Genomic-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the DNA Methylation-Modifying Enzyme Genes in Poncirus trifoliata

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-1034

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (12): 3167-3179.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-1034

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Genomic-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the DNA Methylation-Modifying Enzyme Genes in Poncirus trifoliata

CHEN Mengru, WU Qing’an, HE Sijia, CAI Xiangbin, MA Qiaoli, GU Qingqing, WEI Qingjiang^*()

School of Agricultural Sciences，Jiangxi Agricultural University，Nanchang 330045，China

Received:2025-02-17 Revised:2025-10-13 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2025-12-20
Contact: WEI Qingjiang

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to understand the characteristics of DNA methylation-modifying enzyme genes in the citrus genome，the DNA methyltransferase and demethylase genes in Poncirus trifoliata were identified and analyzed at the genome-wide level in this study. The results showed that 11 DNA methyltransferase genes and 3 demethylase genes existed in the Poncirus trifoliata genome. The peptide sequences of those proteins contain 665-1 962 amino acids，and all of them were hydrophilic proteins，with 13 members located at the nucleus. In addition，three fragment duplication events occurred in the PtrDME，PtrROS1，PtrDML3，PtrCMT2，and PtrMET1-6 genes，which were covariant with both Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sative. Further analysis revealed that promoter regions of these DNA methylation-modifying genes contain numerous light-responsive and hormone-responsive elements and that the PtrMET1 was a core protein in the protein interaction network. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that PtrMET1-2 and PtrCMT1 were highly expressed in leaf，root，late-stage ovule，and early-stage ovule，while PtrCMT2 and PtrCMT3 were highly expressed in flesh of mature and young fruit and seed. The DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacitidine treatment reduced the leaf DNA methylation level in Poncirus trifoliata and increased the expression of most DNA methylation-modifying enzyme genes with the exception of PtrRM gene，which showed down expression in the stem. The result indicted that the methylation inhibitor methylation inhibitors may alter the methylation levels of plants via regulating the methylation-related genes expression.

Key words: Poncirus trifoliata, DNA methylation, bioinformatics analysis, gene expression

CHEN Mengru, WU Qing’an, HE Sijia, CAI Xiangbin, MA Qiaoli, GU Qingqing, WEI Qingjiang. Genomic-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the DNA Methylation-Modifying Enzyme Genes in Poncirus trifoliata[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(12): 3167-3179.

Figures/Tables 8

References 34

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基因 Gene	正向引物序列（5′-3′） Forward primer	反向引物序列（5′-3′） Reverse primer
PtrActin	CATCCCTCAGCACCTTCC	CCAACCTTAGCACTTCTCC
Pt5g021700	AGGTTGT·GGTGGCTTATCTGATGG	TTCTCCTGCTGGTTGCTCATACTC
Pt7g014310	TGATACCTTGGTGCCTGCCTAATAC	TGCCTTCCCAATCAAGCCTTCC
PtUn014750	AGATTTAATACCCTGGTGCTTACC	AAAGTTTCCTTCCCAGTCCAA
PtUn014790	TTATTTCCGCCCCAGGTTT	CTCAGGTGATGCTGCCCAT
PtUn014840	CTTCTGCGAACATTTATACGATCC	TCCTGCTGGTTGCTCATACTCT
PtUn030910	TGCCGCCTCACATCAAGA	CCATCAGATAAGCCACCACAA
Pt2g001260	AAGTAAAGAAGCAGAAGCGAAGA	TCCCATCAACTGCCTCAAAC
Pt5g018630	AGACGGTTCCTACAACAGCTACTTC	CGAGGCATAATCCAGTTGACATTCC
Pt5g023400	AGCGAAGAAGAAGAAGAGGAGGAAG	TTCGGATCACCATAGCAGACAGC
Pt9g000560	GTTGTCAGTCTTCAGCGGAATTGG	CCCACCACCTCTTGAGAATCCTTC
Pt1g006140	GACATAGACCAGGAAGGCAAGGAG	ATGACAATCACCGCAAACACGAAG
Pt6g006730	TGCGACTTCTAACACTCCACCATC	GCACCCAGCCGAGTCTTACAG
Pt8g006600	GACTGTTGCCAGAACTGAGTATTGC	TGATCGCCTGTGCCTGTCTTG
Pt4g018910	ACAACCGATGCTAGTGCGAGAC	TCTCTGCCTGCTCACCAATTACTTC

基因 Gene	正向引物序列（5′-3′） Forward primer	反向引物序列（5′-3′） Reverse primer
PtrActin	CATCCCTCAGCACCTTCC	CCAACCTTAGCACTTCTCC
Pt5g021700	AGGTTGT·GGTGGCTTATCTGATGG	TTCTCCTGCTGGTTGCTCATACTC
Pt7g014310	TGATACCTTGGTGCCTGCCTAATAC	TGCCTTCCCAATCAAGCCTTCC
PtUn014750	AGATTTAATACCCTGGTGCTTACC	AAAGTTTCCTTCCCAGTCCAA
PtUn014790	TTATTTCCGCCCCAGGTTT	CTCAGGTGATGCTGCCCAT
PtUn014840	CTTCTGCGAACATTTATACGATCC	TCCTGCTGGTTGCTCATACTCT
PtUn030910	TGCCGCCTCACATCAAGA	CCATCAGATAAGCCACCACAA
Pt2g001260	AAGTAAAGAAGCAGAAGCGAAGA	TCCCATCAACTGCCTCAAAC
Pt5g018630	AGACGGTTCCTACAACAGCTACTTC	CGAGGCATAATCCAGTTGACATTCC
Pt5g023400	AGCGAAGAAGAAGAAGAGGAGGAAG	TTCGGATCACCATAGCAGACAGC
Pt9g000560	GTTGTCAGTCTTCAGCGGAATTGG	CCCACCACCTCTTGAGAATCCTTC
Pt1g006140	GACATAGACCAGGAAGGCAAGGAG	ATGACAATCACCGCAAACACGAAG
Pt6g006730	TGCGACTTCTAACACTCCACCATC	GCACCCAGCCGAGTCTTACAG
Pt8g006600	GACTGTTGCCAGAACTGAGTATTGC	TGATCGCCTGTGCCTGTCTTG
Pt4g018910	ACAACCGATGCTAGTGCGAGAC	TCTCTGCCTGCTCACCAATTACTTC

基因名称 Gene name	基因号 Gene ID	编码序列长度/bp CDS Length	氨基酸数 No. of amino acids	分子量/D Molecular weight	等电点 pI	脂溶性指数 Aliphatic index	不稳定系数 Instability index (II)	亲水性 Gravy	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization
PtrMET1-1	Pt5g021700.1	5 247	1 748	196 887.65	6.18	78.07	40.18	-0.439	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrMET1-2	Pt7g014310.1	4 677	1 558	175 472.98	5.85	74.85	43.70	-0.502	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrMET1-3	PtUn014750.1	2 829	942	105 994.39	6.27	77.09	35.16	-0.433	细胞质 Cytosol
PtrMET1-4	PtUn014790.1	4 488	1 495	168 753.73	6.27	77.00	42.11	-0.469	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrMET1-5	PtUn014840.1	4 305	434	161 602.75	5.84	77.97	37.77	-0.392	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrMET1-6	PtUn030910.1	5 088	1 695	190 981.84	6.21	77.70	41.75	-0.434	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrCMT1	Pt2g001260.2	2 616	871	99 098.07	5.06	77.07	45.44	-0.569	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrCMT2	Pt5g018630.1	1 998	665	75 200.79	8.04	77.05	43.81	-0.437	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrCMT3	Pt5g023400.1	2 493	830	93 924.59	5.60	78.57	42.02	-0.484	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrDRM	Pt9g000560.2	2 094	697	78 513.03	5.26	75.35	50.29	-0.546	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrDNMT2	Pt1g006140.1	3 543	1 180	132 606.24	5.80	70.49	39.30	-0.580	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrROS1	Pt6g006730.1	5 889	1 962	218 463.80	6.91	68.59	48.65	-0.733	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrDML3	Pt8g006600.1	5 250	1 749	196 115.50	8.25	73.01	54.29	-0.689	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrDME	Pt4g018910.1	5 874	1 957	219 765.43	6.49	66.69	55.85	-0.763	细胞核 Nucleus

基因名称 Gene name	基因号 Gene ID	编码序列长度/bp CDS Length	氨基酸数 No. of amino acids	分子量/D Molecular weight	等电点 pI	脂溶性指数 Aliphatic index	不稳定系数 Instability index (II)	亲水性 Gravy	亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization
PtrMET1-1	Pt5g021700.1	5 247	1 748	196 887.65	6.18	78.07	40.18	-0.439	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrMET1-2	Pt7g014310.1	4 677	1 558	175 472.98	5.85	74.85	43.70	-0.502	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrMET1-3	PtUn014750.1	2 829	942	105 994.39	6.27	77.09	35.16	-0.433	细胞质 Cytosol
PtrMET1-4	PtUn014790.1	4 488	1 495	168 753.73	6.27	77.00	42.11	-0.469	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrMET1-5	PtUn014840.1	4 305	434	161 602.75	5.84	77.97	37.77	-0.392	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrMET1-6	PtUn030910.1	5 088	1 695	190 981.84	6.21	77.70	41.75	-0.434	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrCMT1	Pt2g001260.2	2 616	871	99 098.07	5.06	77.07	45.44	-0.569	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrCMT2	Pt5g018630.1	1 998	665	75 200.79	8.04	77.05	43.81	-0.437	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrCMT3	Pt5g023400.1	2 493	830	93 924.59	5.60	78.57	42.02	-0.484	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrDRM	Pt9g000560.2	2 094	697	78 513.03	5.26	75.35	50.29	-0.546	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrDNMT2	Pt1g006140.1	3 543	1 180	132 606.24	5.80	70.49	39.30	-0.580	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrROS1	Pt6g006730.1	5 889	1 962	218 463.80	6.91	68.59	48.65	-0.733	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrDML3	Pt8g006600.1	5 250	1 749	196 115.50	8.25	73.01	54.29	-0.689	细胞核 Nucleus
PtrDME	Pt4g018910.1	5 874	1 957	219 765.43	6.49	66.69	55.85	-0.763	细胞核 Nucleus

Genomic-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the DNA Methylation-Modifying Enzyme Genes in Poncirus trifoliata

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