Analysis of Fungal Community in Rhizosphere Soil of Rubus corchorifolius Under Four Forest Stands in Jinyun Mountain

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0073

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 202-218.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0073

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Analysis of Fungal Community in Rhizosphere Soil of Rubus corchorifolius Under Four Forest Stands in Jinyun Mountain

LÜ Yaru¹, LI Jie¹, GU Xirong¹^,^*(), CUI Yao², HU Jia¹

¹ College of Resources and Environment， Southwest University， Chongqing 400716， China
² Yunnan Academy of Ecological and environmental Sciences， Kunming 650034， China

Received:2025-04-24 Revised:2025-10-23 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-26
Contact: GU Xirong

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aims to promote the rational utilization of China’s forest land resources and to identify suitable forest types for the understory cultivation of Rubus corchorifolius. Using R. corchorifolius shrubland as a reference，its rhizosphere soil were investigated in three typical mid-subtropical forest stands i.e. Pinus massoniana，Phyllostachys ubescens，and Citrus reticulata in Jinyun Mountain，Chongqing. High-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze fungal diversity and its relationship with soil nutrients. Results showed that the fungal diversity index of rhizosphere soil was no significantly different between Pinus massoniana and R. corchorifoliu stands，but was significantly higher than that in Phyllostachys ubescens and C. reticulata stands. Ascomycota，Basidiomycota，and Mortierellomycota were the dominant fungal phyla，collectively accounting for over 90% of the totally relative abundance under R. corchorifolius，C. reticulata，and P. massoniana stands，while > 40% under Phyllostachys ubescens stand. The key differential fungal genera distinctly varied among the four stands：Talaromyces and Tolypocladium in the R. corchorifolius stand；Metarhizium and Penicillium in the Pinus massoniana stand；Aspergillus and Chaetomium in the C. reticulata stand；and Unclassified_k_Ascomycota in the Phyllostachys ubescens stand. Soil available phosphorus and organic carbon were the critical nutrient factors influencing the distribution of fungal communities in R. corchorifolius rhizosphere soil. The saprotrophic fungi were the primary functional groups under both Pinus massoniana and R. corchorifolius stands，whereas arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic fungi were predominant under Phyllostachys ubescens and C. reticulata stands. Overall，the rhizosphere soil nutrients were favorable under Pinus massoniana and R. corchorifolius stands than under other two stands while the major key fungal genera might have the function of phosphorus solubilization. In conclusion，the Pinus massoniana and R. corchorifolius stands exhibited more favorable rhizosphere soil nutrients. Their key differential genera are likely capable of phosphorus solubilization，and they shared similar fungal species composition with significantly higher richness and diversity compared to the C. reticulata and Phyllostachys ubescens stands. Therefore，the Pinus massoniana forest stand is recommended as a suitable site for the understory cultivation of R. corchorifolius.

Key words: Rubus corchorifolius, forest stand, fungal diversity, soil nutrient

LÜ Yaru, LI Jie, GU Xirong, CUI Yao, HU Jia. Analysis of Fungal Community in Rhizosphere Soil of Rubus corchorifolius Under Four Forest Stands in Jinyun Mountain[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(1): 202-218.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Dominant plant species and fruit quality of Rubus corchorifolius under four forest stands in Mount Jinyun

林地类型 Forest type	植物种类 Plant species	山莓果实品质 Rubus corchorifolius fruit quality
山莓 Rubus corchorifolius	山莓、葛藤、芭茅、火炭母 Rubus corchorifolius，Argyreia pierreana，Miscanthus floridulus，Polygonum chinense	果中偏大，果甜较酸，香味多，味浓风味佳 The fruit is medium-large in size，with a sweet and moderately acidic flavor，a rich aroma，and a full-bodied，excellent taste
马尾松 Pinus massoniana	马尾松、山莓、杉木、毛桐、接骨草 Pinus massoniana，Rubus corchorifolius，Cunninghamia lanceolata，Mallotus japonicus，Sambucus chinensis	果中偏大，果甜微酸，香味多，有特殊香气，味浓风味好 The fruit is medium-large in size，with a sweet and slightly acidic flavor，a rich and distinctive aroma，and a full-bodied，pleasant taste
楠竹 Phyllostachys ubescens	楠竹、山莓、蕨、鸢尾 Phyllostachys ubescens，Rubus corchorifolius，Pteridium aquilinum，Iris tectorum	果中偏小，果较甜微酸，香味偏淡，籽多 The fruit is medium-small in size，with a relatively sweet and slightly acidic flavor，a faint aroma，and a high seed content
柑橘 Citrus reticulata	柑橘、山莓、燕麦、苎麻 Citrus reticulate，Rubus corchorifolius，Avena sativa，Boehmeria nivea	果中偏小，果甜微酸，籽粒脆，香味较多，风味较好 The fruit is medium-small in size，with a sweet and slightly acidic flavor，crisp seeds，a pronounced aroma，and a good overall taste

Table 2 Nutrient content in rhizosphere soil of Rubus corchorifolius under 4 forest stands in Jinyun Mountain

林地类型 Forest stand	pH	有机碳/（g · kg^-1） Organic carbon （SOC）	总氮/（g · kg^-1） Total N （TN）	总磷/（g · kg^-1） Total P （TP）	总钾/（g · kg^-1） Total K（TK）
山莓Rubus corchorifolius	4.79 ± 0.04 a	12.60 ± 0.02 b	1.61 ±0.00 b	0.37 ± 0.02 b	10.80 ± 0.05 c
马尾松Pinus massoniana	4.69 ± 0.03 b	12.30 ± 0.02 c	1.96 ± 0.02 a	1.07 ± 0.03 a	19.50 ± 0.03 a
楠竹Phyllostachys ubescens	4.31 ± 0.01 c	25.60 ± 0.13 a	1.54 ± 0.02 c	0.37 ± 0.02 b	12.20 ± 0.07 b
柑橘Citrus reticulata	4.37 ± 0.01 c	8.67 ± 0.08 d	1.16 ± 0 d	0.34 ± 0.01 b	8.71 ± 0.07 d
林地类型 Forest stand	碳氮比 C/N	氮磷比 N/P	碱解氮/（mg · kg^-1）Available N（AN）	有效磷/（mg · kg^-1）Available P（AP）	速效钾/（mg · kg^-1）Available K（AK）
山莓Rubus corchorifolius	7.79 ± 0.00 b	4.39 ± 0.27 a	124.00 ± 1.17 a	72.60 ± 0.63 a	75.80 ± 0.10 b
马尾松Pinus massoniana	6.24 ± 0.07 c	1.83 ± 0.07 c	100.00 ± 1.03 b	44.10 ± 0.09 b	133.00 ± 0.27 a
楠竹Phyllostachys ubescens	16.60 ± 0.37 a	4.16 ± 0.21 a	99.30 ± 0.06 b	24.60 ± 0.32 c	24.00 ± 0.04 d
柑橘Citrus reticulata	7.43 ± 0.09 b	3.47 ± 0.10 b	83.90 ± 1.29 c	14.20 ± 0.03 d	39.80 ± 0.01 c

Fig. 1 Dilution curve（A）and Venn diagram（B）of OTU distribution in rhizosphere soil fungi of Rubus corchorifolius under four forest stands in Jinyun Mountain RC：Rubus corchorifolius stand；CR：Citrus reticulata stand；PU：Phyllostachys ubescen stand；PM：Pinus massoniana stand. The same below

Fig. 2 Indexes of Sobs（A），Chao（B），Ace（C）and Shannon（D）of rhizosphere soil fungi of Rubus corchorifolius under four forest stands in Jinyun Mountain Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different forest stands at 0.05 level

Fig. 3 Principal Co-ordinates Analysis（PCoA）of the rhizosphere soil fungal community of Rubus corchorifolius under four forest stands in Jinyun Mountain

Fig. 4 Classification results（A）and difference comparison（B）of the rhizosphere soil fungal at the phylum level of Rubus corchorifolius under four forest stands in Jinyun Mountain The asterisk * in Fig. A indicates a significant difference among multiple groups（Kruskal-Wallis test），while in Fig. B，it signifies a significant difference between two groups（Wilcoxon test），P < 0.05 for both

Fig. 5 Classification results（A）and difference comparison（B）of the rhizosphere soil fungal at the genus level of the Rubus corchorifolius under four forest stands in Jinyun Mountain The asterisk in Fig. 5，B indicates a significant difference among multiple groups（Kruskal-Wallis test）（P < 0.05）

Fig. 6 Biomarker with the rhizosphere soil of Rubus corchorifolius under four forest stands in Jinyun Mountain Nodes of different colors indicate that microorganisms are significantly enriched in different groups，while light yellow nodes indicate no significant differences between groups. P：Phylum；C：Class；F：Family；O：Order；G：Genus

Fig. 7 Canonical Correspondence Analysis（CCA）of the rhizosphere soil fungal community of Rubus corchorifolius with soil nutrients content under four forest stands in Jinyun Mountain Codes for nutrients refer to Table 2，and the same applies hereafter. In the diagram，samples from different environments or conditions are represented by points of varying colors or shapes. Red arrows indicate quantitative environmental variables. By projecting sample points onto the directional arrows of quantitative environmental variables，the distance from the projection point to the origin reflects the relative influence of the environmental variable on community distribution，while the directional alignment between sample points and arrows indicates positive or negative correlations

Fig. 8 Correlation between the rhizosphere soil nutrients of Rubus corchorifolius and dominant genus under four forest stands in Jinyun Mountain N/P：Nitrogen-phosphorus ratio；C/N：Carbon-nitrogen ratio；SOC：Organic carbon；AN：Available N；AP：Available P；AK：Available K；TN：Total N；TK：Total K；TP：Total P. *：P < 0.05，**：P < 0.01，***：P < 0.001

Table 3 Correlation between rhizosphere soil fungal community and soil nutrients of Rubus corchorifolius under four forest stands in Jinyun Mountain

指数 Index	pH	有机碳 Organic carbon（SOC）	总氮 Total N （TN）	总磷 Total P （TP）	总钾 Total K （TK）	碳氮比 C/N	氮磷比 N/P	碱解氮 Available N（AN）	有效磷Available P（AP）	速效钾Available K（AK）
Ace	0.880^**	-0.632^*	0.547	0.553	0.456	-0.799^**	-0.390	0.499	0.704^*	0.845^**
Chao	0.879^**	-0.626^*	0.543	0.546	0.450	-0.792^**	-0.380	0.506	0.707^*	0.838^**
香农指数 Shannon’s index	0.731^**	0.005	0.725^**	0.503	0.540	-0.230	-0.238	0.683^*	0.704^*	0.615^*
生态优势指数 Sobs index	0.894^**	-0.560	0.615^*	0.588^*	0.513	-0.748^**	-0.395	0.538	0.729^**	0.864^**

Fig. 9 Functional classification of fungal communities in the rhizosphere of Rubus corchorifolius under four forest stands in Jinyun Mountain

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Analysis of Fungal Community in Rhizosphere Soil of Rubus corchorifolius Under Four Forest Stands in Jinyun Mountain

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