牡丹96个品种表型多样性分析与观赏性综合评价

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0412

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以西北农林科技大学种植的96个牡丹品种为研究对象，采用表型多样性分析、相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析等方法对其长势、新生枝长度及花期等表型进行多样性分析与观赏性综合评价。结果表明：15个表型性状的多样性指数范围在0.56 ~ 2.03之间，变异系数11.84% ~ 53.82%，花径的表型多样性指数最高，单株着花数的变异系数最大；植株高度、长势、花径、新生枝粗度和群体花期与其他性状存在极显著相关关系；聚类分析将96个牡丹品种分为三大类群，可分别应用于不同园林类型；主成分分析将表型性状因子简化为5个主成分，累计贡献率达64.69%，新生枝粗度、植株高度、群体花期和单株着花数是牡丹表型变异的主要因素；96份牡丹品种以综合得分排序，前10名的得分范围在0.66 ~ 1.18之间，筛选出‘玉板白’‘岛锦’‘海黄’‘黄冠’‘多花罗汉’等综合性状表现优异的品种。

关键词: 牡丹, 种质资源, 表型性状, 多样性, 综合评价

Abstract:

In this study，ninety-six tree peony cultivars planted in Northwest A & F University were selected as the research objects. Phenotypic diversity analysis，correlation analysis，cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the phenotypic diversity analysis and ornamental comprehensive evaluation of tree peony growth，new branch length and flowering time. The results showed that the diversity index of 15 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.56 to 2.03，and the coefficient of variation ranged from 11.84% to 53.82%. The phenotypic diversity of flower diameter was the highest，and the coefficient of variation of flower number per plant was the highest. Plant height，growth，flower diameter，new branch thickness and population flowering time were significantly correlated with other traits；Ninety-six tree peony varieties were divided into three groups by cluster analysis，and different groups corresponded to different types of garden applications. Principal component analysis simplified phenotypic trait factors into five principal components，with a cumulative contribution rate of 64.69%. New branch thickness，plant height，population flowering time and number of flowers per plant were the main factors of phenotypic variation of tree peony. The ninety-six tree peony varieties were sorted by comprehensive scores，and the top 10 cultivars had scores ranging from 0.66 to 1.18，and the cultivars with excellent comprehensive traits such as‘Yubanbai’‘Shima Nishiki’‘High Noon’‘Okan’and‘Duohua Luohan’were selected according to the comprehensive scores.

Key words: tree peony, germplasm resources, phenotypic traits, diversity, comprehensive evaluation

智慧, 杨菁菁, 罗建让. 牡丹96个品种表型多样性分析与观赏性综合评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(3): 635-645.

ZHI Hui, YANG Jingjing, LUO Jianrang. Phenotypic Diversity Analysis and Ornamental Comprehensive Evaluation of Ninety-six Tree Peony Cultivars Based on Landscape Application[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(3): 635-645.

图/表 8

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来源 Origin	编号 No.	品种 Cultivar	来源 Origin	编号 No.	品种 Cultivar	来源 Origin	编号 No.	品种 Cultivar
中国 China	1	紫二乔Zierqiao	中国 China	41	云蒸霞蔚Yunzheng Xiawei	中国China	79	锦绣球Jinxiuqiu
	2	首案红Shouanhong		43	飞雁凌空Feiyan Lingkong		80	烟红金波Yanhong Jinbo
	3	鲁菏红Luhehong		44	粉蓝盘Fenlanpan		81	春雪Chunxue
	4	菱花湛露Linghua Zhanlu		45	紫线界玉Zixian Jieyu		82	墨玉Moyu
	5	银红巧对Yinhong Qiaodui		46	红霞映月Hongxia Yingyue		83	玉板白Yubanbai
	6	佳丽Jiali		47	紫云Ziyun		84	墨池金辉Mochi Jinhui
	7	多花罗汉Duohua Luohan		48	葛巾紫Geijinzi		85	金桂飘香Jingui Piaoxiang
	8	万叠云峰Wandie Yunfeng		49	层中笑Cengzhongxiao		86	香玉Xiangyu
	10	天香紫Tianxiangzi		50	珠光墨润Zhuguang Morun		87	百园红霞Baiyuan Hongxia
	12	正红一品Zhenghong Yipin		51	鸦片紫Yapianzi		88	五星红Wuxinghong
	13	彩绘Caihui		52	紫红争艳Zihong Zhengyan		89	蓝芙蓉Lanfurong
	14	黄金翠Huangjincui		55	俊艳红Junyanhong		90	紫霞冠Zixiaguan
	16	紫凤朝阳Zifeng Chaoyang		56	红玉Hongyu		91	曹州红Caozhouhong
	17	凤蝉娇Fengchanjiao		57	丛中笑Congzhongxiao		92	春红娇艳Chunhong Jiaoyan
	18	翡翠荷花Feicui Hehua		60	粉中冠Fenzhongguan		93	大富贵Dafugui
	19	唇红Chunhong		61	百园红Baiyuanhong		96	琉璃贯珠Liuli guanzhu
	20	稀叶紫Xiyezi		62	绿幕隐玉Lümu Yinyu	日本Japan	9	岛大臣Shimadaijin
	21	满园春光Manyuan Chunguang		63	富贵满堂Fugui Mantang		15	花竟Hanakisoi
	22	群芳殿Qunfangdian		64	凤丹Fengdan		25	芳纪Hohki
	23	冰凌子Binglingzi		65	冠群芳Guanqunfang		31	日暮Higurashi
	26	花二乔Huaerqiao		66	如花似玉Ruhua Siyu		33	黄冠Okan
	27	古城春色Gucheng Chunse		67	贵妃插绿Guifei Chalü		37	太阳Taiyoh
	28	洛阳红Luoyanghong		68	月宫烛光Yuegong Zhuguang		42	岛锦Shima Nishiki
	29	紫蝶飞舞Zidie Feiwu		69	飞燕红妆Feiyan Hongzhuang		53	莲鹤Renkaku
	30	赛珠盘Saizhupan		70	白鹤展翅Baihe Zhanchi		54	初乌Hatsugarasu
	32	气壮山河Qizhuang Shanhe		71	少女裙Shaonüqun		58	日月锦Jitsugetsu Nishiki
	34	平湖秋月Pinghu Qiuyue		72	锦袍红Qinpaohong		73	旭港Asahi-minato
	35	大红宝珠Dahong Baozhu		74	朱砂垒Zhushalei		94	花王Kaoh
	36	朝衣Zhaoyi		75	彩霞Caixia	法国France	11	金阁Souvenir de Maxime Cornu
	38	紫云芳Ziyunfang		76	乌云集盛Wuyun Jisheng		24	金郅Chromatella
	39	锦铂红Jinbohong		77	雨后风光Yuhou Fengguang		95	金晃Alice Harding
	40	黄金时代Huangjin Shidai		78	乌龙捧胜Wulong Pengsheng	美国America	59	海黄High Noon

来源 Origin	编号 No.	品种 Cultivar	来源 Origin	编号 No.	品种 Cultivar	来源 Origin	编号 No.	品种 Cultivar
中国 China	1	紫二乔Zierqiao	中国 China	41	云蒸霞蔚Yunzheng Xiawei	中国China	79	锦绣球Jinxiuqiu
	2	首案红Shouanhong		43	飞雁凌空Feiyan Lingkong		80	烟红金波Yanhong Jinbo
	3	鲁菏红Luhehong		44	粉蓝盘Fenlanpan		81	春雪Chunxue
	4	菱花湛露Linghua Zhanlu		45	紫线界玉Zixian Jieyu		82	墨玉Moyu
	5	银红巧对Yinhong Qiaodui		46	红霞映月Hongxia Yingyue		83	玉板白Yubanbai
	6	佳丽Jiali		47	紫云Ziyun		84	墨池金辉Mochi Jinhui
	7	多花罗汉Duohua Luohan		48	葛巾紫Geijinzi		85	金桂飘香Jingui Piaoxiang
	8	万叠云峰Wandie Yunfeng		49	层中笑Cengzhongxiao		86	香玉Xiangyu
	10	天香紫Tianxiangzi		50	珠光墨润Zhuguang Morun		87	百园红霞Baiyuan Hongxia
	12	正红一品Zhenghong Yipin		51	鸦片紫Yapianzi		88	五星红Wuxinghong
	13	彩绘Caihui		52	紫红争艳Zihong Zhengyan		89	蓝芙蓉Lanfurong
	14	黄金翠Huangjincui		55	俊艳红Junyanhong		90	紫霞冠Zixiaguan
	16	紫凤朝阳Zifeng Chaoyang		56	红玉Hongyu		91	曹州红Caozhouhong
	17	凤蝉娇Fengchanjiao		57	丛中笑Congzhongxiao		92	春红娇艳Chunhong Jiaoyan
	18	翡翠荷花Feicui Hehua		60	粉中冠Fenzhongguan		93	大富贵Dafugui
	19	唇红Chunhong		61	百园红Baiyuanhong		96	琉璃贯珠Liuli guanzhu
	20	稀叶紫Xiyezi		62	绿幕隐玉Lümu Yinyu	日本Japan	9	岛大臣Shimadaijin
	21	满园春光Manyuan Chunguang		63	富贵满堂Fugui Mantang		15	花竟Hanakisoi
	22	群芳殿Qunfangdian		64	凤丹Fengdan		25	芳纪Hohki
	23	冰凌子Binglingzi		65	冠群芳Guanqunfang		31	日暮Higurashi
	26	花二乔Huaerqiao		66	如花似玉Ruhua Siyu		33	黄冠Okan
	27	古城春色Gucheng Chunse		67	贵妃插绿Guifei Chalü		37	太阳Taiyoh
	28	洛阳红Luoyanghong		68	月宫烛光Yuegong Zhuguang		42	岛锦Shima Nishiki
	29	紫蝶飞舞Zidie Feiwu		69	飞燕红妆Feiyan Hongzhuang		53	莲鹤Renkaku
	30	赛珠盘Saizhupan		70	白鹤展翅Baihe Zhanchi		54	初乌Hatsugarasu
	32	气壮山河Qizhuang Shanhe		71	少女裙Shaonüqun		58	日月锦Jitsugetsu Nishiki
	34	平湖秋月Pinghu Qiuyue		72	锦袍红Qinpaohong		73	旭港Asahi-minato
	35	大红宝珠Dahong Baozhu		74	朱砂垒Zhushalei		94	花王Kaoh
	36	朝衣Zhaoyi		75	彩霞Caixia	法国France	11	金阁Souvenir de Maxime Cornu
	38	紫云芳Ziyunfang		76	乌云集盛Wuyun Jisheng		24	金郅Chromatella
	39	锦铂红Jinbohong		77	雨后风光Yuhou Fengguang		95	金晃Alice Harding
	40	黄金时代Huangjin Shidai		78	乌龙捧胜Wulong Pengsheng	美国America	59	海黄High Noon

性状 Trait	分级标准Description of grading
性状 Trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
长势（年生长量）/cm Annual growth	弱（< 5） Weak	中（6 ~ 9） Medium	强（> 10） Strong
株型（枝条角度）/° Plant type（Branch angle）	直立（< 30）Upright	半开张（30 ~ 50）Semi-open	开张（> 50） Open
分枝能力（分枝数）Branching capacity（Branch number）	弱（< 10） Weak	中（10 ~ 20）Medium	强（> 50） Strong
花枝直立性 Uprightness of flowering branches	弯曲 Bend	斜伸 Tilt	挺直Upright
花显示度 Flower display	低于叶面Below the leaf surface	平于叶面Level with the leaf surface	高于叶面Above leaf surface
花朵姿态Flower posture	下垂Drooping	侧开Laterally open	直立Upright
花色Flower color	洁白 Pure whtie	黄色 Yellow	浅粉紫 Pale pinkish	粉紫 Pinkish pruple	深粉紫Deep pruple	浅紫红 Light purple red	深紫红 Deep purple red	深红 Deep red	复色 Polychromatic
花香（平均分）Flower fragrance（Average score）	无香（1 ~ 1.5） No fragrance	淡香（1.6 ~ 2.5） Light fragrance	中香（2.6 ~ 3.5）Medium fragrance	浓香（3.6 ~ 4）Strong fragrance

性状 Trait	分级标准Description of grading
性状 Trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
长势（年生长量）/cm Annual growth	弱（< 5） Weak	中（6 ~ 9） Medium	强（> 10） Strong
株型（枝条角度）/° Plant type（Branch angle）	直立（< 30）Upright	半开张（30 ~ 50）Semi-open	开张（> 50） Open
分枝能力（分枝数）Branching capacity（Branch number）	弱（< 10） Weak	中（10 ~ 20）Medium	强（> 50） Strong
花枝直立性 Uprightness of flowering branches	弯曲 Bend	斜伸 Tilt	挺直Upright
花显示度 Flower display	低于叶面Below the leaf surface	平于叶面Level with the leaf surface	高于叶面Above leaf surface
花朵姿态Flower posture	下垂Drooping	侧开Laterally open	直立Upright
花色Flower color	洁白 Pure whtie	黄色 Yellow	浅粉紫 Pale pinkish	粉紫 Pinkish pruple	深粉紫Deep pruple	浅紫红 Light purple red	深紫红 Deep purple red	深红 Deep red	复色 Polychromatic
花香（平均分）Flower fragrance（Average score）	无香（1 ~ 1.5） No fragrance	淡香（1.6 ~ 2.5） Light fragrance	中香（2.6 ~ 3.5）Medium fragrance	浓香（3.6 ~ 4）Strong fragrance

性状Trait	分布百分比/% Distribution percentage									变异系数/% CV	多样性指数 H′
性状Trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	变异系数/% CV	多样性指数 H′
长势Growth	5.21	26.04	68.75							22.10	0.76
株型Plant type	71.88	28.13								35.28	0.59
分枝能力Branching capacity	23.96	52.08	23.96							34.79	1.02
花枝直立性Uprightness of flowering branches	33.33	66.67								17.77	0.63
花显示度Flower display	9.38	28.13	62.50							26.24	0.87
花姿Flower posture	6.25	10.42	83.33							19.93	0.56
花色Flower color	10.42	6.25	10.42	5.21	4.17	11.46	42.71	5.21	4.17	46.69	1.83
花香Flower fragrance	11.46	23.96	46.88	17.71						32.99	1.25