香蕉根系分泌物对枯萎病菌侵染的响应效应

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0590

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过液质联用方法检测健康和枯萎病发病香蕉的根系分泌物组成及含量并分析其差异组分，研究差异组分对香蕉枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense）热带4号小种（Foc4）生长的影响。结果表明，枯萎病病情达3级的香蕉，其根系分泌物中的半乳糖等6种糖类物质含量显著高于同期健康对照，莽草酸等13种有机酸、水杨酸等12种酚酸含量均同时显著高于初始和同期健康对照，而L-酪氨酸等3种氨基酸含量较初始和同期对照均减少，选择39种差异组分用于后续研究发现，Foc4对酚酸和有机酸的趋化半径高于氨基酸和糖类，且Foc4在酚酸中的繁殖数量、在有机酸和酚酸中的菌丝生长直径均高于阳性对照。相关性分析显示，香蕉根系分泌物含量增长率与Foc4趋化半径、繁殖数量和菌丝生长直径均呈正相关关系（P < 0.05），表明Foc4侵染使香蕉根系分泌物增加了有利于病原菌生长的物质含量，为病原菌在香蕉根际定殖提供所需的营养物质。

关键词: 香蕉, 根系分泌物, 枯萎病菌, 侵染

Abstract:

Fusarium wilt of banana is induced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense，the tropical race 4（Foc4）is the most pathogenic type. The composition and content of root exudates from healthy and diseased bananas（wilted level 3）were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the contents of six sugar substances，such as galactose，in diseased bananas root exudates were significantly higher than those in healthy bananas，thirteen organic acids，such as shikimic acid，and twelve phenolic acids，such as salicylic acid，were also significantly higher in their root exudates compared to both the initial seedlings and healthy bananas. Meanwhile，the contents of three amino acids，such as L-tyrosine，were reduced compared to both the initial and healthy banana root exudates. The 39 differential components mentioned above were used for subsequent research，and it was found that Foc4 had a higher chemotaxis radius towards phenolic acids and organic acids than amino acids and sugars，and its average reproductive quantity in phenolic acids and average mycelial growth diameter in organic acids and phenolic acids were higher than the positive control. Correlation analysis showed that the growth rate of banana root exudates was positively correlated with Foc4 chemotaxis radius，reproduction quantity，and hyphal growth diameter（P < 0.05），indicating that Foc4 infection increased the content of substances in banana root exudates that were beneficial for the growth of pathogens，providing the necessary nutrients for their colonization in the banana rhizosphere.

Key words: banana, root exudates, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, infection.

张胜男, 逄玉万, 黄建凤, 武美华, 吴昭云, 张木, 李苹, 付弘婷, 吴永沛. 香蕉根系分泌物对枯萎病菌侵染的响应效应[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(9): 2519-2531.

ZHANG Shengnan, PANG Yuwan, HUANG Jianfeng, WU Meihua, WU Zhaoyun, ZHANG Mu, LI Ping, FU Hongting, WU Yongpei. Response of Banana Root Exudates to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Infection[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(9): 2519-2531.

图/表 5

图1 Foc4侵染香蕉根系分泌物中糖类（A）、有机酸类（B）、酚酸类（C）和氨基酸类（D）色谱图

Fig. 1 Chromatograms of sugars（A），organic acids（B），phenolic acids（C）and amino acids（D） in root exudates of banabna infested by Foc4

图2 Foc4侵染对香蕉根系分泌物糖类、氨基酸类、有机酸类和酚酸类物质含量的影响 CK：初始根系分泌物；CK50：发病指数3级的对照根系分泌物；FW50：发病指数3级的香蕉根系分泌物。Gal：半乳糖；Ara：阿拉伯糖；Xyl：木糖；Glc：葡萄糖；Fuc：岩藻糖；Man：甘露糖；Fru：果糖；GlUA：葡萄糖醛酸；Rha：鼠李糖；Arg：L-精氨酸；Asn：L-天冬酰胺；Gln：L-谷氨酰胺；Ser：L-丝氨酸；Gly：甘氨酸；Asp：L-天冬氨酸；Glut：L-谷氨酸；Thr：L-苏氨酸；Ala：L-丙氨酸；Prol：L-脯氨酸；Lys：L-赖氨酸；Meth：L-甲硫氨酸；Tyr：L-酪氨酸；Val：L-缬氨酸；Ile：L-异亮氨酸；Leu：L-亮氨酸；Trp：L-色氨酸；Ami：γ-氨基丁酸；Dam：D-α-氨基正丁酸；Prp：丙酸；Ibt：异丁酸；Bty：丁酸；Oxa：草酸；Lac：乳酸；Val：戊酸；Iso：异戊酸；Mal：丙二酸；Hex：己酸；Met：异己酸；Fum：富马酸；Mac：苹果酸；Suc：琥珀酸；Ita：衣康酸；Glu：戊二酸；Mae：马来酸；Oct：辛酸；Adi：己二酸；Tar：酒石酸；Pim：庚二酸；Shi：莽草酸；Cit：柠檬酸；Qui：奎尼酸；Tfer：阿魏酸；Hben：4-羟基苯甲酸；Dcin：氢化肉桂酸；Tcin：反式肉桂酸；Van：香草酸；Lin：香草醛；Ben：苯甲酸；Sal：水杨酸；Nap：芥子酸；Syr：丁香酸；Deh：丁香醛；Ddb：3,4-二羟基苯甲酸；Caff：咖啡酸Phcin：对香豆酸；Pro：原儿茶醛；Phe：苯丙氨酸；Epi：表儿茶素；Cat：儿茶素。不同小写字母表示在P < 0.05水平处理间存在显著差异。下同

Fig. 2 The effects of Foc4 infection on the unique component content of sugars，amino acids，organic acids and phenolic acids CK：Root exudates secreted by initial banana seedling；CK50：Root exudates secreted by healthy banana with a disease index of level 3；FW50：Root exudates secreted by wilted banana with a disease index of level 3. Gal：Galactose；Ara：Arabinose；Xyl：Xylose；Glc：Glucose；Fuc：Fucose；Man：Mannose；Fru：Fructose；GlUA：Glucuronic Acid；Rha：Rhamnose；Arg：L-Arginine；Asn：L-Asparagine；Gln：L-Glutamine；Ser：L-Serine；Gly：L-Glycine；Asp：L-Aspartic acid；Glut：L-Glutamic acid；Thr：L-Threonine；Ala：L-Alanine；Prol：L-Proline；Lys：L-Lysine；Meth：L-Methionine；Tyr：L-Tyrosine；Val：L-Valine；Ile：L-Isoleucine；Leu：L-Leucine；Trp：L-Tryptophan；Ami：γ-Aminobutyric acid；Dam：D-2-Aminobutyric acid；Prp：Propionic acid；Ibt：Isobutyric acid；Bty：Butyric acid；Oxa：Oxalic acid；Lac：Lactic acid；Val：Valeric acid；Iso：Isovaleric acid；Mal：Malonic acid；Hex：Hexanoic acid；Met：4-Methylvaleric acid；Fum：Fumaric acid；Mac：Malic acid；Suc：Succinic acid；Ita：Itaconic acid；Glu：Glutaric acid；Mae：Maleic acid；Oct：Octanoic Acid；Adi：Adipic acid；Tar：Tartaric acid；Pim：Pimelic acid；Shi：Shikimic acid；Cit：Citric acid；Qui：Quinic acid；Tfer：Trans-ferulic acid；Hben：4-Hydroxybenzoic acid；Dcin：Hydrocinnamic acid；Tcin：Trans-Cinnamic acid；Van：Vanillic acid；Lin：Vanillin；Ben：Benzoic acid；Sal：Salicylic acid；Nap：Sinapic acid；Syr：Syringic acid；Deh：Syringaldehyde；Ddb：3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid；Caff：Caffeic acid；Phcin：p-Hydroxycinnamic acid；Pro：Protocatechualdehyde；Phe：Phenylalanine；Epi：L-Epicatechin；Cat：Catechin. Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences at P < 0.05. The same below

图3 Foc4对糖类（A）、有机酸类（B）、氨基酸类（C）和酚酸类（D）根系分泌物差异组分的趋化性 CKw：阴性对照无菌水；CKe：阴性对照乙醇；CKp：PDB阳性对照。下同

Fig. 3 Chemotaxis of Foc4 to differential components in root exudates of sugars（A），organic acids（B），amino acids（C）and phenolic acids（D） CKw：Sterile water as negative control；CKe：Ethanol as negative control；CKp：PDB as positive control. The same below

图4 糖类（A）、酚酸类（B）、氨基酸类（C）和有机酸类（D）差异组分对Foc4繁殖的影响

Fig. 4 Effects of differential components of sugars（A），phenolic acids（B），amino acids（C）and organic acids（D）on pathogen population of Foc 4

图5 糖类（A）、酚酸类（B）、氨基酸类（C）和有机酸类（D）差异组分对Foc4菌丝生长的影响

Fig. 5 Effects of differential components of sugars（A），phenolic acids（B），amino acids（C）and organic acids（D）on pathogen hyphal growth

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