外源水溶性β-葡聚糖对‘贵人香’葡萄果实糖苷酶及香气品质的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-1237

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究水溶性β-葡聚糖对酿酒葡萄‘贵人香’果实品质的影响，于花后53和60 d分别全冠喷施质量浓度为0（对照）、300、400、500 mg ∙ L^-1的水溶性β-葡聚糖溶液，在花后60、67和95 d采样，研究不同处理对浆果理化指标、糖苷酶及挥发性化合物的影响。结果表明：喷施水溶性β-葡聚糖溶液后，不同采样期浆果中pH、可溶性固形物、总糖、总酚、总游离氨基酸和酵母可同化氮含量，与对照相比均有提高，其中400 mg ∙ L^-1处理的影响最显著，上述指标较对照分别增加7.02%、18.99%、18.75%、8.55%、35.96%和17.05%；同时，不同采样期葡萄皮中β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性、二糖苷酶活性、挥发性化合物含量和种类较对照均显著增加，其中400 mg ∙ L^-1处理葡萄果实β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性较对照增加38.01%，3种二糖苷酶总活性增加28.72%，挥发性化合物含量增加31.18%；除正己醛和2-己烯醛外，其他标志性差异挥发性化合物的含量与糖苷酶活性之间均呈现正相关关系。香气特征分析显示，400 mg ∙ L^-1处理的果实果香、花香、甜香味显著高于对照。综合分析，外源性喷施400 mg ∙ L^-1水溶性β-葡聚糖对提升‘贵人香’葡萄果实品质具有积极效应。

关键词: 酿酒葡萄, 水溶性β-葡聚糖, 糖苷酶, 挥发性化合物

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of water-soluble β-glucans on the fruit quality of‘Italian Riesling’grape，aqueous solutions of β-glucans at different doses（0，300，400 and 500 mg ∙ L^-1）were sprayed at 53 and 63 days after flowering. Grape berries were randomly collected at the 60，67，and 95 days after flowering respectively to investigate the dynamic changes in basic physicochemical parameters，glycosidase activities and volatile compounds during fruits ripening. Results showed that the application of exogenous water-soluble β-glucans improved the content of pH，soluble solids，total sugar，total polyphenols，total free amino acids and yeast assimilable nitrogen，especially in 400 mg ∙ L^-1water-soluble β-glucans treated mature grapes，and was 7.02%，18.99%，18.75%，8.55%，35.96% and 17.05% higher than those observed in the control sample. Meanwhile，β-glucans spraying on grapevines significantly increased the activity of β-D-glucosidase，disaccharidases，as well as the contents and types of volatile compounds in grape skins collected at different sampling periods（P < 0.05）. Compared to the control，the activity of β-D-glucosidase，the total activity of three disaccharidases and concentrations of aroma compounds in grapes that received 400 mg ∙ L^-1β-glucans increased by 38.01%，28.72% and 31.18%，respectively. Except for n-hexanal and 2-hexenal，the content of other marker differential volatile compounds showed a positive correlation with glycosidase activity. Additionally，grapes treated with 400 mg ∙ L^-1β-glucans presented an advantage of development of fruity，flowery and sweet flavour. Taken together，applying 400 mg ∙ L^-1water-soluble β-glucans to the whole vine canopy had positive effects on berry quality of Italian Riesling grape.

Key words: wine grape, water-soluble β-glucans, glycosidase, volatile compounds

王海霞, 蒋娅萍, 方艳, 杨学山, 祝霞. 外源水溶性β-葡聚糖对‘贵人香’葡萄果实糖苷酶及香气品质的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(3): 571-586.

WANG Haixia, JIANG Yaping, FANG Yan, YANG Xueshan, ZHU Xia. Effect of Exogenous Water-Soluble β-Glucans Application on Glycosidase Activity and Aroma Quality of‘Italian Riesling’Grape[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(3): 571-586.

图/表 14

参考文献 33

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花后天数/d Day after flowering	水溶性β-葡聚糖/（mg ∙ L^-1） Water-soluble β-glucans	pH	总酸/（g ∙ L^-1） Total acid	可溶性固形物/°Brix Soluble solids	总糖/（g ∙ L^-1） Total sugar
60	0（对照Control）	3.06 ± 0.00 d	15.55 ± 0.18 a	9.13 ± 0.05 d	98.67 ± 0.94 d
	300	3.15 ± 0.00 c	15.05 ± 0.00 ab	10.07 ± 0.05 c	109.33 ± 0.94 c
	400	3.20 ± 0.00 a	13.93 ± 0.18 c	12.17 ± 0.05 a	122.40 ± 0.65 a
	500	3.19 ± 0.00 b	14.30 ± 0.17 bc	11.67 ± 0.05 b	117.60 ± 1.96 b
67	0（对照Control）	3.39 ± 0.01 d	11.63 ± 0.42 a	11.70 ± 0.00 d	117.33 ± 0.94 d
	300	3.41 ± 0.00 c	11.05 ± 0.18 ab	13.43 ± 0.05 c	131.33 ± 0.94 c
	400	3.48 ± 0.01 a	10.18 ± 0.09 c	14.47 ± 0.12 a	145.33 ± 0.47 a
	500	3.46 ± 0.00 b	10.68 ± 0.18 bc	13.80 ± 0.00 b	135.67 ± 0.47 b
95	0（对照Control）	3.42 ± 0.01 d	10.55 ± 0.18 a	17.17 ± 0.05 d	173.05 ± 0.00 d
	300	3.44 ± 0.01 c	10.18 ± 0.18 a	18.23 ± 0.09 c	185.50 ± 0.71 c
	400	3.66 ± 0.01 a	6.43 ± 0.18 c	20.43 ± 0.09 a	205.50 ± 0.00 a
	500	3.48 ± 0.01 b	7.30 ± 0.18 b	18.40 ± 0.00 b	188.00 ± 0.71 b

花后天数/d Day after flowering	水溶性β-葡聚糖/（mg ∙ L^-1） Water-soluble β-glucans	pH	总酸/（g ∙ L^-1） Total acid	可溶性固形物/°Brix Soluble solids	总糖/（g ∙ L^-1） Total sugar
60	0（对照Control）	3.06 ± 0.00 d	15.55 ± 0.18 a	9.13 ± 0.05 d	98.67 ± 0.94 d
	300	3.15 ± 0.00 c	15.05 ± 0.00 ab	10.07 ± 0.05 c	109.33 ± 0.94 c
	400	3.20 ± 0.00 a	13.93 ± 0.18 c	12.17 ± 0.05 a	122.40 ± 0.65 a
	500	3.19 ± 0.00 b	14.30 ± 0.17 bc	11.67 ± 0.05 b	117.60 ± 1.96 b
67	0（对照Control）	3.39 ± 0.01 d	11.63 ± 0.42 a	11.70 ± 0.00 d	117.33 ± 0.94 d
	300	3.41 ± 0.00 c	11.05 ± 0.18 ab	13.43 ± 0.05 c	131.33 ± 0.94 c
	400	3.48 ± 0.01 a	10.18 ± 0.09 c	14.47 ± 0.12 a	145.33 ± 0.47 a
	500	3.46 ± 0.00 b	10.68 ± 0.18 bc	13.80 ± 0.00 b	135.67 ± 0.47 b
95	0（对照Control）	3.42 ± 0.01 d	10.55 ± 0.18 a	17.17 ± 0.05 d	173.05 ± 0.00 d
	300	3.44 ± 0.01 c	10.18 ± 0.18 a	18.23 ± 0.09 c	185.50 ± 0.71 c
	400	3.66 ± 0.01 a	6.43 ± 0.18 c	20.43 ± 0.09 a	205.50 ± 0.00 a
	500	3.48 ± 0.01 b	7.30 ± 0.18 b	18.40 ± 0.00 b	188.00 ± 0.71 b

挥发性香气物质 VOC	VIP	挥发性香气物质 VOC	VIP
柠檬烯 Limonene	2.29940	乙酸叶醇酯（3Z）-3-Hexen-1-yl acetate	1.28337
2-已烯醛 2-Hexenal	2.09885	庚醛 Heptanal	1.21336
香叶醇 Geraniol	1.89891	（E）-2-庚烯醛 Heptenal	1.18945
3-蒈烯Crene	1.77009	2-己烯醛 2-Hexen-1-al	1.16014
正庚醇 Heptan-1-ol	1.71916	苯乙醛 Phenylacetaldehyde	1.14430
乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate	1.55693	反式-2-己烯-1-醇（E）-2-Hexen-1-ol	1.13439
反式-2-己烯乙酸酯 Hex-2-enyl acetate	1.49466	（E,E）-2,4-庚二烯醛（E,E）-2,4-Heptadienal	1.12304
叶醇 cis-3-Hexen-1-ol	1.41633	β-蒎烯β-Pinene	1.11425
乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate	1.34585	正己醛 Hexanal	1.09048
甲基庚烯酮 6-Methylhept-5-en-2-one	1.32159	癸酸乙酯 Ethyl caprate	1.01254
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 Isopropyl myristate	1.29190	苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	1.00957

挥发性香气物质 VOC	VIP	挥发性香气物质 VOC	VIP
柠檬烯 Limonene	2.29940	乙酸叶醇酯（3Z）-3-Hexen-1-yl acetate	1.28337
2-已烯醛 2-Hexenal	2.09885	庚醛 Heptanal	1.21336
香叶醇 Geraniol	1.89891	（E）-2-庚烯醛 Heptenal	1.18945
3-蒈烯Crene	1.77009	2-己烯醛 2-Hexen-1-al	1.16014
正庚醇 Heptan-1-ol	1.71916	苯乙醛 Phenylacetaldehyde	1.14430
乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate	1.55693	反式-2-己烯-1-醇（E）-2-Hexen-1-ol	1.13439
反式-2-己烯乙酸酯 Hex-2-enyl acetate	1.49466	（E,E）-2,4-庚二烯醛（E,E）-2,4-Heptadienal	1.12304
叶醇 cis-3-Hexen-1-ol	1.41633	β-蒎烯β-Pinene	1.11425
乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate	1.34585	正己醛 Hexanal	1.09048
甲基庚烯酮 6-Methylhept-5-en-2-one	1.32159	癸酸乙酯 Ethyl caprate	1.01254
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 Isopropyl myristate	1.29190	苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	1.00957

香气化合物 Aroma compounds	60 d				67 d				95 d
香气化合物 Aroma compounds	β-D- Glu	β-D- Xyl	α-L- Rha	α-L- Ara	β-D- Glu	β-D- Xyl	α-L- Rha	α-L- Ara	β-D- Glu	β-D- Xyl	α-L- Rha	α-L- Ara
柠檬烯Limonene	0.89	1.00^**	0.98^*	0.87	0.90	0.81	0.93	0.86	0.68	0.61	0.65	0.62
（E）-2-己烯醛（E）2-Hexenal	0.62	0.39	0.36	0.56	0.41	0.61	0.17	0.54	0.28	0.18	0.18	0.23
正庚醇Heptan-1-ol	0.81	0.97^*	0.95	0.80	0.82	0.60	0.94	0.69	0.53	0.63	0.59	0.60
反式-2-己烯乙酸酯 Hex-2-enyl acetate	0.77	0.96^*	0.92	0.75	0.79	0.55	0.92	0.65	0.60	0.70	0.67	0.67
乙酸己酯Hexyl acetate	0.75	0.95^*	0.90	0.72	0.97^*	0.83	1.00^**	0.89	0.89	0.94	0.93	0.93
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 Isopropyl myristate	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.61	0.63	0.59	0.64
乙酸叶醇酯（3Z）-3-Hexen-1-yl acetate	0.47	0.07	0.19	0.50	0.87	0.66	0.96^*	0.75	0.93	0.94	0.92	0.95
（E）-2-庚烯醛（E）-2-Heptenal	0.88	0.96^*	0.99^*	0.89	0.95	0.82	0.99^*	0.88	0.72	0.79	0.76	0.77
（E,E）-2,4-庚二烯醛（E,E）-2,4-Heptadienal	0.83	0.98^*	0.94	0.80	0.93	0.77	0.97^*	0.84	0.70	0.76	0.72	0.76
β-蒎烯β-pinene	0.95^*	1.00^**	0.99^*	0.93	0.94	0.78	1.00^**	0.85	0.88	0.93	0.91	0.91
叶醇cis-3-Hexen-1-ol	0.45	0.14	0.34	0.53	0.76	0.81	0.71	0.80	0.70	0.71	0.74	0.69
正己醛Hexanal	-0.41	-0.12	-0.32	-0.49	-0.87	-0.94	-0.77	-0.93	-0.90	-0.90	-0.92	-0.89
2-己烯醛2-Hexenal	-0.70	-0.62	-0.53	-0.63	-0.88	-0.98^*	-0.72	-0.96^*	-0.27	-0.21	-0.19	-0.25
反式-2-己烯-1-醇（E）-2-Hexen-1-ol	0.59	0.27	0.44	0.66	0.78	0.83	0.73	0.82	0.83	0.84	0.86	0.83
庚醛Heptanal	0.83	0.81	0.91	0.88	0.84	0.68	0.93	0.75	0.61	0.70	0.67	0.67
甲基庚烯酮 6-Methylhept-5-en-2-one	0.91	0.98^*	1.00^**	0.91	0.86	0.65	0.95	0.74	0.77	0.84	0.83	0.81
乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetate	0.93	1.00^**	0.98^*	0.91	1.00^**	0.95	0.96^*	0.98^*	0.89	0.94	0.93	0.93
癸酸乙酯Ethyl caprate	0.64	0.81	0.85	0.67	0.89	0.69	0.98^*	0.78	0.63	0.70	0.66	0.69
苯乙醛Phenylacetaldehyde	0.98^*	0.93	0.98^*	0.99^*	0.89	0.70	0.96^*	0.78	0.67	0.76	0.72	0.73
苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol	0.75	0.96^*	0.90	0.72	0.87	0.67	0.97^*	0.76	0.75	0.83	0.80	0.81