枯草芽孢杆菌J6-1对桃褐腐病菌的抑菌活性分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0954

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为防治由果生链核盘菌（Monilinia fructicola）引起的桃褐腐病，采用平皿对峙法筛选出拮抗细菌枯草芽孢杆菌J6-1，并分析其对桃褐腐病的防治效果和拮抗机制。结果显示，菌株J6-1对桃褐腐病菌的抑制率达到74%，且具有广谱抑菌活性。菌株J6-1能产生蛋白酶、纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶等水解酶，其上清液可以破坏菌丝细胞膜，诱导桃果实病程相关基因（PpPR1）的表达。2%、4%、6%、8%的J6-1上清液对桃褐腐病菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为64.3%、70.2%、79.75%、85.43%，抑制能力随浓度升高而逐渐增强，且2%的J6-1上清液能引起桃褐腐病菌菌丝变细、消解，原生质外渗，菌丝细胞膜受损。J6-1粗提物中差异幅度最大的前10个差异代谢物主要是氨基酸及其衍生物。桃果实接种M. fructicola 3 d进行菌株J6-1菌悬液、上清液与粗提物处理，抑制效果分别为73.81%、82.48%、92.66%。表明菌株J6-1对桃褐腐病具有良好的防治效果。

关键词: 桃, 褐腐病, 枯草芽孢杆菌, 生物防治, 抑制效果, 病程相关基因

Abstract:

In order to effectively control peach brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola，the antagonistic bacteria Bacillus subtilis J6-1 was screened by plate confrontation method，and the prevention effect and antagonistic mechanism were analyzed. The results showed that strain J6-1 exhibited an inhibition rate of 74% against M. fructicola and displayed broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The strain J6-1 could produce hydrolases such as protease，cellulase，and glucanase，and its supernatant could destroy the cell membrane of the mycelium and induce the expression of pathogenesis-related genes（PpPR1）in peach fruit. Treatment with 2%，4%，6% and 8% of J6-1 supernatant resulted in mycelial growth inhibition rates of 64.3%，70.2%，79.75% and 85.43%，respectively. The inhibition ability enhanced gradually with the increase of the concentration，and 2% J6-1 supernatant could cause the mycelia of M. fructicola to become thinner and digested，the protoplasts exuded，and cell membrane integrity loss. The top 10 differentially abundant metabolites of J6-1 crude extract，primarily consisting of amino acids and their derivatives. In vivo assays，the inhibition rates of strain J6-1 suspension，supernatant and crude extract on the mycelial growth of M. fructicola were 73.81%，82.48% and 92.66% at 3 days post inoculation，respectively. These findings indicate that B. subtilis J6-1 has good control effect on peach brown rot.

Key words: peach, peach brown rot, Bacillus subtilis, biological control, inhibition effect, pathogenesis-related genes

李晓倩, 王卓妮, 史冰柯, 王丽, 周贝贝, 涂洪涛, 袁洪波, 侯珲. 枯草芽孢杆菌J6-1对桃褐腐病菌的抑菌活性分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(1): 229-243.

LI Xiaoqian, WANG Zhuoni, SHI Bingke, WANG Li, ZHOU Beibei, TU Hongtao, YUAN Hongbo, HOU Hui. Analysis of Antagonistic Activity of Bacillus subtilis J6-1 Against Monilinia fructicola[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(1): 229-243.

图/表 12

表1 引物信息

Table 1 Primer information

基因 Gene	引物 Primer	引物序列（5'-3'） Primer sequence	片段大小/bp Size
PpTEF2	PpTEF2-F	GGTGTGACGATGAAGAGTGATG	129
	PpTEF2-R	TGAAGGAGAGGGAAGGTGAAAG	129
PpPR1	PpPR1-F	TCTAACACTTGTGCCGATGAC	126
	PpPR1-R	ATAGTTGCACCCGATGAAGG	126

图1 4株芽孢杆菌对桃褐腐病菌的抑制效果

Fig.1 Inhibitory effect of 4 strains of Bacillus on Monilinia fructicola

图2 枯草芽孢杆菌J6-1抑菌广谱性测定各小图中左侧为对照，右侧为J6-1处理

Fig. 2 Determination of broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of Bacillus subtilis J6-1 In each small picture，the left side is the control and the right side is J6-1 treatment

图3 菌株J6-1对桃褐腐病菌菌丝形态结构的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of strain J6-1 on mycelial structure of Monilinia fructicola

图4 菌株J6-1产生水解酶情况

Fig. 4 Production of hydrolases by strain J6-1

图5 菌株J6-1上清液对桃褐腐病菌的抑制作用不同小写字母表示差异显著（Duncan’s test，P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 5 Suppression of strain J6-1 supernatant on Monilinia fructicola Different lowercase letters denote statistical differences（P < 0.05）based on Duncan’s test. The same below

图6 菌株J6-1上清液对桃褐腐病菌菌丝形态的影响

Fig. 6 Effect of strain J6-1 supernatant on hyphae of Monilinia fructicola

图7 菌株J6-1上清液对桃褐腐病菌细胞膜通透性的影响

Fig. 7 Effect of strain J6-1 supernatant on the cell membrane permeability of Monilinia fructicola

图8 菌株J6-1粗提物对桃褐腐病菌的抑制效果 * 代表经t检验在 P < 0.05 水平差异显著。下同

Fig. 8 Inhibition of strain J6-1 extracts on Monilinia fructicola * indicate a significant difference at the P < 0.05 level based on Student’s t-test. The same below

表2 菌株J6-1粗提物中的差异代谢物筛选结果（前10）

Table. 2 Screening results of differential metabolites in strain J6-1 crude extract（top 10）

物质 Compounds	分子式 Formula	相对含量Relative abundance		差异倍数 Fold Change (FC)	log₂FC
物质 Compounds	分子式 Formula	J6-1	对照 Control	差异倍数 Fold Change (FC)	log₂FC
甲硫氨酰-异亮氨酸 Met-Ile	C₁₁H₂₂N₂O₃S	87 275.06	28.00	3 116.97	11.61
蛇麻酮Lupulone	C₂₆H₃₈O₄	957 861.62	828.62	1 155.97	10.17
己二酸二丁酯Dibutyl adipate	C₁₄H₂₆O₄	34 715.93	33.75	1 028.62	10.01
组氨酸-异亮氨酸 His-Ile	C₁₂H₂₀N₄O₃	595 331.19	639.28	931.25	9.86
多根乌头碱Carmicheline	C₂₂H₃₅NO₄	73 407.65	88.60	828.53	9.69
脯氨酰-色氨酸-色氨酸 Pro-Trp-Trp	C₂₇H₂₉N₅O₄	1 976 227.49	2 493.55	792.54	9.63
L-苯丙氨醇L-Phenylalaninol	C₉H₁₃NO	60 921.22	91.80	663.63	9.37
L-异亮氨酸-L-精氨酸-L-赖氨酸 Ile-Arg-Lys	C₁₈H₃₇N₇O₄	99 512.73	173.92	572.18	9.16
马鲁比因Marrubiin	C₂₀H₂₈O₄	36 648.90	78.58	466.39	8.87
脯氨酰-精氨酰-缬氨酸 Pro-Arg-Val	C₁₆H₃₀N₆O₄	100 728.10	221.28	455.21	8.83

图9 菌株J6-1对桃果实褐腐病的防治效果

Fig. 9 Effect of strain J6-1 on the prevention of peach brown rot

图10 qRT-PCR 检测菌株J6-1上清液处理对桃果实病程相关基因表达的影响

Fig. 10 qRT-PCR assay for peach related genes induced by strain J6-1

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