宁夏地区葡萄灰霉病菌的多样性及致病力分化

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0210

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究宁夏地区葡萄灰霉病病原菌灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）种群表型、基因型多样性和致病性差异，从宁夏地区6个葡萄产区采集罹病样品，共分离纯化获得125个葡萄灰霉病菌菌株。通过比较各菌株的菌落生长速率、产孢量和菌核特征，进行形态划分，通过Bc-hch序列扩增和酶切多态性分析，明确其种群分类，同时利用Flipper和Boty的特异性引物鉴定不同菌株的转座子基因型，然后测定不同菌株对‘红地球’葡萄的致病力。结果表明：125个菌株可分为菌丝型和菌核型两大类，其中菌丝型菌株94个，占75.2%，包括6个亚表型；菌核型菌株31个，占24.8%，包括5个亚表型。所有菌株，通过Bc-hch序列扩增及酶切多态性分析得出均属于GroupⅡ，转座子基因型有Transposa、Boty和Flipper，其中Transposa型有99株，占79%；按致病力分为很强、强、中等和弱4个等级，很强的占比最大，为37.6%。

关键词: 葡萄, 灰霉病, 灰葡萄孢, 多样性, 致病力

Abstract:

To investigate the population phenotype，genotype diversity，and pathogenicity differences of Botrytis cinerea，the pathogen of grape gray mold in Ningxia，125 strains of B. cinerea were isolated and purified from diseased samples collected from six grape producing areas in Ningxia. By comparing the colony growth rate，spore production，and sclerotial characteristics of various strains，morphological classification was carried out. The population classification was clarified through Bc-hch sequence amplification and enzyme digestion polymorphism analysis. At the same time，Flipper and Boty specific primers were used to identify the transposon genotypes of different strains，and then the pathogenicity of different strains to‘Red Earth’grapes was determined. The results showed that 125 strains can be divided into two categories：hyphal type and fungal nuclear type. Among them，there are 94 hyphal type strains，accounting for 75.2%，including 6 sub phenotypes；There are 31 strains of sclerotic bacteria，accounting for 24.8%，including 5 sub phenotypes. All strains were identified as belonging to Group II through Bc-hch sequence amplification and enzyme digestion polymorphism analysis. The transposon genotypes included Transposa，Boty，and Flipper，with 99 strains of Transposa genotype，accounting for 79%；According to pathogenicity，it is divided into four levels：very strong，strong，moderate，and weak. The highest proportion is very strong，accounting for 37.6%.

Key words: grape, gray mold, Botrytis cinerea, diversity, pathogenicity

李晓庆, 闫思远, 顾沛雯. 宁夏地区葡萄灰霉病菌的多样性及致病力分化[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(2): 481-490.

LI Xiaoqing, YAN Siyuan, GU Peiwen. Diversity and Pathogenicity Differentiation of Botrytis cinerea in Ningxia[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(2): 481-490.

图/表 11

参考文献 26

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采样地 Sampling site	葡萄品种 Grape variety	菌株编号 Strain number	菌株数 Number of strains
石嘴山贺东庄园 Hedong Chateau，Shizuishan	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽、西拉和维多利亚 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay，Syrah and Victoria	HM1 ~ HM21	21
贺兰志辉源石酒庄 Zhihui Yuanshi Chateau，Helan	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽和西拉 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay and Syrah	HM22 ~ HM45	24
银川森淼兰月谷酒庄 Senmiao Lan Yue Gu Chateau，Yinchuan	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽、红地球和维多利亚 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay，Red Earth and Victoria	HM46 ~ HM69	24
永宁立兰酒庄 Lilan Chateau，Yongning	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽、西拉、红地球和维多利亚 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay，Syrah，Red Earth and Victoria	HM70 ~ HM94	25
青铜峡西鸽酒庄 Xige Estate，Qingtongxia	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽和红地球 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay and Red Earth	HM95 ~ HM113	19
红寺堡汇达酒庄 Huida Chateau，Hongsipu	赤霞珠和美乐 Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot	HM114 ~ HM125	12

采样地 Sampling site	葡萄品种 Grape variety	菌株编号 Strain number	菌株数 Number of strains
石嘴山贺东庄园 Hedong Chateau，Shizuishan	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽、西拉和维多利亚 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay，Syrah and Victoria	HM1 ~ HM21	21
贺兰志辉源石酒庄 Zhihui Yuanshi Chateau，Helan	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽和西拉 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay and Syrah	HM22 ~ HM45	24
银川森淼兰月谷酒庄 Senmiao Lan Yue Gu Chateau，Yinchuan	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽、红地球和维多利亚 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay，Red Earth and Victoria	HM46 ~ HM69	24
永宁立兰酒庄 Lilan Chateau，Yongning	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽、西拉、红地球和维多利亚 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay，Syrah，Red Earth and Victoria	HM70 ~ HM94	25
青铜峡西鸽酒庄 Xige Estate，Qingtongxia	赤霞珠、美乐、霞多丽和红地球 Cabernet Sauvignon，Merlot，chardonnay and Red Earth	HM95 ~ HM113	19
红寺堡汇达酒庄 Huida Chateau，Hongsipu	赤霞珠和美乐 Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot	HM114 ~ HM125	12

目的基因 Target gene	序列 Sequence	片段大小/bp Fragment size
Flipper	F：5′-GCACAAAACCTACAGAAGA-3′；R：5′-ATTCGTTTCTTGGACTGTA-3′	1 842
Boty	F：5′-CCCAATTTATTCAATGTCAGCC-3′；R：5′-GTCCGTCTCCACTATGATTTCTTT-3′	596
Bc-hch	F-262：5′-AAGCCCTTCGATGTCTTGGA-3′；R-520L：5′-ACGGATTCCGAACTAAGTAA-3′	1 171

目的基因 Target gene	序列 Sequence	片段大小/bp Fragment size
Flipper	F：5′-GCACAAAACCTACAGAAGA-3′；R：5′-ATTCGTTTCTTGGACTGTA-3′	1 842
Boty	F：5′-CCCAATTTATTCAATGTCAGCC-3′；R：5′-GTCCGTCTCCACTATGATTTCTTT-3′	596
Bc-hch	F-262：5′-AAGCCCTTCGATGTCTTGGA-3′；R-520L：5′-ACGGATTCCGAACTAAGTAA-3′	1 171

等级 Level	范围/（mm · d^-1） Range	菌株数 Number of isolates	占比/% Ratio
快Fast	15.01 ~ 20.57	26	20.8
中medium	10.01 ~ 15.00	76	60.8
慢slow	5.00 ~ 10.00	23	18.4