哈尔滨芸薹根肿菌生理小种鉴定及绿色防控研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-1059

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由土传病原芸薹根肿菌（Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin）引起的根肿病是当前十字花科作物最重要的病害之一。采用Williams系统和欧洲根肿病鉴别（ECD）系统，对哈尔滨市阿城区、五常市和松北区的病原菌进行生理小种鉴定。在阿城区、五常市和松北区开展田间试验，探究分别由黄豆、豌豆、分蘖洋葱、大蒜和马铃薯作为前茬作物，后茬种植大白菜的轮作模式对根肿病发病的影响，并通过qPCR定量测定前茬作物种植和后茬大白菜收获后土壤中的休眠孢子数量，以评估轮作处理对休眠孢子数量的影响。此外，通过温室盆栽试验，评估杀菌剂和生防菌对大白菜根肿病的防治效果。结果表明，阿城区芸薹根肿菌的优势生理小种为P1，ECD31/31/28，五常市的为P2，ECD31/14/31，但松北区的大白菜根肿病病根未能使两个鉴别系统的植物发病。轮作试验显示，当豌豆和分蘖洋葱作为前茬作物时，后茬大白菜的病情指数显著降低，土壤中孢子数量也显著减少，说明前茬轮作这两种作物可作为防治大白菜根肿病的有效选择。在温室盆栽试验中，氟啶胺显著抑制大白菜根肿病发生，促进植株生长，是目前哈尔滨市大白菜根肿病防治的有效药剂。

关键词: 大白菜, 哈尔滨, 芸薹根肿菌, 生理小种, 根肿病防控, 轮作

Abstract:

Clubroot，caused by the soil-borne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin，is a major challenge for Brassicaceae crops. In this study，using the Williams system and European Clubroot Differential（ECD）series，pathotypes of P. brassicae collected from Acheng District，Wuchang City，and Songbei District in Harbin were identified. Acheng District had the P1 pathotype（ECD31/31/28），and Wuchang City had the P2 pathotype（ECD31/14/31），while the strains from Songbei District didn’t infect the plants in either system. Additionally，to evaluate the effect of crop rotation，the different crops including soybean，pea，potato-onion，garlic and potato as predecessors to Chinese cabbage disease index at the above three sites，quantitative PCR was used to quantify the number of dormant spores in the soil before and after Chinese cabbage cultivation to assess the effect of preceding crop treatments on the dormant spores. The crop rotation experiment shows that pea and potato-onion rotations were particularly effective，significantly reducing both the disease index and the number of dormant spores in the soil，suggesting that crop rotation using these two crops as preceding crops can be a useful strategy for managing clubroot. Furthermore，greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of biological fungicides and biocontrol agents against Chinese cabbage clubroot disease. In greenhouse experiments，fluazinam proved highly effective，not only inhibiting the disease but also promoting plant growth. These findings make fluazinam a promising solution for managing clubroot in Harbin City so far.

Key words: Chinese cabbage, Harbin City, Plasmodiophora brassicae, physiological races, clubroot control, crop rotation

张舒晴, 门万杰, 田甜, 陈秋明, 叶听雨, 余红瑞, 马新焱, IQBAL Hussain, 雷娜, 余小林. 哈尔滨芸薹根肿菌生理小种鉴定及绿色防控研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(5): 1375-1388.

ZHANG Shuqing, MEN Wanjie, TIAN Tian, CHEN Qiuming, YE Tingyu, YU Hongrui, MA Xinyan, IQBAL Hussain, LEI Na, YU Xiaolin. Identification of Pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae and Study on Green Control in Harbin City[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(5): 1375-1388.

图/表 9

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鉴别寄主 Differential host	各病级株数Number of plants at different level				总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification	二进制 Binary	十进制 Decimal
鉴别寄主 Differential host	0	1	2	3	总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification	二进制 Binary	十进制 Decimal
ECD01	26	4	2	7	39	24.10	S	2⁰	1
ECD02	20	5	1	3	29	17.59	S	2¹	2
ECD03	31	0	3	10	44	26.82	S	2²	4
ECD04	1	11	15	24	51	71.18	S	2³	8
ECD05	0	0	3	42	45	97.33	S	2⁴	16
ECD06	15	10	4	6	35	32.57	S	2⁰	1
ECD07	3	1	5	33	42	86.43	S	2¹	2
ECD08	4	1	4	32	41	84.63	S	2²	4
ECD09	25	1	9	8	43	31.86	S	2³	8
ECD10	37	1	5	2	45	11.78	S	2⁴	16
ECD11	32	6	0	0	38	4.74	R	0	0
ECD12	30	12	1	0	43	9.77	R	0	0
ECD13	7	15	21	3	46	43.70	S	2²	4
ECD14	4	3	2	29	38	81.84	S	2³	8
ECD15	21	12	2	0	35	13.71	S	2⁴	16

鉴别寄主 Differential host	各病级株数Number of plants at different level				总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification	二进制 Binary	十进制 Decimal
鉴别寄主 Differential host	0	1	2	3	总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification	二进制 Binary	十进制 Decimal
ECD01	26	4	2	7	39	24.10	S	2⁰	1
ECD02	20	5	1	3	29	17.59	S	2¹	2
ECD03	31	0	3	10	44	26.82	S	2²	4
ECD04	1	11	15	24	51	71.18	S	2³	8
ECD05	0	0	3	42	45	97.33	S	2⁴	16
ECD06	15	10	4	6	35	32.57	S	2⁰	1
ECD07	3	1	5	33	42	86.43	S	2¹	2
ECD08	4	1	4	32	41	84.63	S	2²	4
ECD09	25	1	9	8	43	31.86	S	2³	8
ECD10	37	1	5	2	45	11.78	S	2⁴	16
ECD11	32	6	0	0	38	4.74	R	0	0
ECD12	30	12	1	0	43	9.77	R	0	0
ECD13	7	15	21	3	46	43.70	S	2²	4
ECD14	4	3	2	29	38	81.84	S	2³	8
ECD15	21	12	2	0	35	13.71	S	2⁴	16

鉴别寄主 Differential host	各病级株数Number of plants at different level				总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定 Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification
鉴别寄主 Differential host	0	1	2	3	总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定 Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification
‘Jersey Queen’	7	15	21	3	46	43.70	S
‘Badger Shipper’	32	6	0	0	38	4.74	R
‘Laurentian’	15	14	10	4	43	33.02	S
‘Wilhelmsburger’	37	1	5	2	45	11.78	S

鉴别寄主 Differential host	各病级株数Number of plants at different level				总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定 Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification
鉴别寄主 Differential host	0	1	2	3	总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定 Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification
‘Jersey Queen’	7	15	21	3	46	43.70	S
‘Badger Shipper’	32	6	0	0	38	4.74	R
‘Laurentian’	15	14	10	4	43	33.02	S
‘Wilhelmsburger’	37	1	5	2	45	11.78	S

鉴别寄主 Differential host	各病级株数Number of plants at different level				总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification	二进制 Binary	十进制 Decimal
鉴别寄主 Differential host	0	1	2	3	总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification	二进制 Binary	十进制 Decimal
ECD01	18	12	6	0	36	20.00	S	2⁰	1
ECD02	12	22	2	0	36	21.67	S	2¹	2
ECD03	1	1	12	22	36	81.94	S	2²	4
ECD04	0	0	32	4	36	64.44	S	2³	8
ECD05	1	0	27	8	36	67.22	S	2⁴	16
ECD06	33	3	0	0	36	2.50	R	0	0
ECD07	0	0	3	35	38	96.84	S	2¹	2
ECD08	0	0	9	27	36	90.00	S	2²	4
ECD09	8	1	11	14	34	61.47	S	2³	8
ECD10	35	0	0	3	38	7.89	R	0	0
ECD11	3	2	31	0	36	53.33	S	2⁰	1
ECD12	17	8	9	2	36	27.22	S	2¹	2
ECD13	0	0	0	36	36	100.00	S	2²	4
ECD14	0	0	9	27	36	90.00	S	2³	8
ECD15	10	11	13	0	34	32.65	S	2⁴	16