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园艺学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 1391-1399.

• 蔬菜 • 上一篇    下一篇

健蒜、多籽蒜和新疆蒜的核型特征

杨天灵1,2,3,宁雅楠1,林辰壹1,2,*,席延坡1,2,3,巴亚文1,2,王 鹏1,2   

  1. 1 新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052;2 新疆农业大学设施农业研究所,乌鲁木齐 830052;3 新疆特
    色果树研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 出版日期:2014-07-25 发布日期:2014-07-25
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(31160396);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2011211A024)

Karyotype Characteristics of Allium robustum,A. fetisowii and A. roborowskianum

YANG Tian-ling1,2,3,NING Ya-nan1,LIN Chen-yi1,2,*,XI Yan-po1,2,3,BA Ya-wen1,2,and WANG Peng1,2   

  1. 1College of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumuqi 830052,China; 2 Institute of Controlled
    Environment Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumuqi 830052,China;3Research Center for Xinjiang
    Characteristic Fruit Tree,Urumuqi 830052,China
  • Online:2014-07-25 Published:2014-07-25

摘要: 采用压片法对健蒜(Allium robustum)、多籽蒜(A. fetisowii)和新疆蒜(A. roborowskianum)
3 种5 居群进行核型分析,结果表明,多籽蒜染色体数为2n = 2x = 20 和2n = 3x = 30,核型分类为2B 类;
健蒜和新疆蒜染色体数均为2n = 2x = 16,核型分类均为2A 类。多籽蒜中裕民—塔城居群的核型公式为
K(2n)= 2x = 20 = 12m + 7sm + 1st,裕民居群二倍体和三倍体核型公式分别为K(2n)= 2x = 20 = 12m +
6sm + 2st 和K(2n)= 3x = 30 = 18m + 6sm + 6st。新疆蒜2 个居群的核型公式都为K(2n)= 2x = 16 = 12m +
4sm。健蒜的核型公式为K(2n)= 2x = 16 = 14m + 2sm。健蒜的1 条m 染色体和新疆蒜奇台居群的1 条
sm 染色体的短臂上有随体出现。不同种类的染色体相对长度组成存在差异,多籽蒜含L、M2、M1 和S
染色体,新疆蒜缺失L 和S 染色体,健蒜缺失L 染色体。多籽蒜种内存在倍性分化,首次发现三倍体。

关键词: 葱属, 健蒜, 多籽蒜, 新疆蒜, 核型, 二倍体, 三倍体

Abstract: Karyotypes of 5 populations to Allium robustum,A. fetisowii and A. roborowskianum
originated from Xinjiang were analyzed by squash method. The result showed that the chromosome
numbers of A. fetisowii were 2n = 2x = 20 and 2n = 3x = 30,and its karyotype was 2B. The chromosome
numbers of A. robustum and A. roborowskianum were 2n = 2x = 16 respectively,and their karyotype was
all 2A. The karyotype formular of A. fetisowii in Yumin-Tacheng population was K(2n)= 2x = 20 = 12m +
7sm + 1st. The karyotype formular of A. fetisowii in Yumin population were K(2n)= 2x = 20 = 12m + 6sm
+ 2st and K(2n)= 3x = 30 = 18m + 6sm + 6st. The karyotype formular of A. roborowskianum in
Yumi-Tacheng and Qitai populations were K(2n)= 2x = 16 = 12m + 4sm,and the karyotype formular of
A. robustum was K(2n)= 2x = 16 = 14m + 2sm. Satellite appeared on the short arm in m chromosome of
A. robustum and sm chromosome of A. roborowskianum in Qitai population. The compositions of
chromosome relative length were different in different species. A. fetisowii had all 4 kinds of chromosomes
based on the index of relative length,A. roborowskianum missed L and S chromosome,and A. robustum had no L chromosome. A. fetisowii has intraspecific ploidy differentiation,and its triploid is reported for the first time.

Key words: Allium, A. robustum, A. fetisowii, A. roborowskianum, karyotype, diploid, triploid

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