Effects of Growing Grasses on Soil Microbial Diversity，Soil Metabolites and Fruits Quality in‘Lingwuchangzao’Jujube Orchard

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-1046

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 185-201.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-1046

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Growing Grasses on Soil Microbial Diversity，Soil Metabolites and Fruits Quality in‘Lingwuchangzao’Jujube Orchard

WEI Tianjun¹^,^*(), LI Hui¹, WANG Guiyun², CHEN Weijun², LI Guangming²

¹ Institute of Horticulture， Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences， Yinchuan 750002， China
² Lingwu Natural Resources Bureau， Lingwu， Ningxia 750400， China

Received:2025-05-19 Revised:2025-10-24 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-26
Contact: WEI Tianjun

Abstract

Abstract:

This study focuses on the artificial planting mixture of Vicia villosa，Trifolium repens and Taraxacum mongolicum or artificial planting of Lolium perenne as the main and a small amount of Trifolium repens，Vicia villosa，and Taraxacum mongolicum or semi-cultivation and semi-natural grass as the objects in‘Lingwuchangzao’jujube orchard. The effects of grass growing modes on soil microbial diversity，soil metabolome，soil fertility and fruit quality in‘Lingwuchangzao’jujube orchard were analyzed，and a suitable grass growing mode for promoting planting in arid and semi-arid areas of Ningxia was screened. The results showed that both grasses cultivation patterns could increase the diversityindices（Chao1 and ACE） of soil microbial，compared with semi-cultivation and semi-natural grass in ‘Lingwuchangzao’jujube orchard. Artificially planting a mixture of Vicia villosa，Trifolium repens and Taraxacum mongolicum significantly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and Basidiomycota in soil samples. While artificially planting Lolium perenne being the main method，plus planting a small amount of Trifolium repens，Vicia villosa，and Taraxacum mongolicum significantly increased the abundance of Acidobacteria and Ascomycota in soil samples. Differential metabolites was mainly concentrated in cutin，wax and wax biosynthesis，isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis，linoleic acid metabolism，arachidonic acid metabolism，cyanuric acid metabolism and cyanuric acid metabolism. Moreover，the soil pH value was significantly decreased and the soil organic matter content was significantly increased under the two artificial modes. Grass-growing mode 1 Vicia villosa，Trifolium repens and Taraxacum mongolicum） significantly increased the contents of soluble solids，total sugar and titratable acid of the jujube. In conclusion，artificial planting mixture of Vicia villosa，Trifolium repens and Taraxacum mongolicum in ‘Lingwuchangzao’jujube orchard in arid and semi-arid of Ningxia can improve the community structure and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi，improve the level of soil nutrition，thus affecting the soil metabolites and fruits quality.

Key words: orchard grasses cultivation, jujube, Vicia villosa, soil, microbiology, metabolite

WEI Tianjun, LI Hui, WANG Guiyun, CHEN Weijun, LI Guangming. Effects of Growing Grasses on Soil Microbial Diversity，Soil Metabolites and Fruits Quality in‘Lingwuchangzao’Jujube Orchard[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(1): 185-201.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1 α diversity of bacterial communities under different grasses cultivation patterns SA：Artificially planting a mixture of Vicia villosa，Trifolium repens and Taraxacum mongolicum；SB：Artificially planting Lolium perenne being the main method，plus planting a small amount of Trifolium repens，Vicia villosa and Taraxacum mongolicum；SCK：Control，semi-cultivation and semi-natural grass mode. The method of significant difference analysis is the Tukey test，*** P < 0.001. The same below

Fig. 2 Principal coordinate analysis and principal co-ordinates analysis of soil bacterial diversity under different grasses cultivation patterns

Fig. 3 Bacterial groups composition of soil in‘Lingwuchangzao’jujube orchard under different grasses cultivation patterns

Fig. 4 α diversity of fungal communities under different grasses cultivation patterns ** P < 0.01；*** P < 0.001

Fig. 5 Principal coordinate analysis and principal co-ordinates analysis of soil fungal diversity under different grasses cultivation patterns

Fig. 6 Fungal groups composition of soil in‘Lingwuchangzao’jujube orchard under different grasses cultivation patterns

Fig. 7 Heatmaps of different metabolites in different grass model treatment group

Fig. 8 Volcanic maps of different metabolites in different grass model treatment groups

Fig. 9 KEGG enrichment of different metabolites in different grass model treatment groups

Table 1 Soil physicochemical indexes under different grass growing modes

生草模式 Grass growth pattern	土层深度/cm Soil depth	全盐/% Total soil	pH	有机质/（g · kg^-1） Organic material	碱解氮/（mg · kg^-1） Alkali-hydrolysate nitrogen
SCK	0 ~ 20	0.13 ± 0.01 d	8.63 ± 0.01 b	16.07 ± 0.20 d	70.03 ± 7.83 a
SCK	20 ~ 40	0.20 ± 0.03 b	8.74 ± 0.02 a	14.30 ± 0.16 e	52.51 ± 4.41 b
SA	0 ~ 20	0.23 ± 0.01 a	7.95 ± 0.05 e	16.54 ± 0.08 c	55.14 ± 5.43 b
SA	20 ~ 40	0.15 ± 0.01 c	8.30 ± 0.02 d	20.84 ± 0.23 a	78.26 ± 7.56 a
SB	0 ~ 20	0.17 ± 0.01 bc	8.54 ± 0.01 c	20.11 ± 0.33 b	78.58 ± 2.56 a
SB	20 ~ 40	0.20 ± 0.02 b	8.66 ± 0.02 b	16.66 ± 0.41 c	78.24 ± 1.41 a
生草模式 Grass growth pattern	速效磷/（mg · kg^-1） Available phosphorus	速效钾/（mg · kg^-1） Rapidly available potassium	有效铜/（mg · kg^-1） Rapidly available copper	有效铁/（mg · kg^-1） Rapidly available iron	有效锰/（mg · kg^-1） Rapidly available manganese
SCK	53.95 ± 1.75 c	148.67 ± 0.58 c	1.72 ± 0.41 d	20.83 ± 0.19 e	5.60 ± 0.02 c
	61.89 ± 1.79 b	144.00 ± 6.25 c	2.48 ± 0.28 bc	25.89 ± 0.51 c	5.07 ± 0.55 d
SA	45.22 ± 1.10 d	173.67 ± 1.53 b	2.91 ± 0.30 b	24.11 ± 0.39 d	6.21 ± 0.25 b
	73.69 ± 1.95 a	128.00 ± 6.08 d	3.83 ± 0.04 a	34.25 ± 0.50 a	6.92 ± 0.32 a
SB	50.39 ± 1.91 c	259.67 ± 2.08 a	2.39 ± 0.18 c	23.84 ± 0.43 d	7.22 ± 0.05 a
	37.65 ± 3.45 e	262.33 ± 7.51 a	2.80 ± 0.10 bc	30.60 ± 0.41 b	7.01 ± 0.24 a

Table 2 The effects of different grass management patterns on the fruit quality of‘Lingwuchangzao’jujube

生草模式 Grass growth pattern	产量/（kg · hm^-2） Yileld	可溶性固形物/% Soluble solid	总糖/% Sugar	可滴定酸/% Titratable acid	维生素C/（mg· kg^-1） Vitamin C
SA	12 435.0 ± 290.4 a	27.02 ± 0.50 a	24.23 ± 0.50 a	0.33 ± 0 a	40.70 ± 0 a
SB	15 307.5 ± 120.5 a	26.52 ± 0.07 ab	23.30 ± 0.40 b	0.32 ± 0.02 ab	40.70 ± 0 a
SCK	13 245.0 ± 209.8 a	25.79 ± 0.53 c	23.03 ± 0.31 b	0.31 ± 0 b	37.40 ± 0 a

Fig. 10 Redundancy analysis of structure of soil bacterial community and soil environmental physicochemical factors under different grass modes at phylum level

Fig. 11 Redundancy analysis of soil fungal community and soil environmental physicochemical factors under different grass modes at phylum level

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Effects of Growing Grasses on Soil Microbial Diversity，Soil Metabolites and Fruits Quality in‘Lingwuchangzao’Jujube Orchard

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