基于叶片微观结构的杏种质资源抗旱性评价

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0834

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用石蜡切片法和指甲油印迹法，对中亚生态群和华北生态群共96份杏种质的叶片解剖结构及气孔形态特征进行观测，通过相关性分析及主成分分析筛选出反映抗旱性的叶片主要指标，并利用隶属函数综合评价不同生态群种质的抗旱性。研究表明：96份杏种质叶片均为异面叶，肾型气孔不均匀分布于叶片下表皮，其中‘卡拉胡安娜’‘奎皮克曼’‘甜仁杏’3份种质叶片上表皮也存在气孔分布，然而，这些气孔形态小，数量少；筛选出叶片厚度、气孔长度、栅栏组织厚度、气孔宽度、气孔面积、上表皮细胞厚度和上表皮细胞宽度作为96份种质的有效抗旱性评价指标；抗旱性最强的种质为‘索格佳娜丽’，最弱的为‘叶城紫杏’。2个生态类群杏种质的叶片微观结构及各种质间抗旱性具有明显的差异，鉴定筛选出‘索格佳娜丽’‘元旦杏’‘黄洪待克’等9份抗旱性极强的种质，可以作为杏抗旱育种的优异材料加以利用。

关键词: 杏, 生态群, 叶片解剖结构, 气孔特征, 隶属函数, 抗旱性评价

Abstract:

The leaf anatomical structure and stomata morphological characteristics of 96 apricot from Central Asia ecogroup and North China ecogroup were observed by paraffin section and nail polish blotting. Furthermore，leaf typicality indexes that reflecting the drought resistance of apricot germplasm were screened by using correlation analysis and principal component analysis，and the drought resistance of germplasms from different ecological groups were comprehensively evaluated by using the affiliation function. The study showed that：the 96 apricot germplasm leaves are all typical bifacial leaf. In the meantime，the stomata are renal-type stomata，and unevenly distributed in the lower epidermis of the leaves，included among which 3 germplasm leaves of‘Kala Huanna’‘Kuipikeman’and‘Tianrenxing’ also had stomatal existed in the upper epidermis. However，the size of the stomata are small and their number are also relatively few. Leaf thickness，stomatal length，thickness of palisade tissue，stomatal width，stomatal area，upper epidermal cell thickness，upper epidermal cell width are screened out as the effective drought resistance evaluation indexes of 96 germplasm. It is demonstrated that the strongest germplasm for drought-resistant is‘Suogejia’nali’and the weakest is‘Yechengzixing’. And 2 ecological groups had obvious differences in leaf microstructure and drought resistance among apricot germplasm，9 germplasm with very strong drought resistance，such as‘Suogejia’nali’‘Yuandanxing’and‘Huanghongdaike’，are eventually screened and can be utilized as excellent materials for drought- resistant breeding of apricot.

Key words: apricot, ecological groups, anatomical structure, stoma characteristic, the method of affiliation functions, drought resistance evaluation

李佳龙, 栾希芸, 唐章虎, 韩爱芝, 郭玲. 基于叶片微观结构的杏种质资源抗旱性评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(9): 2300-2316.

LI Jialong, LUAN Xiyun, TANG Zhanghu, HAN Aizhi, GUO Ling. Drought Resistance Evaluation of Apricot Germplasm Resources Based on Leaf Microstructure[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(9): 2300-2316.

图/表 12

参考文献 34

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生态群 Ecological group	编号 Number	种质 Germplasm	生态群 Ecological group	编号 Number	种质 Germplasm
中亚	1	阿克牙格勒克 Akeyageleke	中亚	49	佳娜丽2 Jianali 2
Central Asia	2	黄肉油杏 Huangrou Youxing	Central Asia	50	克孜尔托佣 Keziertuoyong
	3	黄胡安娜 Huang Huanna		51	洪待克 Hongdaike
	4	克孜阿恰 Keziaqia		52	郭西玉吕克 Guoxiyulüke
	5	克孜30 Kezi 30		53	大果胡安娜 Daguo Huanna
	6	托乎提 Tuohuti		54	皮乃孜 Pinaizi
	7	黄洪待克 Huang Hongdaike		55	卡拉胡安娜 Kala Huanna
	8	吾候其 Wuhouqi		56	贾格达玛伊桑 Jiagedamayisang
	9	贝新纳尔 Beixingnaer		57	晚熟佳娜丽 Wanshu jianali
	10	托乎提库都 Tuohutikudu		58	乔尔胖 Qiaoerpang
	11	奎皮克曼 Kuipikeman		59	小树上干 Xiaoshushanggan
	12	亚布拉克佳娜丽 Yabulakejianali		60	细黑叶杏 Xiheiyexing
	13	皮孜尔皮乃孜 Pizierpinaizi		61	粗黑叶杏 Cuheiyexing
	14	晚熟胡安娜 Wanshu Huanna		62	叶城黑叶杏 Yecheng Heiyexing
	15	麻木达西杏 Mamudaxixing		63	早熟黑叶杏 Zaoshu Heiyexing
	16	克孜郎 Kezilang		64	晚熟杏 Wanshuxing
	17	库车白杏 Kuche Baixing		65	莎车洪待克 Shache Hongdaike
	18	轮台白杏 Luntai Baixing		66	卡巴克玉吕克 Kabakeyulüke
	19	白杏 Baixing		67	大树上干 Dashuashanggan
	20	索格杏 Suogexing		68	克孜玛伊桑 Kezimayisang
	21	索格佳娜丽 Suogejia’nali	华北	69	红玉杏 Hongyuxing
	22	辣椒杏 Lajiaoxing	North China	70	元旦杏 Yuandanxing
	23	木隆杏 Mulongxing		71	水杏 Shuixing
	24	特尔湾玉吕克 Teerwanyulüke		72	二花槽 Erhuacao
	25	卡巴克西米西 Kabakeximixi		73	硬条京杏 Yingtiaojingxing
	26	何谢克 Hexieke		74	金太阳 Jingtaiyang
	27	卡拉阿藏 Kalaazang		75	大红杏 Dahongxing
	28	牙合里克玉吕克 Yahelikeyulüke		76	白木杏 Baimuxing
	29	卡拉玉吕克 Kalayulüke		77	串枝红 Chuanzhihong
	30	赛莱克玉吕克 Sailaikeyulüke		78	甜仁杏 Tianrenxing
	31	克孜佳娜丽 Kezijianali		79	短枝杏 Duanzhixing
	32	库买提 Kumaiti		80	一窝蜂 Yiwofeng
	33	阿克托佣 Aketuoyong		81	张公园大接杏Zhanggongyuan Dajiexing
	34	阿克达拉孜 Akedalazi		82	银香白 Yingxiangbai
	35	冬杏 Dongxing		83	晚杏 Wanxing
	36	赛莱克达拉孜 Sailaikedalazi		84	猪皮水杏 Zhupishuixing
	37	馒头玉吕克 Mantouyulüke		85	骆驼黄 Luotuohuang
	38	黄其力干 Huangqiligan		86	黄果3号 Huangguo 3
	39	阿里瓦拉 Aliwala^*		87	青皮杏 Qingpixing
	40	叶城紫杏 Yecheng Zixing^*		88	依力克大杏 Yilikedaxing
	41	洛浦1 Luopu 1		89	北山 Beishan
	42	洛浦2 Luopu 2		90	黄杏 Huangxing
	43	洛浦洪待克 Luopuhongdaike		91	小大白杏 Xiaodabaixing
	44	米录 Milu		92	无名毛杏 Wumingmaoxing
	45	佳娜丽1 Jianali 1		93	黄口外 Huangkouwai
	46	白油杏 Bai Youxing		94	SL 1
	47	安疆胡安娜 Anjianghuanna		95	雀杏 Quexing
	48	木孜佳娜丽 Muzijianali		96	玛瑙杏 Manaoxing

生态群 Ecological group	编号 Number	种质 Germplasm	生态群 Ecological group	编号 Number	种质 Germplasm
中亚	1	阿克牙格勒克 Akeyageleke	中亚	49	佳娜丽2 Jianali 2
Central Asia	2	黄肉油杏 Huangrou Youxing	Central Asia	50	克孜尔托佣 Keziertuoyong
	3	黄胡安娜 Huang Huanna		51	洪待克 Hongdaike
	4	克孜阿恰 Keziaqia		52	郭西玉吕克 Guoxiyulüke
	5	克孜30 Kezi 30		53	大果胡安娜 Daguo Huanna
	6	托乎提 Tuohuti		54	皮乃孜 Pinaizi
	7	黄洪待克 Huang Hongdaike		55	卡拉胡安娜 Kala Huanna
	8	吾候其 Wuhouqi		56	贾格达玛伊桑 Jiagedamayisang
	9	贝新纳尔 Beixingnaer		57	晚熟佳娜丽 Wanshu jianali
	10	托乎提库都 Tuohutikudu		58	乔尔胖 Qiaoerpang
	11	奎皮克曼 Kuipikeman		59	小树上干 Xiaoshushanggan
	12	亚布拉克佳娜丽 Yabulakejianali		60	细黑叶杏 Xiheiyexing
	13	皮孜尔皮乃孜 Pizierpinaizi		61	粗黑叶杏 Cuheiyexing
	14	晚熟胡安娜 Wanshu Huanna		62	叶城黑叶杏 Yecheng Heiyexing
	15	麻木达西杏 Mamudaxixing		63	早熟黑叶杏 Zaoshu Heiyexing
	16	克孜郎 Kezilang		64	晚熟杏 Wanshuxing
	17	库车白杏 Kuche Baixing		65	莎车洪待克 Shache Hongdaike
	18	轮台白杏 Luntai Baixing		66	卡巴克玉吕克 Kabakeyulüke
	19	白杏 Baixing		67	大树上干 Dashuashanggan
	20	索格杏 Suogexing		68	克孜玛伊桑 Kezimayisang
	21	索格佳娜丽 Suogejia’nali	华北	69	红玉杏 Hongyuxing
	22	辣椒杏 Lajiaoxing	North China	70	元旦杏 Yuandanxing
	23	木隆杏 Mulongxing		71	水杏 Shuixing
	24	特尔湾玉吕克 Teerwanyulüke		72	二花槽 Erhuacao
	25	卡巴克西米西 Kabakeximixi		73	硬条京杏 Yingtiaojingxing
	26	何谢克 Hexieke		74	金太阳 Jingtaiyang
	27	卡拉阿藏 Kalaazang		75	大红杏 Dahongxing
	28	牙合里克玉吕克 Yahelikeyulüke		76	白木杏 Baimuxing
	29	卡拉玉吕克 Kalayulüke		77	串枝红 Chuanzhihong
	30	赛莱克玉吕克 Sailaikeyulüke		78	甜仁杏 Tianrenxing
	31	克孜佳娜丽 Kezijianali		79	短枝杏 Duanzhixing
	32	库买提 Kumaiti		80	一窝蜂 Yiwofeng
	33	阿克托佣 Aketuoyong		81	张公园大接杏Zhanggongyuan Dajiexing
	34	阿克达拉孜 Akedalazi		82	银香白 Yingxiangbai
	35	冬杏 Dongxing		83	晚杏 Wanxing
	36	赛莱克达拉孜 Sailaikedalazi		84	猪皮水杏 Zhupishuixing
	37	馒头玉吕克 Mantouyulüke		85	骆驼黄 Luotuohuang
	38	黄其力干 Huangqiligan		86	黄果3号 Huangguo 3
	39	阿里瓦拉 Aliwala^*		87	青皮杏 Qingpixing
	40	叶城紫杏 Yecheng Zixing^*		88	依力克大杏 Yilikedaxing
	41	洛浦1 Luopu 1		89	北山 Beishan
	42	洛浦2 Luopu 2		90	黄杏 Huangxing
	43	洛浦洪待克 Luopuhongdaike		91	小大白杏 Xiaodabaixing
	44	米录 Milu		92	无名毛杏 Wumingmaoxing
	45	佳娜丽1 Jianali 1		93	黄口外 Huangkouwai
	46	白油杏 Bai Youxing		94	SL 1
	47	安疆胡安娜 Anjianghuanna		95	雀杏 Quexing
	48	木孜佳娜丽 Muzijianali		96	玛瑙杏 Manaoxing

指标 Index	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6	PC7
TL	0.382	0.684	-0.047	0.153	-0.006	0.138	0.422
PT	0.404	0.694	-0.231	-0.195	0.453	0.164	0.038
ST	0.505	0.089	-0.680	0.350	0.121	0.277	0.143
WUE	0.330	0.494	0.149	-0.063	-0.341	0.359	-0.214
WLE	0.219	0.397	0.160	0.363	-0.428	0.122	-0.285
TUE	0.374	0.560	-0.002	-0.029	-0.373	0.114	0.259
TLE	0.033	0.632	0.034	0.052	-0.200	-0.113	-0.371
TC	-0.231	0.344	0.080	0.068	0.171	-0.283	0.576
PT/ST	-0.115	0.558	0.502	-0.562	0.221	-0.108	-0.096
TS	0.196	0.303	-0.295	-0.443	0.636	0.090	-0.320
LS	0.281	-0.399	-0.726	0.279	0.144	0.200	-0.144
VeT	0.843	-0.169	0.174	-0.110	-0.042	-0.123	0.071
XyT	0.816	-0.339	0.174	-0.124	-0.028	-0.035	0.076
PhT	0.794	0.037	-0.087	0.208	0.028	-0.451	-0.087
VD	0.727	-0.342	0.392	-0.151	0.008	0.033	0.012
VA	0.750	-0.403	0.300	-0.205	0.056	0.037	0.002
Xy/Ph	-0.145	-0.400	0.317	-0.431	-0.061	0.548	0.179
SL	0.021	0.050	0.584	0.632	0.361	0.137	-0.078
SW	-0.085	-0.029	0.429	0.640	0.373	0.159	-0.013
SA	-0.033	0.027	0.564	0.135	0.117	0.401	0.015
SD	-0.146	-0.066	-0.466	-0.203	-0.122	0.368	0.070
特征值 Eigen calue	4.194	3.348	2.911	2.103	1.514	1.296	1.061
贡献率/% Contribution rate	19.983	15.931	13.866	10.037	7.192	6.165	5.035
累计贡献率/% Cumulative contribution rate	19.983	35.914	49.780	59.817	67.010	73.174	78.209

指标 Index	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6	PC7
TL	0.382	0.684	-0.047	0.153	-0.006	0.138	0.422
PT	0.404	0.694	-0.231	-0.195	0.453	0.164	0.038
ST	0.505	0.089	-0.680	0.350	0.121	0.277	0.143
WUE	0.330	0.494	0.149	-0.063	-0.341	0.359	-0.214
WLE	0.219	0.397	0.160	0.363	-0.428	0.122	-0.285
TUE	0.374	0.560	-0.002	-0.029	-0.373	0.114	0.259
TLE	0.033	0.632	0.034	0.052	-0.200	-0.113	-0.371
TC	-0.231	0.344	0.080	0.068	0.171	-0.283	0.576
PT/ST	-0.115	0.558	0.502	-0.562	0.221	-0.108	-0.096
TS	0.196	0.303	-0.295	-0.443	0.636	0.090	-0.320
LS	0.281	-0.399	-0.726	0.279	0.144	0.200	-0.144
VeT	0.843	-0.169	0.174	-0.110	-0.042	-0.123	0.071
XyT	0.816	-0.339	0.174	-0.124	-0.028	-0.035	0.076
PhT	0.794	0.037	-0.087	0.208	0.028	-0.451	-0.087
VD	0.727	-0.342	0.392	-0.151	0.008	0.033	0.012
VA	0.750	-0.403	0.300	-0.205	0.056	0.037	0.002
Xy/Ph	-0.145	-0.400	0.317	-0.431	-0.061	0.548	0.179
SL	0.021	0.050	0.584	0.632	0.361	0.137	-0.078
SW	-0.085	-0.029	0.429	0.640	0.373	0.159	-0.013
SA	-0.033	0.027	0.564	0.135	0.117	0.401	0.015
SD	-0.146	-0.066	-0.466	-0.203	-0.122	0.368	0.070
特征值 Eigen calue	4.194	3.348	2.911	2.103	1.514	1.296	1.061
贡献率/% Contribution rate	19.983	15.931	13.866	10.037	7.192	6.165	5.035
累计贡献率/% Cumulative contribution rate	19.983	35.914	49.780	59.817	67.010	73.174	78.209

指标 Index	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6	PC7	f
TL（X1）	0.1865	0.3739	-0.0275	0.1054	-0.0049	0.1213	0.4105	0.1159
PT（X2）	0.1972	0.3794	-0.1354	-0.1343	0.3686	0.1441	0.0370	0.0925
ST（X3）	0.1972	0.3794	-0.1354	-0.1343	0.3686	0.1441	0.0370	0.0486
WUE（X4）	0.1611	0.2701	0.0873	-0.0434	-0.2775	0.3155	-0.2081	0.0635
WLE（X5）	0.1611	0.2701	0.0873	-0.0434	-0.2775	0.3155	-0.2081	0.0544
TUE（X6）	0.1826	0.3061	-0.0012	-0.0200	-0.3035	0.1002	0.2519	0.0707
TLE（X7）	0.0161	0.3455	0.0199	0.0358	-0.1628	-0.0993	-0.3609	0.0252
TC（X8）	-0.1128	0.1881	0.0469	0.0468	0.1392	-0.2487	0.5603	0.0366
PT/ST（X9）	-0.0561	0.3051	0.2942	-0.3871	0.1798	-0.0949	-0.0934	0.0368
TS（X10）	0.0957	0.1656	-0.1729	-0.3051	0.5176	0.0791	-0.3113	0.0153
LS（X11）	0.1372	-0.2181	-0.4254	0.1922	0.1172	0.1757	-0.1401	-0.0307
VeT（X12）	0.4115	-0.0924	0.1020	-0.0758	-0.0342	-0.1081	0.0691	0.0603
XyT（X13）	0.3984	-0.1853	0.1020	-0.0854	-0.0228	-0.0308	0.0739	0.0492
PhT（X14）	0.3876	0.0202	-0.0510	0.1433	0.0228	-0.3963	-0.0846	0.0537
VD（X15）	0.3549	-0.1870	0.2297	-0.1040	0.0065	0.0290	0.0117	0.0577
VA（X16）	0.3661	-0.2203	0.1758	-0.1412	0.0456	0.0325	0.0019	0.0473
Xy/Ph（X17）	-0.0708	-0.2187	0.1858	-0.2969	-0.0496	0.4816	0.1741	-0.0160
SL（X18）	0.0103	0.0273	0.3422	0.4353	0.2938	0.1204	-0.0759	0.1079
SW（X19）	-0.0415	-0.0159	0.2514	0.4408	0.3035	0.1397	-0.0126	0.0865
SA（X20）	-0.0161	0.0148	0.3305	0.0930	0.0952	0.3524	0.0146	0.0737
SD（X21）	-0.0713	-0.0361	-0.2731	-0.1398	-0.0993	0.3234	0.0681	-0.0491