胡萝卜抽薹性相关调控基因的挖掘

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0980

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

未熟先期抽薹严重影响胡萝卜肉质根的商品价值，制约中国胡萝卜越冬和春播栽培生产。为研究胡萝卜抽薹机制，挖掘抽薹性状的关键基因，本研究中比较未熟抽薹敏感的一年生野生种‘松滋野生’（Ws）和耐抽薹的二年生栽培种‘Amsterdam Forcing’（Af）在3个关键生长时期的转录组数据，共检测到2 320个差异表达基因，主要富集在生物过程的细胞过程与代谢过程、细胞组分中的细胞部分以及分子功能中的催化活性和结合功能。本研究中挖掘到32个与抽薹开花相关同源基因，主要涉及光周期途径、赤霉素途径、春化途径以及开花整合因子。其中，AP1、AP2、AGL19、TPS1和4个SOC1基因的表达量在3个时期均存在显著差异，SOC1（DCAR_209690、DCAR_209695和DCAR_414778）在Ws中显著高表达，为胡萝卜抽薹机制研究以及不同抽薹性胡萝卜育种提供了依据。

关键词: 胡萝卜, 抽薹, 开花途径, 差异表达, SOC1

Abstract:

Premature bolting seriously affects the commercial value of carrot taproots and production of overwintering and spring cultivation in China. To study regulatory mechanism and identify functional genes related to bolting traits，we compared the transcriptome data of the wild species‘Songzi Wild’with bolting-sensitive and annual habit and the cultivated variety‘Amsterdam Forcing’with bolting-tolerant and biennial habit at three growth stages during bolting. A total of 2 320 differentially expressed genes were detected，which were mainly enriched in cellular processes and metabolic processes of biological processes，and the catalytic and binding activity functions in molecular functions. Finally，32 flowering time genes were identified，which mainly involved in the photoperiod，gibberellin，vernalization pathway and flowering integrator factors. Among them，the expression levels of AP1，AP2，AGL19，TPS1，and four SOC1 genes showed significantly higher differences in all three stages between two species. SOC1s（DCAR_209690，DCAR_209695 and DCAR_414778）were specifically expressed in Ws，which provided a scientific basis to research bolting traits and provided theoretical reference for the selection and breeding of carrot varieties with different bolting habits.

Key words: carrot, bolting, flowering pathway, differentially expressed, SOC1

姚香存, 刘星, 郭彩凤, 赵志伟, 陈旭, 庄飞云, 欧承刚. 胡萝卜抽薹性相关调控基因的挖掘[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(12): 3243-3256.

YAO Xiangcun, LIU Xing, GUO Caifeng, ZHAO Zhiwei, CHEN Xu, ZHUANG Feiyun, and OU Chenggang. Mining of Regulatory Genes Related to Bolting in Carrot[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(12): 3243-3256.

图/表 7

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基因（编号） Gene（ID）	上游引物（5′-3′） Forward primer	下游引物（5′-3′） Reverse primer
AP1（DCAR_313081）	CTACTGAAGAAGGCGAATGG	GGAGTACCGATGTTGACAGA
TPS1（MSTRG.28525）	AGTGGAAGATCAAGGAAGGC	CCCGCATCATTCACCGATAT
AGL19（DCAR_206377）	GAAAAACCGTAGCCGTTGAA	ACTCCCAGGAGCTTTTCTTT
SOC1（DCAR_209690）	CAAGCTCCATGAATTTGCCA	GTTTCATGCTTTAGATGCTGC
SOC1（DCAR_209695）	AGAAGGTTTGGGATCGTGTT	GAAGACCTGCATCTTTCTGG
SOC1（DCAR_414777）	TGCTCTCTTTTGCCTTTCCT	TGACTTCTATATACACACCTTTAGC
SOC1（DCAR_414778）	CTATTGGGAGAAGGTCTGGG	TGCTAGGGTCTTCTCCTTTTC
AP2（DCAR_729588）	GACACACCAAATTATCAAAATCAGT	GCCATGACTTGAGGAGAACT
Tubulin（X16608）	GAATACCAGCAGTACCAAGA	CATTACATATCTTGATGAGCC

基因（编号） Gene（ID）	上游引物（5′-3′） Forward primer	下游引物（5′-3′） Reverse primer
AP1（DCAR_313081）	CTACTGAAGAAGGCGAATGG	GGAGTACCGATGTTGACAGA
TPS1（MSTRG.28525）	AGTGGAAGATCAAGGAAGGC	CCCGCATCATTCACCGATAT
AGL19（DCAR_206377）	GAAAAACCGTAGCCGTTGAA	ACTCCCAGGAGCTTTTCTTT
SOC1（DCAR_209690）	CAAGCTCCATGAATTTGCCA	GTTTCATGCTTTAGATGCTGC
SOC1（DCAR_209695）	AGAAGGTTTGGGATCGTGTT	GAAGACCTGCATCTTTCTGG
SOC1（DCAR_414777）	TGCTCTCTTTTGCCTTTCCT	TGACTTCTATATACACACCTTTAGC
SOC1（DCAR_414778）	CTATTGGGAGAAGGTCTGGG	TGCTAGGGTCTTCTCCTTTTC
AP2（DCAR_729588）	GACACACCAAATTATCAAAATCAGT	GCCATGACTTGAGGAGAACT
Tubulin（X16608）	GAATACCAGCAGTACCAAGA	CATTACATATCTTGATGAGCC

途径 Pathway	基因（编号） Gene （ID）	差异表达时期 Differential expression period	差异表达情况Differential expression
途径 Pathway	基因（编号） Gene （ID）	差异表达时期 Differential expression period	T1	T2	T3
赤霉素途径 Gibberellin pathway	FPF1（DCAR_104965）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	GAI（DCAR_310431）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	GA2ox1（DCAR_520140）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	DCL4（DCAR_522155）	T2	—	上调Up	—
	GA2ox8（DCAR_623631）	T1、T3	下调Down	—	下调Down
	RGA1（DCAR_728880）	T1、T3	下调Down	—	下调Down
光周期途径 Photoperiodism pathway	COL5（DCAR_311184）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	PHYA（DCAR_933742）	T1	上调Up	—	—
	UBP13（DCAR_934132）	T1	上调Up	—	—
	CKB4（DCAR_100522）	T3	—	—	下调Down
	CDF2（DCAR_208082）	T3	—	—	下调Down
	UBP13（DCAR_311381）	T3	—	—	下调Down
	COL2（DCAR_730189）	T3	—	—	下调Down
	PRR73（DCAR_831017）	T3	—	—	下调Down
	ADO3（DCAR_832785）	T3	—	—	上调Up
	CDF2（DCAR_935982）	T3	—	—	下调Down
春化途径 Vernalization pathway	VIL2（DCAR_416202）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	FRL2（DCAR_519007）	T1	上调Up	—	—
	FLC（DCAR_728348）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	AGL19（DCAR_206377）	T1、T2、T3	下调Down	下调Down	下调Down
自主途径	FCA（DCAR_103025）	T3	—	—	下调Down
Autonomous pathway
温敏途径 Ambient temperature pathway	TPL（DCAR_729343）	T1、T3	上调Up	—	上调Up
整合因子 Integrator	SOC1（DCAR_207781）	T3	—	—	上调Up
	SOC1（DCAR_209690）	T1、T2、T3	上调Up	上调Up	上调Up
	SOC1（DCAR_209695）	T1、T2、T3	上调Up	上调Up	上调Up
	SOC1（DCAR_414777）	T1、T2、T3	下调Down	下调Down	下调Down
	SOC1（DCAR_414778）	T1、T2、T3	上调Up	上调Up	上调Up
年龄途径 Aging pathway	JMJ14（MSTRG.31033）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	AP2（DCAR_312348）	T1、T3	下调Down	—	下调Down
	AP1（DCAR_313081）	T1、T2、T3	上调Up	上调Up	上调Up
	AP2（DCAR_729588）	T1、T2、T3	下调Down	下调Down	下调Down
无信息 No pathway information	TPS1（MSTRG.28525）	T1、T2、T3	上调Up	上调Up	上调Up

途径 Pathway	基因（编号） Gene （ID）	差异表达时期 Differential expression period	差异表达情况Differential expression
途径 Pathway	基因（编号） Gene （ID）	差异表达时期 Differential expression period	T1	T2	T3
赤霉素途径 Gibberellin pathway	FPF1（DCAR_104965）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	GAI（DCAR_310431）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	GA2ox1（DCAR_520140）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	DCL4（DCAR_522155）	T2	—	上调Up	—
	GA2ox8（DCAR_623631）	T1、T3	下调Down	—	下调Down
	RGA1（DCAR_728880）	T1、T3	下调Down	—	下调Down
光周期途径 Photoperiodism pathway	COL5（DCAR_311184）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	PHYA（DCAR_933742）	T1	上调Up	—	—
	UBP13（DCAR_934132）	T1	上调Up	—	—
	CKB4（DCAR_100522）	T3	—	—	下调Down
	CDF2（DCAR_208082）	T3	—	—	下调Down
	UBP13（DCAR_311381）	T3	—	—	下调Down
	COL2（DCAR_730189）	T3	—	—	下调Down
	PRR73（DCAR_831017）	T3	—	—	下调Down
	ADO3（DCAR_832785）	T3	—	—	上调Up
	CDF2（DCAR_935982）	T3	—	—	下调Down
春化途径 Vernalization pathway	VIL2（DCAR_416202）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	FRL2（DCAR_519007）	T1	上调Up	—	—
	FLC（DCAR_728348）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	AGL19（DCAR_206377）	T1、T2、T3	下调Down	下调Down	下调Down
自主途径	FCA（DCAR_103025）	T3	—	—	下调Down
Autonomous pathway
温敏途径 Ambient temperature pathway	TPL（DCAR_729343）	T1、T3	上调Up	—	上调Up
整合因子 Integrator	SOC1（DCAR_207781）	T3	—	—	上调Up
	SOC1（DCAR_209690）	T1、T2、T3	上调Up	上调Up	上调Up
	SOC1（DCAR_209695）	T1、T2、T3	上调Up	上调Up	上调Up
	SOC1（DCAR_414777）	T1、T2、T3	下调Down	下调Down	下调Down
	SOC1（DCAR_414778）	T1、T2、T3	上调Up	上调Up	上调Up
年龄途径 Aging pathway	JMJ14（MSTRG.31033）	T1	下调Down	—	—
	AP2（DCAR_312348）	T1、T3	下调Down	—	下调Down
	AP1（DCAR_313081）	T1、T2、T3	上调Up	上调Up	上调Up
	AP2（DCAR_729588）	T1、T2、T3	下调Down	下调Down	下调Down
无信息 No pathway information	TPS1（MSTRG.28525）	T1、T2、T3	上调Up	上调Up	上调Up