Abstract: Numeric dynamics of Paeonia rockii ssp. atava population in Tongchuan of Ziwu Mountains and Paeonia rockii ssp. rockii population in Baoji of Qinling Mountains，were studied using the static life table，the age structure of population，the curves of survival rate，the mortality rate and the fecundity schedule of population. It indicates that the P. rockii ssp. atava underwent environmental screening during its first 3 years and competitive self-thinning at the age between 9 to 15 years，the physiological life span of the species was about 11 years，and its maximum life span was about 30 years. The survival rate of P. rockii ssp. atava population exhibits as the Deevey-Ⅰtype，that population of the species belongs to the type of increase. However，the P. rockii ssp. Rockii underwent very strong environmental screening during its first 3 years and the death rate of population is very high after 3 years，the physiological life span of the species was about 9 years，and its maximum life span was about 24 years. The survival rate of P. rockii ssp. Rockii population exhibits as the Deevey-Ⅱ type，that population of the species belongs to the type of decline. The possible factors leading to the numeric dynamics differences of two allopatric subspecies of Paeonia rockii are it’s the reproductive capacity，the population size，theecological adaptability and the disturbances from human activities.

Key words: Paeonia rockii, population, life table, survival curve