sinense^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	78	48	126
86	C. suave	WCSP	7	33	40
87	C. suavissimum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	4	2	6
88	C. tamphianum	WCSP	0	0	0
89	C. teretipetiolatum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
90	C. tigrinum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	16	37	53
91	C. tortisepalum^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	12	4	16
92	C. tortisepalum var. longibracteatum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
93	C. tortisepalum var. tortisepalum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
94	C. tracyanum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	37	96	133
95	C. viride	WCSP	0	0	0
96	C. wadae	WCSP	9	2	11
97	C. wenshanense^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	1	4	5
98	C. whiteae	WCSP	0	0	0
99	C. wilsonii^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	1	1	2
100	C. xichouense^a,b	Xu et al.，2021	0	0	0

编号No.	学名 Accepted name	参考 Reference	作为母本 Seed parent	作为父本 Pollen parent	总数 Total
1	C. acuminatum	WCSP	0	0	0
2	C. aliciae	WCSP	0	0	0
3	C. aloifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	9	23	32
4	C. atrolabium	WCSP	0	0	0
5	C. atropurpureum^a	FOC & WCSP	2	5	7
6	C. banaense	WCSP	0	0	0
7	C. baoshanense^a	FOC & WCSP	1	0	1
8	C. bicolor	WCSP	4	9	13
9	C. bicolor subsp. bicolor	WCSP	/	/	/
10	C. bicolor subsp. pubescens	WCSP	/	/	/
11	C. biflorens^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
12	C. borneense	WCSP	0	0	0
13	C. brevifolium^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
14	C. canaliculatum	WCSP	9	66	75
15	C. changningense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	2	0	2
16	C. chloranthum	WCSP	3	4	7
17	C. cochleare^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	1	1
18	C. codonanthum^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
19	C. concinnum^a	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
20	C. crassifolium^a	WCSP	1	1	2
21	C. cyperifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	1	3	4
22	C. cyperifolium subsp. cyperifolium^a	WCSP	/	/	/
23	C. cyperifolium subsp. indochinense^a	WCSP	/	/	/
24	C. cyperifolium var. szechuanicum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	/	/	/
25	C. daweishanense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
26	C. dayanum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	6	32	38
27	C. dayanum var. angustifolium	WCSP	/	/	/
28	C. dayanum var. dayanum^a	WCSP	/	/	/
29	C. defoliatum^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	0	0
30	C. devonianum^a	FOC & WCSP	24	204	228
31	C. dianlan^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
32	C. eburneum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	33	33	66
33	C. elegans^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	14	13	27
34	C. elegans var. elegans^a	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
35	C. elegans var. lushuiense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
36	C. elongatum	WCSP	0	0	0
37	C. ensifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	51	32	83
38	C. erythraeum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	26	26	52
39	C. erythraeum var. erythraeum^a	WCSP	/	/	/
40	C. erythraeum var. falvum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
41	C. erythrostylum	WCSP	44	53	97
42	C. faberi^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	8	4	12
43	C. finlaysonianum^a	WCSP	6	16	22
44	C. floribundum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	172	115	287
45	C. formosanum^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
46	C. gaoligongense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
47	C. goeringii^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	67	27	94
48	C. haematodes^a	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
49	C. hartinahianum	WCSP	0	0	0
50	C. hookerianum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	20	36	56
编号No.	学名 Accepted name	参考 Reference	作为母本 Seed parent	作为父本 Pollen parent	总数 Total
51	C. induratifolium	WCSP	0	0	0
52	C. insigne^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	62	70	132
53	C. iridioides^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	18	15	33
54	C. jiangchengense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
55	C. kanran^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	12	10	22
56	C. lancifolium^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	9	7	16
57	C. lii^a,b	WCSP	7	37	44
58	C. longipes	WCSP	0	0	0
59	C. lowianum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	94	79	173
60	C. lowianum var. ailaoense^a,b	WCSP	/	/	/
61	C. lowianum var. kalawense^a	WCSP	/	/	/
62	C. lowianum var. lowianum^a	WCSP	/	/	/
63	C. macrorhizon^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	0	0
64	C. madidum	WCSP	41	44	85
65	C. maguanense^a,b	FOC & WCSP	2	0	2
66	C. mastersii^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	18	36	54
67	C. micranthum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
68	C. munronianum	WCSP	4	3	7
69	C. nanulum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	2	0	2
70	C. omeiense^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	0	0
71	C. parishii	WCSP	31	22	53
72	C. puerense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
73	C. qiubeiense^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	2	4	6
74	C. rectum	WCSP	1	3	4
75	C. recurvatum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
76	C. repens	WCSP	0	0	0
77	C. roseum	WCSP	1	3	4
78	C. sanderae	WCSP	36	44	80
79	C. schroederi^a	FOC & WCSP	3	7	10
80	C. seidenfadenii	WCSP	4	11	15
81	C. serratum^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	0	3	3
82	C. shidianense^a,b	WCSP	0	0	0
83	C. sichuanicum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
84	C. sigmoideum	WCSP	0	0	0
85	C. sinense^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	78	48	126
86	C. suave	WCSP	7	33	40
87	C. suavissimum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	4	2	6
88	C. tamphianum	WCSP	0	0	0
89	C. teretipetiolatum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	0	0	0
90	C. tigrinum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	16	37	53
91	C. tortisepalum^a,b	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	12	4	16
92	C. tortisepalum var. longibracteatum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
93	C. tortisepalum var. tortisepalum^a,b	FOC & WCSP	/	/	/
94	C. tracyanum^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	37	96	133
95	C. viride	WCSP	0	0	0
96	C. wadae	WCSP	9	2	11
97	C. wenshanense^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	1	4	5
98	C. whiteae	WCSP	0	0	0
99	C. wilsonii^a	FOC & FRPS & WCSP	1	1	2
100	C. xichouense^a,b	Xu et al.，2021	0	0	0

序号 No.	省 Province	资源库 Germplasm resource center	保存植物 Genus	种或品种/个 Species or cultivars	保存数/份 Number	核心区面积/hm² Area of core zone	批次 Batch
1	福建 Fujian	福建省连城县连城兰花股份有限公司国家国兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium Germplasm Resource Center of Fujian Liancheng Orchid Co.，Ltd.	兰属 Cymbidium	250	/	26.67	1
2	广东 Guangdong	广东省汕头市澄海区广东远东国兰股份有限公司国家国兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium Germplasm Resource Center of Guangdong Yuandong Guolan Co.，Ltd.	兰属 Cymbidium	1 380	/	1.33	1
3	广东 Guangdong	广东省广州市白云区广东省农业科学院国家蝴蝶兰、墨兰种质资源库 National Phalaenopsis and Cymbidium sinense Germplasm Resource Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	蝴蝶兰属、兰属等 Phalaenopsis，Cymbidium	/	1 264	93.44	1
4	云南 Yunnan	云南省昆明市盘龙区云南野生兰收藏基地有限公司国家兰属种质资源库 National Cymbidium Germplasm Resource Center of Yunnan Wild Orchid Collection Base Co.，Ltd	兰属 Cymbidium	580	/	10.00	1
5	江苏 Jiangsu	江苏省扬州市农业科学研究院国家春兰、蕙兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium goeringii and Cymbidium faberi Germplasm Resource Center of Jiangsu Lixiahe District Institute of Agricultural Sciences	兰属 Cymbidium	/	622	/	2
6	湖南 Hunan	湖南省园艺研究所国家蕙兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium faberi Germplasm Resource Center of Hunan Horticultural research institute	兰属 Cymbidium	/	1 000	/	2

序号 No.	省 Province	资源库 Germplasm resource center	保存植物 Genus	种或品种/个 Species or cultivars	保存数/份 Number	核心区面积/hm² Area of core zone	批次 Batch
1	福建 Fujian	福建省连城县连城兰花股份有限公司国家国兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium Germplasm Resource Center of Fujian Liancheng Orchid Co.，Ltd.	兰属 Cymbidium	250	/	26.67	1
2	广东 Guangdong	广东省汕头市澄海区广东远东国兰股份有限公司国家国兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium Germplasm Resource Center of Guangdong Yuandong Guolan Co.，Ltd.	兰属 Cymbidium	1 380	/	1.33	1
3	广东 Guangdong	广东省广州市白云区广东省农业科学院国家蝴蝶兰、墨兰种质资源库 National Phalaenopsis and Cymbidium sinense Germplasm Resource Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	蝴蝶兰属、兰属等 Phalaenopsis，Cymbidium	/	1 264	93.44	1
4	云南 Yunnan	云南省昆明市盘龙区云南野生兰收藏基地有限公司国家兰属种质资源库 National Cymbidium Germplasm Resource Center of Yunnan Wild Orchid Collection Base Co.，Ltd	兰属 Cymbidium	580	/	10.00	1
5	江苏 Jiangsu	江苏省扬州市农业科学研究院国家春兰、蕙兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium goeringii and Cymbidium faberi Germplasm Resource Center of Jiangsu Lixiahe District Institute of Agricultural Sciences	兰属 Cymbidium	/	622	/	2
6	湖南 Hunan	湖南省园艺研究所国家蕙兰种质资源库 National Cymbidium faberi Germplasm Resource Center of Hunan Horticultural research institute	兰属 Cymbidium	/	1 000	/	2

编号No.	属名Genus	作为母本Seed parent	作为父本Pollen parent	总数Total
1	豹斑兰属Ansellia	2	5	7
2	双柄兰属Bifrenaria	1	0	1
3	厚叶石斛属Bolbidium	0	1	1
4	龙须兰属Catasetum	0	2	2
5	龙须克劳兰属Clowesetum	0	1	1
6	蕙皓兰属Cymphiella	2	0	2
7	美冠兰属Eulophia	1	0	1
8	拟美冠兰属Eulophiella	0	1	1
9	斑被兰属Grammatophyllum	9	32	41
10	鸽兰属Peristeria	0	1	1
11	鹤顶兰属Phaius	2	1	3
12	豹皮兰属Promenaea	1	0	1
13	轭瓣兰属Zygopetalum	1	1	2

Advances in Genetic Resources and Breeding Research of Cymbidium

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类别 Class	基因 Gene	物种名 Species	基因登录号 Gene accession	功能验证 Function	参考文献 References
A	CeAP1	建兰C. ensifolium	JX255735	N	吴菁华等，2013
	CfMADS1	蕙兰C. faberi	KC148540	N	田云芳等，2015
	CgAP1/FUL1	春兰C. goeringii	KX347440	N	Xiang et al.，2018
	CgAP1/FUL2	春兰C. goeringii	KX347441	N	Xiang et al.，2018
	CgAP1/FUL3	春兰C. goeringii	KX347442	N	Xiang et al.，2018
	CtAP1a	莲瓣兰C. tortisepalum	-	N	刘涛等，2016
	CtAP1b	莲瓣兰C. tortisepalum	-	N	刘涛等，2016
	CgAP2-1	春兰C. goeringii	KX347443	N	Xiang et al.，2018
	CgAP2-2	春兰C. goeringii	KX347444	N	Xiang et al.，2018
	CgAP2-3	春兰C. goeringii	KX347445	N	Xiang et al.，2018
	CfAP11	蕙兰C. faberi	JQ031272	N	田云芳等，2013
B	CfDEF1	蕙兰C. faberi	HM208535	N	向林等，2011a
	CgDEF1	春兰C. goeringii	HM106983	N	Xiang et al.，2018
	CfDEF2	蕙兰C. faberi	HM208536	N	向林等，2011a
	CgDEF2	春兰C. goeringii	KX347446	N	Xiang et al.，2018
	CgDEF3	春兰C. goeringii	HM106982	N	Xiang et al.，2018
	CgDEF4	春兰C. goeringii	KU058678	N	刘换换等，2016;Xiang et al.，2018
	CsAP3-2	墨兰C. sinense	KY797298	Y	Su et al.，2018a
	CtDEF	莲瓣兰C. tortisepalum	-	Y	李琼洁等，2014
	CfGLO	蕙兰C. faberi	HQ164433	N	向林等，2011a
	CyfaPI	蕙兰C. faberi	MK450600	Y	Fei & Lin，2019
	CgGLO	春兰C. goeringii	HM106984	N	向林等，2011b;Xiang et al.，2018
	CgGLO	春兰C. goeringii	HM106984	N	Xiang et al.，2018
C	CeMADS1	建兰C. ensifolium	ADP00515	Y	Wang et al.，2011
	CeMADS2	建兰C. ensifolium	ADP00516	Y	Wang et al.，2011
	CfAG	蕙兰C. faberi	JX050151	N	向林等，2011c
	CsAG1	墨兰C. sinense	MG021184	Y	Su et al.，2018b
	CsAG2	墨兰C. sinense	MG021185	N	Su et al.，2018b
D	CyfaSTK	蕙兰C. faberi	QDF44725	N	费越等，2019
E	CeAGL6	建兰C. ensifolium	AEZ51867	Y	吴菁华等，2019
	CfAGL6	蕙兰C. faberi	HM208534	N	向林等，2010
	CgAGL6/CgAGL6-1	春兰C. goeringii	HM208533	N	孙崇波等，2010;Xiang et al.，2018
	CgAGL6	春兰 × 大花蕙兰 C. goeringii × C. hybirdium	GQ265900	Y	胡立霞等，2011
	CgAGL6-2	春兰C. goeringii	KX347450	N	Xiang et al.，2018
	CsAGL6-2	墨兰C. sinense	KY797300	Y	Su et al.，2018b
	CgAGL6-3	春兰C. goeringii	KU058679	N	胡月苗等，2016;Xiang et al.，2018
	CgSEP1	春兰C. goeringii	KF924272	N	贾春蕾等，2014;Xiang et al.，2018
	CsSEP1	墨兰C. sinense	SAMN20059972	Y	Yang et al.，2021
	CgSEP2	春兰C. goeringii	KX347447	N	Xiang et al.，2018
	CsSEP2	墨兰C. sinense	SAMN20059972	Y	Yang et al.，2021
	CgSEP3	春兰C. goeringii	KX347448	N	Xiang et al.，2018
	CsSEP3	墨兰C. sinense	SAMN20059972	Y	Yang et al.，2021
	CgSEP4	春兰C. goeringii	KX347449	N	Xiang et al.，2018
	CsSEP4	墨兰C. sinense	SAMN20059972	Y	Yang et al.，2021

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