Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Potato Yield and Nutrient Utilization

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-1022

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 1007-1019.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-1022

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Potato Yield and Nutrient Utilization

LIN Xi¹, DENG Zhenpeng¹, YANG Xinyue¹, ZHOU Keyou², YI Xiaoping¹, WANG Jichun¹^,^*()

¹ Chongqing Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Genetic Breeding，College of Agriculture and Biotechnology，Southwest University，Chongqing 400715，China
² Wuxi County Planting Industry Development Service Center，Chongqing 405800，China

Received:2024-11-19 Revised:2025-01-17 Online:2025-05-08 Published:2025-04-25
Contact: WANG Jichun

Abstract

Abstract:

In 2020 and 2021，a randomized block trial design was adopted，in which no fertilization control（CK），high-volume chemical fertilizer（T1），medium-volume chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer（T2），medium-volume chemical fertilizer（conventional fertilization by local farmers，T3），low-volume chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer（T4），low-volume chemical fertilizer（T5）and low-volume chemical fertilizer（T5）were adopted. Studied the changes and differences in potato yield，quality and nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium utilization efficiency. The results showed that the treatment of reducing chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer could significantly improved the utilization efficiency of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium nutrients in potato tubers，and significantly improved the soil organic matter content and the yield contribution rate of fertilizers，among which T2 treatment was the best. Declining chemical fertilizer will reduce the rate of commercial potato and the number of tubers per plant，which will affect the potato yield. However，organic fertilizer instead of moderate chemical fertilizer can alleviate the negative impact of declining chemical fertilizer on the yield，increase the rate of commercial potato and the number of tubers per plant，and increase the tuber yield. The highest yield of T2 was 18 810.35 kg · hm^-2. At the same time，the content of dry matter，starch，vitamin C and starch will also decrease with the decrease of chemical fertilizer，and the replacement of organic fertilizer can improve the quality decline. The treatment of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer can increase the content of dry matter，starch，vitamin C and soluble proteins of tuber more than that of single chemical fertilizer treatment，and the quality of T2 was the best. To sum up，the application of organic fertilizer can promote the utilization of nutrients，improve the yield and quality of potatoes.To sum up，the application of organic fertilizer promotes the utilization of nutrients，thus improving the yield and quality of potatoes. Under the same ecological conditions，the application of 750 kg compound fertilizer combined with 3 375 kg commercial organic fertilizer per hectare is more conducive to achieving high yield，high quality and high fertilizer utilization rate.

Key words: potato, fertilizer application rate, organic fertilizer substitution, yield, quality, nutrient utilization

LIN Xi, DENG Zhenpeng, YANG Xinyue, ZHOU Keyou, YI Xiaoping, WANG Jichun. Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Potato Yield and Nutrient Utilization[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(4): 1007-1019.

Figures/Tables 10

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年份 Year	mg · kg^-1			g · kg^-1				pH
年份 Year	碱解氮Alkaline nitrogen	速效钾Available Potassium	速效磷Available phosphorus	有机质Organic matter	全氮Total nitrogen	全磷Total phosphorus	全钾Total potassium	pH
2020	64.79	40.25	32.88	12.18	0.33	0.50	12.37	7.20
2021	60.20	44.04	30.01	12.02	0.41	0.36	11.00	6.99

年份 Year	mg · kg^-1			g · kg^-1				pH
年份 Year	碱解氮Alkaline nitrogen	速效钾Available Potassium	速效磷Available phosphorus	有机质Organic matter	全氮Total nitrogen	全磷Total phosphorus	全钾Total potassium	pH
2020	64.79	40.25	32.88	12.18	0.33	0.50	12.37	7.20
2021	60.20	44.04	30.01	12.02	0.41	0.36	11.00	6.99

处理 Treatment	复合化肥 Compound fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	有效氮磷钾总养分 Available nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium nutrients
不施肥对照No fertilization control（CK）	0	0	0
高量化肥High chemical fertilizer（T1）	1 125	0	506.25
中量化肥 + 有机肥Medium chemical + organic fertilizer（T2）	750	3 375	506.25
中量化肥Medium chemical fertilizer（T3）	750	0	337.50
低量化肥 + 有机肥Low chemical + organic fertilizer（T4）	375	3 375	337.50
低量化肥Low chemical fertilizer（T5）	375	0	168.75
单施有机肥Organic fertilizer（T6）	0	3 375	168.75

处理 Treatment	复合化肥 Compound fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	有效氮磷钾总养分 Available nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium nutrients
不施肥对照No fertilization control（CK）	0	0	0
高量化肥High chemical fertilizer（T1）	1 125	0	506.25
中量化肥 + 有机肥Medium chemical + organic fertilizer（T2）	750	3 375	506.25
中量化肥Medium chemical fertilizer（T3）	750	0	337.50
低量化肥 + 有机肥Low chemical + organic fertilizer（T4）	375	3 375	337.50
低量化肥Low chemical fertilizer（T5）	375	0	168.75
单施有机肥Organic fertilizer（T6）	0	3 375	168.75

处理 Treatment		年份 Year	产量/（kg ^. hm^-2） Total yield	商品薯率/% Commodity rate	单株结薯数 Tuber number per plant	单薯质量/g Single potato weight
不施肥对照 No fertilization control（CK）		2020	12 814.29 ± 642.86 e	67.58 ± 1.31 c	4.01 ± 0.03 d	53.19 ± 2.29 e
不施肥对照 No fertilization control（CK）		2021	6 370.00 ± 517.95 d	59.00 ± 2.73 e	3.40 ± 0.15 e	31.34 ± 3.93 e
高量化肥 High chemical fertilizer（T1）		2020	20 528.57 ± 42.86 bc	76.58 ± 0.38 b	5.14 ± 0.04 a	66.53 ± 0.69 d
高量化肥 High chemical fertilizer（T1）		2021	11 235.00 ± 301.12 b	78.86 ± 2.68 c	4.52 ± 0.08 b	41.47 ± 1.67 c
中量化肥 + 有机肥 Medium chemical + organic fertilizer（T2）		2020	23 485.71 ± 214.29 a	81.23 ± 0.77 a	5.19 ± 0.07 a	75.49 ± 0.35 b
中量化肥 + 有机肥 Medium chemical + organic fertilizer（T2）		2021	16 135.00 ± 1 199.47a	89.75 ± 3.77 a	5.30 ± 0.09 a	50.71 ± 2.92 a
中量化肥 Medium chemical fertilizer（T3）		2020	21 642.86 ± 385.71 b	69.62 ± 0.70 c	4.49 ± 0.09 b	80.42 ± 0.10 a
中量化肥 Medium chemical fertilizer（T3）		2021	11 575.00 ± 338.19 b	64.73 ± 3.52 d	4.30 ± 0.10 c	44.87 ± 1.25 bc
低量化肥 + 有机肥 Low chemical + organic fertilizer（T4）		2020	21 685.71 ± 257.14 b	79.78 ± 1.60 a	5.11 ± 0.03 a	70.67 ± 0.44 c
低量化肥 + 有机肥 Low chemical + organic fertilizer（T4）		2021	12 100.00 ± 153.95 b	84.54 ± 1.16 b	4.33 ± 0.10 c	46.56 ± 1.65 ab
低量化肥 Low chemical fertilizer（T5）		2020	19 414.29 ± 557.14 d	70.10 ± 0.15 c	4.44 ± 0.07 b	72.82 ± 0.92 bc
低量化肥 Low chemical fertilizer（T5）		2021	8 390.00 ± 279.15 c	66.48 ± 0.32 d	3.88 ± 0.03 d	36.02 ± 1.45 d
单施有机肥 Organic fertilizer（T6）		2020	18 685.71 ± 1200.00d	76.30 ± 3.35 b	4.30 ± 0.09 c	72.38 ± 3.21 c
单施有机肥 Organic fertilizer（T6）		2021	7 635.00 ± 286.18 c	66.37 ± 2.00 d	3.80 ± 0.09 d	33.50 ± 1.40 de
方差分析 ANOVA	年度Year（Y）		2 787.28^**	6.21^*	319.30^**	2 458.88^**
	处理Treat（T）		197.59^**	91.06^**	246.66^**	81.26^**
	Y × T		14.44^**	16.06^**	21.38^**	20.59^**

Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Potato Yield and Nutrient Utilization

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处理 Treatment		年份 Year	有机质/（g · kg^-1） Organic matter	碱解氮/（mg · kg^-1） Alkaline nitrogen	速效磷/（mg · kg^-1） Available phosphorus	速效钾/（mg · kg^-1） Available potassium
不施肥对照 No fertilization control（CK）		2020	12.91 ± 0.17 b	58.33 ± 2.38 d	23.36 ± 0.39 e	35.80 ± 3.95 e
不施肥对照 No fertilization control（CK）		2021	13.08 ± 0.51 b	52.27 ± 2.91 d	26.52 ± 1.54 d	37.46 ± 2.86 e
高量化肥 High chemical fertilizer（T1）		2020	12.91 ± 0.18 b	110.13 ± 6.99 a	59.80 ± 0.30 a	118.69 ± 3.27 a
高量化肥 High chemical fertilizer（T1）		2021	11.83 ± 0.23 c	107.33 ± 7.37 a	49.08 ± 0.45 a	154.13 ± 2.46 a
中量化肥 + 有机肥 Medium chemical + organic fertilizer（T2）		2020	16.07 ± 0.85 a	75.13 ± 1.47 c	27.91 ± 0.60 d	60.86 ± 6.88 c
中量化肥 + 有机肥 Medium chemical + organic fertilizer（T2）		2021	15.98 ± 0.38 a	66.50 ± 3.50 c	44.87 ± 2.07 b	73.25 ± 3.23 c
中量化肥 Medium chemical fertilizer（T3）		2020	12.44 ± 0.57 b	84.70 ± 4.56 b	36.21 ± 0.01 b	95.15 ± 4.87 b
中量化肥 Medium chemical fertilizer（T3）		2021	12.53 ± 0.25 bc	92.17 ± 5.06 b	43.36 ± 2.06 b	92.78 ± 3.23 b
低量化肥 + 有机肥 Low chemical + organic fertilizer（T4）		2020	15.67 ± 0.56 a	70.70 ± 4.26 c	27.77 ± 1.00 d	58.93 ± 5.74 c
低量化肥 + 有机肥 Low chemical + organic fertilizer（T4）		2021	16.12 ± 0.82 a	63.70 ± 4.85 c	32.46 ± 0.96 c	48.19 ± 2.65 d
低量化肥 Low chemical fertilizer（T5）		2020	12.89 ± 0.40 b	70.47 ± 2.72 c	30.20 ± 0.57 c	62.60 ± 5.38 c
低量化肥 Low chemical fertilizer（T5）		2021	12.89 ± 0.38 b	52.97 ± 5.70 d	44.88 ± 2.49 b	75.01 ± 3.34 c
单施有机肥 Organic fertilizer（T6）		2020	15.93 ± 0.59 a	67.33 ± 3.51 c	24.08 ± 0.30 e	46.00 ± 2.61 d
单施有机肥 Organic fertilizer（T6）		2021	15.28 ± 0.70 a	52.50 ± 3.50 d	28.61 ± 2.61 d	42.24 ± 8.39 de
方差分析 ANOVA	年度Year（Y）		0.99	25.73^**	181.73^**	21.00^**
	处理Treat（T）		664.67^**	106.65^**	314.03^**	339.98^**
	Y × T		1.54	4.95^**	63.24^**	17.06^**

处理Treatment		年份Year	N/（kg · kg^-1）	P/（kg · kg^-1）	K/（kg · kg^-1）
不施肥对照 No fertilization control（CK）		2020	289.42 ± 0.52 a	2 895.30 ± 92.08 a	176.09 ± 2.63 c
不施肥对照 No fertilization control（CK）		2021	159.81 ± 1.01 a	1 793.37 ± 328.40 a	83.92 ± 0.98 c
高量化肥 High chemical fertilizer（T1）		2020	210.33 ± 2.18 e	1 162.09 ± 37.19 d	185.16 ± 7.13 b
高量化肥 High chemical fertilizer（T1）		2021	108.60 ± 0.44 f	922.94 ± 135.89 e	85.65 ± 1.41 bc
中量化肥 + 有机肥 Medium chemical + organic fertilizer（T2）		2020	219.46 ± 0.95 d	1 493.40 ± 89.71 c	190.69 ± 0.00 b
中量化肥 + 有机肥 Medium chemical + organic fertilizer（T2）		2021	110.20 ± 0.88 f	1 059.81 ± 39.30 de	87.92 ± 1.21 b
中量化肥 Medium chemical fertilizer（T3）		2020	282.88 ± 1.78 b	1 580.16 ± 19.48 c	186.81 ± 5.65 b
中量化肥 Medium chemical fertilizer（T3）		2021	133.53 ± 1.47 d	1 337.83 ± 50.82 bcd	87.25 ± 0.76 b
低量化肥 + 有机肥 Low chemical + organic fertilizer（T4）		2020	285.43 ± 2.63 ab	1 900.21 ± 280.52 b	202.29 ± 3.07 a
低量化肥 + 有机肥 Low chemical + organic fertilizer（T4）		2021	141.23 ± 2.56 c	1 571.22 ± 66.77 ab	98.94 ± 2.12 a
低量化肥 Low chemical fertilizer（T5）		2020	243.32 ± 2.06 c	1 502.89 ± 51.79 c	159.77 ± 2.02 d
低量化肥 Low chemical fertilizer（T5）		2021	125.91 ± 0.16 e	1 220.02 ± 75.23 cd	64.83 ± 1.49 e
单施有机肥 Organic fertilizer（T6）		2020	287.87 ± 4.72 a	1 798.45 ± 82.05 b	173.41 ± 3.05 c
单施有机肥 Organic fertilizer（T6）		2021	146.79 ± 0.49 b	1 462.56 ± 71.16 bc	81.13 ± 0.34 d
方差分析 ANOVA	年度Year（Y）		44 731.57^**	104.63^**	11 320.08^**
	处理Treat（T）		1 089.48^**	58.22^**	94.90^**
	Y × T		133.89^**	7.83^**	3.72^**

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