设施栽培‘冬枣’花发育和花蜜分泌规律的研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0070

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以‘冬枣’为研究对象，记录了设施栽培模式下花发育的物候期，追踪了花发育和泌蜜过程，评估了泌蜜量及其糖含量。结果表明：与露地栽培模式相比，设施栽培模式下枣花萌芽期大幅度提前，单花开放时间和盛花期时间均延长，花蜜量更大，花蜜糖含量更高。总体来看，‘冬枣’在设施栽培模式下的物候期、花发育、花蜜含量和成分等表现均优于露地栽培。

关键词: 枣, 设施栽培, 花发育, 蜜腺, 泌蜜规律, 花蜜成分

Abstract:

In this study，by using Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’as a model，the phenological phases of flower development were documented，the process of flower development and nectar secretion was tracked，and the quantity and sugar content of the nectar were assessed under the facility cultivation. The results showed that compared to the open field cultivation，facility cultivation significantly advanced the sprouting stage of jujube floral bud，extended the duration of individual flower blooming and peak flowering periods，and increased both the quantity and sugar content of nectar. Overall，under the facility cultivation，‘Dongzao’exhibited superior in phenological phases，flower development，as well as nectar composition and quantity，compared to those under the traditional open field cultivation.

Key words: jujube, facility cultivation, flower development, nectary, nectar secretion pattern, nectar composition

谢文杰, 陈西玲, 石国朝, 张鹏, 李新岗, 张睿, 段晓姗. 设施栽培‘冬枣’花发育和花蜜分泌规律的研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(12): 2735-2742.

XIE Wenjie, CHEN Xiling, SHI Guozhao, ZHANG Peng, LI Xingang, ZHANG Rui, DUAN Xiaoshan. Flower Development and Nectar Secretion of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’ Under Facility Cultivation[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(12): 2735-2742.

图/表 5

参考文献 35

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物候期 Phenological period	记载标准 Record standard
萌芽期 Sprouting stage	5%以上的芽开放 More than 5% of buds are open
花蕾期 Budding stage	叶腋间明显可见绿色的花蕾 Green flower buds are visible between the leaf axils
初花期 Early-flowering stage	枣吊中部25%零级花开放 25% of the zero-grade flowers are bloom in the middle of the bearing shoots
盛花期 Peak-flowering stage	枣吊中部50%零级花开放 50% of the zero-grade flowers are bloom in the middle of the bearing shoots
终花期 Final-flowering stage	枣吊中部90%零级花脱落 90% of the zero-grade flowers fall off in the middle of the bearing shoots
花结束期 End of flowering stage	95%的花脱落 95% of the flowers fall off

物候期 Phenological period	记载标准 Record standard
萌芽期 Sprouting stage	5%以上的芽开放 More than 5% of buds are open
花蕾期 Budding stage	叶腋间明显可见绿色的花蕾 Green flower buds are visible between the leaf axils
初花期 Early-flowering stage	枣吊中部25%零级花开放 25% of the zero-grade flowers are bloom in the middle of the bearing shoots
盛花期 Peak-flowering stage	枣吊中部50%零级花开放 50% of the zero-grade flowers are bloom in the middle of the bearing shoots
终花期 Final-flowering stage	枣吊中部90%零级花脱落 90% of the zero-grade flowers fall off in the middle of the bearing shoots
花结束期 End of flowering stage	95%的花脱落 95% of the flowers fall off

栽培模式 Cultivation	萌芽期 Germination stage	花蕾期 Budding stage	初花期 Initial flowering stage	盛花期 Full-bloom stage	终花期 Final flowering stage
露地栽培Open field cultivation	04-16	05-11（26 d）	06-06（52 d）	06-19（65 d）	07-12（88 d）
设施栽培Facility cultivation	03-29	04-07（10 d）	05-16（49 d）	06-06（70 d）	06-20（84 d）

栽培模式 Cultivation	萌芽期 Germination stage	花蕾期 Budding stage	初花期 Initial flowering stage	盛花期 Full-bloom stage	终花期 Final flowering stage
露地栽培Open field cultivation	04-16	05-11（26 d）	06-06（52 d）	06-19（65 d）	07-12（88 d）
设施栽培Facility cultivation	03-29	04-07（10 d）	05-16（49 d）	06-06（70 d）	06-20（84 d）

栽培模式 Cultivation	日期/（M-D） Date	花数 Flower count	单朵花蜜量/mg Nectar weight per single flower	花蜜总量/mg Total honey weight
露地栽培 Open field cultivation	06-19	36	0.222	8.000
	06-21	117	0.308	36.000
	06-29	148	0.297	44.000
设施栽培 Facility cultivation	04-26	41	1.756	72.000
	05-11	43	0.977	42.000
	05-19	23	0.957	22.000