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园艺学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 1895-1904.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0222

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

天然四倍体枇杷‘B431’减数分裂观察及育性分析

梁森林,党江波,梁国鲁,郭启高*   

  1. 西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆 400715
  • 出版日期:2018-10-25 发布日期:2018-10-25
  • 基金资助:

    重庆市科委重点研发项目(cstc2017shms-zdyfx0058);国家林业局中央财政林业推广项目(渝林科推2016-03);重庆市林业局攻关项目(渝林科研2016-10)

Meiosis Observation and Fertility Analysis in Natural Tetraploid Loquat of ‘B431’

LIANG Senlin,DANG Jiangbo,LIANG Guolu,and GUO Qigao*   

  1. College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Southwest Univesity,Chongqing 400715,China
  • Online:2018-10-25 Published:2018-10-25

摘要:

通过流式细胞术和染色体制片确定枇杷天然实生筛选株系‘B431’为四倍体。采用改良涂片法观察了其花粉母细胞减数分裂过程,离体萌发法和人工杂交分析其育性,染色体计数法检测了其后代的染色体数。结果表明:天然四倍体枇杷‘B431’减数分裂过程中染色体存在异常行为;染色体配对以二价体为主,也可见少量单价体和部分多价体;减数分裂进程中出现板外染色体、早熟染色体、落后染色体、染色体桥、微核和极少的三极体等异常现象;四分体时期有二分体、三分体、多分体和微核等异常现象。四倍体枇杷‘B431’育性低于二倍体,但其花粉活力达到66.29% ± 2.22%,杂交结实率与二倍体差异不显著,仍有较高的育性,其与二倍体的杂交后代三倍体率达到66.67%,可以作为三倍体创制的核心亲本。

关键词: 枇杷, 四倍体, 三倍体, 减数分裂, 花粉活力, 杂交, 倍性

Abstract:

The ploidy of‘B431’loquat was determined by flow cytometry and chromosome production in this study. The meiotic process of Pollen Mother Cells(PMCs)of‘B431’was observed by modified smear method,the fertility was determined by pollen germination in vitro and artificial hybridization,and the chromosome number of hybrid progenies was counted by chromosome production. The results showed that‘B431’had abnormal chromosome behavior during meiosis,such as out-of-plate chromosomes,precocious chromosomes,laggard chromosomes,chromosome bridges,micronuclei,and few triodes. The chromosome association at the diakinesis was mainly bivalents,a small quantity of univalents and patitial multivalents. There were dyads,triads,polyads and micronuclei in the tetrad. The fertility of tetraploid loquat of‘B431’was less than diploid,but with still higher fertility. There was no significant difference in fruit setting rate between‘B431’and diploid,and its pollen in vigor reached 66.29% ± 2.22%. The hybrids of‘B431’hybridized with diploid which was mainly triploid,and it reached 66.67%.‘B431’could be used to create triploid loquat.

Key words: loquat, tetraploid, triploidy, meiosis, pollen viablity, hybrid;ploidy

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