植物蛋白质N-糖基化修饰关键酶及其生物学 功能研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0470

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

总结了植物蛋白质N-糖基化修饰相关的N-糖链结构特征及其加工途径，重点梳理了参与N-糖基化修饰的关键酶，包括寡糖转移酶（oligosaccharyltransferase，OST）、α-葡萄糖苷酶（α-glucosidase，GCS）、α-甘露糖苷酶（α-mannosidase，α-Man）及其他N-糖链加工酶的酶学特性与生物学功能研究进展。

关键词: 蛋白质N-糖基化, N-糖链, 加工酶, 生物学功能

Abstract:

This review summarizes structural characteristics of N-glycans and their processing pathways in plants，with a particular focus on enzymatic properties and biological functions of key enzymes involved in N-glycosylation，such as oligosaccharyltransferase（oligosaccharyltransferase，OST），α-glucosidase（α-glucosidase，GCS），α-mannosidase（α-mannosidase，α-Man），and other N-glycan processing enzymes.

Key words: protein N-glycosylation, N-glycan, processing enzymes, biological functions

赵晓勇, 欧若含, 梅宇洋, 崔桐灏, 刘意隆, 谢小东, 曹培健, 李鲜. 植物蛋白质N-糖基化修饰关键酶及其生物学功能研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(1): 285-302.

ZHAO Xiaoyong, OU Ruohan, MEI Yuyang, CUI Tonghao, LIU Yilong, XIE Xiaodong, CAO Peijian, LI Xian. Research Progress on Key Enzymes Involved in Protein N-Glycosylation and Their Biological Functions in Plants[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(1): 285-302.

图/表 3

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酶 Enzyme	物种 Species	突变体 Mutant	技术 Technology	表型 Phenotype	参考文献 Reference
OST	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	stt3a	T-DNA	盐胁迫下根系生长受抑制，根尖肿胀 Root growth is suppressed under salt stress，root tips become swollen	Koiwa et al.,2003
		stt3b		不引起盐敏感性Insensitive to salt stress
		stt3a stt3b		双突配子体致死Diploid gametophytes lethal
		dgl1		细胞生长和分化缺陷，异位胼胝质积累 Cell growth and differentiation defects，ectopic callose accumulates	Lerouxel et al.,2005
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora	stt3a，stt3b	拟南芥stt3a突变体中异源表达 overexpression in Arabidopsis stt3a mutant	显著缓解拟南芥盐敏感表型 Significantly alleviates the salt-sensitive phenotype in Arabidopsis	Jiang et al.,2015
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora	stt3a，stt3b
	水稻 Oryza sativa	dgl1	甲基磺酸乙酯	根细胞长度缩短，根分生组织缩小和细胞死亡 Root cell length shortened，root meristem reduced and cell dies	Qin et al.,2013
	水稻 Oryza sativa	dgl1	（EMS）诱变 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis		Qin et al.,2013
GCSI	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	gcs1/knf	T-DNA	胚胎发育异常，结晶纤维素含量显著下降 Embryo development abnormal，crystalline cellulose content significantly decreased	Boisson et al.,2001； Gillmor et al.,2002
GCSI	水稻 Oryza sativa	mogs	EMS诱变 EMS mutagenesis	根发育受阻Root development defect	Wang et al.,2014
GCSII	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	rsw3	T-DNA	根径向膨胀，纤维素含量降低；抑制幼苗发育	Burn et al.,2002；
GCSII	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	rsw3		Roots radially expand，cellulose content decreases； seedling development inhibits	Soussillane et al.,2009
α-ManI	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	mns3	T-DNA	N-聚糖组成异常但无明显植株表型 N-glycan composition abnormal but no obvious plant phenotype	Liebminger et al.,2009
		mns3	T-DNA
		mns1 mns2	T-DNA	双突根系形态变化 Double mutant root morphology changes	Liebminger et al.,2009；
				对盐和渗透胁迫表现出超敏感性 Hypersensitivity to salt and osmotic stress	Liu et al.,2018；
				易受丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种DC3000侵染 Susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 infection	Jia et al.,2020
		mns1 mns2 mns3	T-DNA	根系变短粗、径向膨大、细胞壁结构异常 Roots become short and thick，radially swollen，cell wall structure abnormal	Liebminger et al.,2009
		mns4 mns5	T-DNA	盐胁迫下根系生长受抑制 Root growth is suppressed under salt stress	Hüttner et al.,2014
	百脉根 Lotus japonicus	man I	LORE1 retrotransposon	生长受阻，种子减少Growth suppressed，seeds reduced	Pedersen et al.,2017
	百脉根 Lotus japonicus	man I	LORE1 retrotransposon	生长受阻，种子减少Growth suppressed，seeds reduced
	人参 Panax ginseng	GH47-E	拟南芥中异源表达 overexpression in Arabidopsis	种荚数量、长度和千粒质量增加，抽薹和开花时间提前，根系变长 silique number，length and thousand-grain weight increased，bolting and flowering time advanced，root system becomes longer	王铎,2018
α-ManII	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	hgl1	T-DNA	盐敏感性增强Salt sensitivity enhanced	Kang et al.,2008；
	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	hgl1	T-DNA	盐敏感性增强Salt sensitivity enhanced	Kaulfürst-Soboll et al.,2011
	辣椒 Capsicum annuum	ManII	RNAi	果实延迟软化Fruit softening delayed	Ghosh et al.,2011
	辣椒 Capsicum annuum	ManII	RNAi	果实延迟软化Fruit softening delayed
	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	ManII	RNAi/过表达 RNAi/overexpression	果实成熟软化进程减缓/果实软化时间提前，软化速率加快 Process of fruit ripening and softening slows down/ accelerates	Meli et al.,2010
			RNAi/过表达 RNAi/overexpression
			RNAi	种子数量减少，叶片卷曲 Seed number reduced，leaves curl	Kaulfürst-Soboll et al.,2021
	甜瓜 Cucumis melo	ManII	RNAi/过表达 RNAi/overexpression	果实延缓成熟，硬度高、质量大/果实提前成熟，硬度小、质量小Fruit ripening delayed，with high hardness，large weight/fruit ripening advanced，with low hardness，small weight	党维鑫,2015
	甜瓜 Cucumis melo	ManII	RNAi/过表达 RNAi/overexpression
GnTI	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	cgl1	T-DNA	盐胁迫下根系生长受抑制Root growth suppressed under salt stress	Kang et al.,2008；
	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	cgl1	T-DNA	生长素敏感性增加Auxin sensitivity increased	Frank et al.,2021
	水稻 Oryza sativa	gnt1	T-DNA	分蘖失败、叶片脆性增加，生殖发育停滞 Tillering fails，leaf brittleness increases，reproductive development stops	Fanata et al.,2013
	水稻 Oryza sativa	gnt1	T-DNA
	百脉根 Lotus japonicus	gnt I	LORE1 retrotransposon	严重生长缺陷，致死性 Wevere growth defects，lethal	Pedersen et al.,2017
	百脉根 Lotus japonicus	gnt I	LORE1 retrotransposon	严重生长缺陷，致死性 Wevere growth defects，lethal
	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	GNTI	RNAi	影响果实成熟和脱落 Fruit ripening affected and abscission	Kaulfürst-Soboll et al.,2021
	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	GNTI	RNAi	影响果实成熟和脱落 Fruit ripening affected and abscission
GnTII	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	gnt2	T-DNA	胁迫条件下生长发育严重受损，影响植物激素响应 Growth and development severely impaired under stress，plant hormone response affected	Yoo et al.,2021
GnTII	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	gnt2	T-DNA
XylT	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	xylT	T-DNA	无明显表型 no obvious phenotype	Kang et al.,2008
	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	xylT	T-DNA	无明显表型 no obvious phenotype
	水稻 Oryza sativa	rcn11	γ射线	多种胁迫下生长受到影响，如种子萌发等 Growth（including seed germination）affected under stress conditions	Takano et al.,2015
	水稻 Oryza sativa	rcn11	γ射线
	番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	xylT	RNAi	致敏性降低 Sensitivity reduced	Paulus et al.,2011
	番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	xylT	RNAi	致敏性降低 Sensitivity reduced
FucT	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	fucTa fucTb	T-DNA	无明显表型 No obvious phenotype	Kang et al.,2008
		fucTa fucTb	T-DNA	无明显表型 No obvious phenotype
		fucTa fucTb xylT	T-DNA	根系发育受阻，盐胁迫敏感性增加 Root development suppressed，salt stress sensitivity increased	Kang et al.,2008
	水稻 Oryza sativa	fuct	T-DNA	花药花粉发育受损，植株生长减弱；发育异常，对稻瘟病菌的敏感性增加 Anther pollen development impaired，plant growth weakened；development abnormal，susceptibility to Magnaporthe oryzae increased	Sim et al.,2018；
	水稻 Oryza sativa	fuct	T-DNA		Harmoko et al.,2016

酶 Enzyme	物种 Species	突变体 Mutant	技术 Technology	表型 Phenotype	参考文献 Reference
OST	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	stt3a	T-DNA	盐胁迫下根系生长受抑制，根尖肿胀 Root growth is suppressed under salt stress，root tips become swollen	Koiwa et al.,2003
		stt3b		不引起盐敏感性Insensitive to salt stress
		stt3a stt3b		双突配子体致死Diploid gametophytes lethal
		dgl1		细胞生长和分化缺陷，异位胼胝质积累 Cell growth and differentiation defects，ectopic callose accumulates	Lerouxel et al.,2005
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora	stt3a，stt3b	拟南芥stt3a突变体中异源表达 overexpression in Arabidopsis stt3a mutant	显著缓解拟南芥盐敏感表型 Significantly alleviates the salt-sensitive phenotype in Arabidopsis	Jiang et al.,2015
	互花米草 Spartina alterniflora	stt3a，stt3b
	水稻 Oryza sativa	dgl1	甲基磺酸乙酯	根细胞长度缩短，根分生组织缩小和细胞死亡 Root cell length shortened，root meristem reduced and cell dies	Qin et al.,2013
	水稻 Oryza sativa	dgl1	（EMS）诱变 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis		Qin et al.,2013
GCSI	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	gcs1/knf	T-DNA	胚胎发育异常，结晶纤维素含量显著下降 Embryo development abnormal，crystalline cellulose content significantly decreased	Boisson et al.,2001； Gillmor et al.,2002
GCSI	水稻 Oryza sativa	mogs	EMS诱变 EMS mutagenesis	根发育受阻Root development defect	Wang et al.,2014
GCSII	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	rsw3	T-DNA	根径向膨胀，纤维素含量降低；抑制幼苗发育	Burn et al.,2002；
GCSII	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	rsw3		Roots radially expand，cellulose content decreases； seedling development inhibits	Soussillane et al.,2009
α-ManI	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	mns3	T-DNA	N-聚糖组成异常但无明显植株表型 N-glycan composition abnormal but no obvious plant phenotype	Liebminger et al.,2009
		mns3	T-DNA
		mns1 mns2	T-DNA	双突根系形态变化 Double mutant root morphology changes	Liebminger et al.,2009；
				对盐和渗透胁迫表现出超敏感性 Hypersensitivity to salt and osmotic stress	Liu et al.,2018；
				易受丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种DC3000侵染 Susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 infection	Jia et al.,2020
		mns1 mns2 mns3	T-DNA	根系变短粗、径向膨大、细胞壁结构异常 Roots become short and thick，radially swollen，cell wall structure abnormal	Liebminger et al.,2009
		mns4 mns5	T-DNA	盐胁迫下根系生长受抑制 Root growth is suppressed under salt stress	Hüttner et al.,2014
	百脉根 Lotus japonicus	man I	LORE1 retrotransposon	生长受阻，种子减少Growth suppressed，seeds reduced	Pedersen et al.,2017
	百脉根 Lotus japonicus	man I	LORE1 retrotransposon	生长受阻，种子减少Growth suppressed，seeds reduced
	人参 Panax ginseng	GH47-E	拟南芥中异源表达 overexpression in Arabidopsis	种荚数量、长度和千粒质量增加，抽薹和开花时间提前，根系变长 silique number，length and thousand-grain weight increased，bolting and flowering time advanced，root system becomes longer	王铎,2018
α-ManII	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	hgl1	T-DNA	盐敏感性增强Salt sensitivity enhanced	Kang et al.,2008；
	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	hgl1	T-DNA	盐敏感性增强Salt sensitivity enhanced	Kaulfürst-Soboll et al.,2011
	辣椒 Capsicum annuum	ManII	RNAi	果实延迟软化Fruit softening delayed	Ghosh et al.,2011
	辣椒 Capsicum annuum	ManII	RNAi	果实延迟软化Fruit softening delayed
	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	ManII	RNAi/过表达 RNAi/overexpression	果实成熟软化进程减缓/果实软化时间提前，软化速率加快 Process of fruit ripening and softening slows down/ accelerates	Meli et al.,2010
			RNAi/过表达 RNAi/overexpression
			RNAi	种子数量减少，叶片卷曲 Seed number reduced，leaves curl	Kaulfürst-Soboll et al.,2021
	甜瓜 Cucumis melo	ManII	RNAi/过表达 RNAi/overexpression	果实延缓成熟，硬度高、质量大/果实提前成熟，硬度小、质量小Fruit ripening delayed，with high hardness，large weight/fruit ripening advanced，with low hardness，small weight	党维鑫,2015
	甜瓜 Cucumis melo	ManII	RNAi/过表达 RNAi/overexpression
GnTI	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	cgl1	T-DNA	盐胁迫下根系生长受抑制Root growth suppressed under salt stress	Kang et al.,2008；
	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	cgl1	T-DNA	生长素敏感性增加Auxin sensitivity increased	Frank et al.,2021
	水稻 Oryza sativa	gnt1	T-DNA	分蘖失败、叶片脆性增加，生殖发育停滞 Tillering fails，leaf brittleness increases，reproductive development stops	Fanata et al.,2013
	水稻 Oryza sativa	gnt1	T-DNA
	百脉根 Lotus japonicus	gnt I	LORE1 retrotransposon	严重生长缺陷，致死性 Wevere growth defects，lethal	Pedersen et al.,2017
	百脉根 Lotus japonicus	gnt I	LORE1 retrotransposon	严重生长缺陷，致死性 Wevere growth defects，lethal
	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	GNTI	RNAi	影响果实成熟和脱落 Fruit ripening affected and abscission	Kaulfürst-Soboll et al.,2021
	番茄 Solanum lycopersicum	GNTI	RNAi	影响果实成熟和脱落 Fruit ripening affected and abscission
GnTII	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	gnt2	T-DNA	胁迫条件下生长发育严重受损，影响植物激素响应 Growth and development severely impaired under stress，plant hormone response affected	Yoo et al.,2021
GnTII	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	gnt2	T-DNA
XylT	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	xylT	T-DNA	无明显表型 no obvious phenotype	Kang et al.,2008
	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	xylT	T-DNA	无明显表型 no obvious phenotype
	水稻 Oryza sativa	rcn11	γ射线	多种胁迫下生长受到影响，如种子萌发等 Growth（including seed germination）affected under stress conditions	Takano et al.,2015
	水稻 Oryza sativa	rcn11	γ射线
	番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	xylT	RNAi	致敏性降低 Sensitivity reduced	Paulus et al.,2011
	番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	xylT	RNAi	致敏性降低 Sensitivity reduced
FucT	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	fucTa fucTb	T-DNA	无明显表型 No obvious phenotype	Kang et al.,2008
		fucTa fucTb	T-DNA	无明显表型 No obvious phenotype
		fucTa fucTb xylT	T-DNA	根系发育受阻，盐胁迫敏感性增加 Root development suppressed，salt stress sensitivity increased	Kang et al.,2008
	水稻 Oryza sativa	fuct	T-DNA	花药花粉发育受损，植株生长减弱；发育异常，对稻瘟病菌的敏感性增加 Anther pollen development impaired，plant growth weakened；development abnormal，susceptibility to Magnaporthe oryzae increased	Sim et al.,2018；
	水稻 Oryza sativa	fuct	T-DNA		Harmoko et al.,2016