几种菊属植物及其种间杂种减数分裂行为观察

园艺学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 1033-1038.

几种菊属植物及其种间杂种减数分裂行为观察

崔娜欣;陈发棣^*;赵宏波;房伟民;汪舟明

(南京农业大学园艺学院, 江苏南京210095)

收稿日期:2005-11-18 修回日期:2006-01-23 出版日期:2006-10-25 发布日期:2006-10-25

Research on Meiosis of Some Dendranthem a Species and Their Hybrids

Cui Naxin;Chen Fadi^*;Zhao Hongbo;Fang Weimin;Wang Zhouming

(College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China)

Received:2005-11-18 Revised:2006-01-23 Online:2006-10-25 Published:2006-10-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对菊花脑〔D. nankingense ( 2x) 〕、甘菊〔D. lavandulifilium ( 2x) 〕、四倍体菊花脑〔D.nankingense (4x) 〕、‘滁菊’〔D. morifolium ‘Chuju’ (6x) 〕、‘黄英’〔D. morifolium ‘Huangying’ (6x) 〕及其部分种间杂种减数分裂过程染色体行为进行研究。结果表明: 二倍体的菊花脑和甘菊减数分裂中期Ⅰ(MⅠ) 每个花粉母细胞( PMC) 平均染色体配对构型分别为0.83Ⅰ + 8.58Ⅱ和1.50Ⅰ + 8.25Ⅱ; 四倍体菊花脑PMCMⅠ染色体配对构型为2.64Ⅰ + 13.35Ⅱ + 1.03Ⅲ + 0.93Ⅳ; 六倍体‘滁菊’和‘黄英’PMCMⅠ染色体配对构型分别为0.48Ⅰ + 26.09Ⅱ + 0.33Ⅳ和1.09Ⅰ + 25.18Ⅱ + 0.18Ⅲ + 0.50Ⅳ, 是两个已经二倍体化的异源六倍体。菊花脑×甘菊的杂种F₁ PMCMⅠ染色体配对构型为1.61Ⅰ + 8.19Ⅱ; 四倍体菊花脑×菊花脑、菊花脑×四倍体菊花脑杂种F₁ PMCMⅠ染色体配对构型分别为3.42Ⅰ + 8.34Ⅱ + 1.53Ⅲ +0.58Ⅳ和3.62Ⅰ + 8.31Ⅱ + 1.50 Ⅲ + 0.56Ⅳ; 菊花脑×‘黄英’、‘黄英’ ×菊花脑和甘菊×‘黄英’、‘黄英’ ×甘菊正反交杂种F₁ PMCMⅠ染色体配对构型分别为0.30Ⅰ + 16.45Ⅱ + 0.70Ⅳ、0.29Ⅰ + 16.07Ⅱ + 0.89Ⅳ、0.63Ⅰ + 16.32Ⅱ + 0.68Ⅳ和0.47Ⅰ + 16.38Ⅱ + 0.65Ⅳ + 0.03Ⅵ; 四倍体菊花脑×‘滁菊’杂种F₁ PMCMⅠ染色体配对构型为3.59Ⅰ + 18.03Ⅱ + 0.98Ⅲ + 0.52Ⅳ + 0.07Ⅴ。由减数分裂行为可以看出菊花脑和甘菊亲缘关系较近, 菊花脑和甘菊及其近缘种可能是栽培菊花的1个染色体组供体; 菊属3个染色体组间分化程度较低, 彼此亲缘关系较近, 且部分染色体可能存在易位等结构变异, 或菊属内广泛存在促进配对的基因。

关键词: 菊属, 种间杂种, 减数分裂, 亲缘关系

Abstract: Meiosis behaviors of D. nankingense ( 2x) , D. lavandulifilium ( 2x) , D. nankingense(4x) , D. morifolium ‘Chuju’ (6x) , D. morifolium ‘Huangying’ (6x) and part of interspeicific hybrids between them were studied. The results were concluded as following: The chromosome pairing configuration in meiosis MI per PMC of diploid D. nankingens and D. lavandulifilium was 0.83Ⅰ + 8.58Ⅱ and 1.50Ⅰ+8.25Ⅱ, respectively. The chromosome pairing configuration in meiosis MⅠ per PMC of tetraploid D. nankingense (4x) was 2.64Ⅰ + 13.35Ⅱ + 1.03Ⅲ + 0.93Ⅳ. The chromosome pairing configuration in meiosis MⅠ per PMC of hexaploid D. morifolium ‘Chuju’and D. morifolium ‘Huangying’were 0.48Ⅰ + 26.09Ⅱ+ 0.33Ⅳ and 1.09Ⅰ + 25.18Ⅱ + 0.18Ⅲ + 0.50Ⅳ, respectively, which elucidated that they were two allohexaploids with diploidization meiotic behavior, as well, there were structural changes as translocation on some
chromosomes. The chromosome pairing configuration in meiosis MⅠ per PMC of D. nankingense ×D. lavandulifilium was 1.61Ⅰ + 8.19Ⅱ. Chromosome configuration per PMC in MⅠ was 3.42Ⅰ + 8.34Ⅱ + 1.53Ⅲ+ 0.58Ⅳ in F₁ hybrids of D. nankingense (4x) ×D. nankingense (2x) and 3.62Ⅰ + 8.31Ⅱ + 1.50Ⅲ +0.56Ⅳ in that of D. nankingense (2x) ×D. nankingense (4x). Meiotic association per PMC in MⅠ of F₁hybrids of D. nankingens ×D. morifolium ‘Huangying’, D. morifolium ‘Huangying’ ×D. nankingens,D. lavandulifilium ×D. morifolium ‘Huangying’and D. morifolium ‘Huangying’ ×D. lavandulifilium were 0.30Ⅰ + 16.45Ⅱ + 0.70Ⅳ, 0.29Ⅰ + 16.07Ⅱ + 0.89Ⅳ, 0.63Ⅰ + 16.32Ⅱ + 0.68Ⅳ and 0.47Ⅰ + 16.38Ⅱ + 0.65Ⅳ + 0.03Ⅵ, respectively. Chromosome configuration in meiosis MⅠ per PMC of F₁ hybrids of D. nankingense (4x) ×D. morifolium ‘Chuju’was 3.59Ⅰ + 18.03Ⅱ + 0.98 Ⅲ + 0.52Ⅳ + 0.07Ⅴ.The results indicated that the genetic relationship between D. nankingense and D. lavandulifilium was closely,and D. nankingense, D. lavandulifilium or some of their relatives were the pregenitor of one genome of cultivating chrysanthemum. The degree of differentiation of three genomes in genus Dendranthema was low and the homology of the three genomes was high. Meanwhile, Structural changes such as translocation were likely to
happen in some chromosomes, and pairing-promotion genes existed in genus Dendranthem a widely.

Key words: Dendranthema, Interspecific hybrids, Meiosis, Genetic relationship

中图分类号:

S 682.1

崔娜欣;陈发棣;赵宏波;房伟民;汪舟明. 几种菊属植物及其种间杂种减数分裂行为观察[J]. 园艺学报, 2006, 33(5): 1033-1038.

Cui Naxin;Chen Fadi;Zhao Hongbo;Fang Weimin;Wang Zhouming. Research on Meiosis of Some Dendranthem a Species and Their Hybrids[J]. ACTA HORTICULTURAE SINICA, 2006, 33(5): 1033-1038.

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