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园艺学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12): 1969-1969–1974.

• 观赏植物 • 上一篇    下一篇

兰科5属常见栽培品种花粉块形态的扫描电镜观察

孙崇波1,2,向 林1,施季森2,*,郭方其1,李伯钧1,秦德辉1   

  1. (1浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所,杭州 310021;2南京林业大学国家林业局林木遗传和基因工程重点实验室,南京 210037)
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2010-12-25 发布日期:2010-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 施季森

Scanning Electron Microscope Observation on Pollinium Morphology of Five Most Common Cultivated Orchid Genera(Orchidaceae)

SUN Chong-bo1,2,XIANG Lin1,SHI Ji-sen2,*,GUO Fang-qi1,LI Bo-jun1,and QIN De-hui1   

  1. (1Institute of Horticulture,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;2Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics and Gene Engineering of State Forestry Administration,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2010-12-25 Published:2010-12-25
  • Contact: SHI Ji-sen

摘要: 利用扫描电镜对兰科常见栽培植物5属10种21个品种(系)的花粉块形态进行了观察。研究结果表明:成熟花粉块由成千上万个单粒花粉紧密粘结而成。花粉块呈梨形、近卵圆形或长椭圆形。构成花粉块的单粒花粉形状极不规则。部分建兰品种的单粒花粉表面可较清晰地观察到四合花粉结构。多数种类的单粒花粉粘结处无明显粘结物,部分种类,如蕙兰单粒花粉粘结处可见大量明显粘结物。根据花粉外壁表面纹饰可将花粉分为以下4种类型:(1)光滑型;(2)近光滑型,具微弱的小凹陷;(3)凹凸不平状;(4)沟渠状。未见明显的萌发孔。不同种属间花粉块大小及外壁纹饰差别较大。花粉块表面形态在属间差异较大,在兰属的种间也有一定的差异,但在兰属种内品种间则差异较小。

关键词: 兰科, 兰属, 轭瓣兰属, 蝴蝶兰属, 文心兰属, 独蒜兰属, 花粉块形态, 扫描电镜

Abstract: Pollinium morphology of five most common cultivated orchid genera(Orchidaceae)were examined with SEM(scanning electron microscopy). The results showed that thousands up to ten thousands of pollen grainsare aggregated into distinct pollinia. The pollinia presented diversity in shape,from near pear-shaped,near ovate,to oblong oval. The figures of pollen grains are irregular. The tetrad pollen grains were only found in species of Cymbidium ensifolium. Except C. faberi,there are not obvious sticky semiliquid substance covered the pollen grains. The pollinium of the speces studied can be divided into four types based on the sculpturing of exine. There are psilate,near psilate or very obscurely fossete,rough and fossulate or foveolate. There are no aperture on the exinous lay of pollen grains. The pollinium size and sculpturing of exine showed obviously different among the genera and species in this study. Within the genus Cymbidium,the sculpturing of pollinium differed on the species level but not obviously on the cultivated variation level.

Key words: Orchidaceae, Cymbidium, Zygopetulum, Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Pleione, pollinium morphology, scanning electron microscopy(SEM)

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