Research Papers

• Effects of MdMYB10 Gene on Phenylalanine Metabolism of Apple Peel
• ZHANG Bo1，QU Dong2，YANG Huijuan1，YANG Yazhou1，WANG Fan1，ZHU Zhenzhen1，and ZHAO Zhengyang1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1429-1440. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0653
• Abstract ( 501 ) HTML ( 718 ) PDF (1305KB) ( 718 ) 　　　
• MdMYB10 gene plays crucial roles on anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruits（Malus × domestica）. However，the effects of MdMYB10 on other polyphenols biosynthesis in phenylalanine metabolism pathway are still unclear. In this study，MdMYB10 was cloned from the peel of‘Pink Lady’apple fruit. The overexpression vector pCAMBIA2301-MdMYB10 and interference vector pTRV-MdMYB10 were constructed respectively to verify the function of MdMYB10. In order to analyze the effect of MdMYB10 on phenylalanine metabolism in the peel of unbagged apple fruit，the overexpression and silence of MdMYB10 was induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens injection. The results indicated that in the MdMYB10 overexpression apple fruit peel，MdMYB10 expression level was raised 19.62 times，and the expressions of MdPAL，MdCHS，MdF3H，MdDFR，MdANS，MdUFGT，MdFLS and MdANR were up-regulated with varying degrees，but no significant change was found for the MdLAR expression. In the MdMYB10 silenced apple fruit peel，the expression of MdMYB10 was down-regulated by 87%，and the expressions of MdCHS，MdF3H，MdDFR，MdANS and MdUFGT were suppressed in different degrees. Among them，the expression of MdANS and MdUFGT decreased most，with 83% and 82%，respectively. In addition，anthocyanins accumulation in the peel of apple fruits with overexpression vector increased 3.05 times. The content of quercetin-3-O-galactoside，epicatechin，procyanidins B2，chlorogenic acid and coumaric acid increased with varying degrees，and phlorizins concentration did not show significant change. In MdMYB10 silenced apple peel，anthocyanins accumulation decreased by 83%，and quercetin-3-O-galactoside and epicatechin content decreased by 58% and 52%，respectively. Procyanidins B2 and phlorizin concentration did not show significant change. By contrast，chlorogenic acid and coumaric acid content increased by 24% and 21%，respectively. Therefore，MdMYB10 gene not only regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit peel，but also regulates the chlorogenic acid，coumaric acid，quercetin-3-O-galactoside，epicatechin and procyanidins B2 biosynthesis in phenylalanine metabolism. However，no obvious effect was shown on phlorizin biosynthesis.
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• Function Analysis of VvmiR397a and Its Target Genes VvLACs in Grape Berry Development
• WANG Wenran1，WANG Chen1,*，XIE Zhenqiang2，JIA Haifeng1，TANG Wei1，CUI Mengjie1，and FANG Jinggui1
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1441-1455. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0059
• Abstract ( 201 ) HTML ( 690 ) PDF (2576KB) ( 690 ) 　　　
• Using grape（Vitis vinifera）cultivar‘Wink’as experimental materials，we determined VvmiR397a precursor（VvmiR397a）as 594 bp by clone and sequencing，which was further folded into a typical hairpin structure，representing the authenticity of VvmiR397a；meanwhile，the mature sequence of VvmiR397a was identified with 21 bp and based on this，we prophesied its target genes including VvLAC4，VvLAC7，VvLAC11，VvLAC14，and VvLAC17，which belong to LAC family of lignin synthesis key enzymes. The target domains，motif sequence analysis，and tertiary structure prediction showed that all LAC protein sequences have three same Cuoxidase domains，both element types，arrangement order of motifs，and tertiary structure，indicating that the LAC protein structure is relatively conservative，suggesting the conserved functionality. The phylogenetic analysis of 74 LAC genes from diverse plant species depicted that the genetic relationship between grape LAC genes and Populus trichocarpa LAC genes was closer than those of Arabidopsis thaliana，intimating that the grape LAC genes might have a high degree of conservation contrary to the woody plants. Subsequently，gibberellin responsive cis-acting elements（TATC-box，GARE，P-box）were identified in VvmiR397a，VvLAC4，VvLAC11，VvLAC14，and VvLAC17 promoter sequences，indicating their possible involvement in the regulation of GA-responsive grape growth and development. Moreover，the qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of VvmiR397a was significantly hoisted by GA and expressed highly in young berries during development as compared to other tissues，while its target gene VvLACs showed reciprocal expression pattern，particularly，the highest expression at the stone hardening stage，elucidating that VvmiR397a may participate in the grape berry stone development through negative regulation of VvLACs gene. RLM-RACE and PPM-RACE verified the cleavage roles of various VvLACs by VvmiR397a，and their cleavages were the sturdiest in young grape berries and the weakest in stone hardening stage of berries，similar to the expression tendency of VvmiR397a.
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• Investigation and Analysis on the Berry Shape of Grape Germplasm Resources
• ZHANG Peian1，FAN Xiucai2，LIU Zhongjie1，WU Weiming3，LIU Chonghuai2,*，and FANG Jinggui1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1456-1466. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0709
• Abstract ( 321 ) HTML ( 753 ) PDF (1508KB) ( 753 ) 　　　
• Analyzing the berry shapes of grape germplasms can provide a good basis for understanding the berry shape characteristics and breeding parent selection. In this study，820 grape germplasms were selected（286 through field surveys，534 from《Chinese grape》and《Chinese grape varieties》）. The type of different berry shapes and varieties of grape，the distribution of the fruit weight and its correlation with fruit diameter，the number of different berry shapes etc. were studied. The results showed that the particles of obovoid and narrow lipsoid fruits were larger，while the round grape fruits were smaller. The Vitis vinifera L. has more broad lipsoid and ovoid shapes，and there are more obovoid varieties of Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca. Table grapes are more elongated than wine，raisin and juice grapes. Black grapes are mainly round and nearly round，but white and red grapes have a rich berry shape. From the point of view of the breeding process，the berry shape of the grape is mainly round，and then became mainly round，nearly round and broad lipsoid，and more and more fruit forms appear one after another. Round，broad lipsoid and obovoid grape’s horizontal，longitudinal can fit well with fruit weights. There may be differences in the berry shape of the same grape variety，with broad lipsoid changes being prevalent.
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• Differential Monoterpenes Accumulation of‘Xiangfei’and‘Zao Meiguixiang’Grapes Between Greenhouse and Open-field Cultivation
• SUN Lei，QIAN Xu，ZHANG Guojun，YAN Ailing，WANG Xiaoyue，WANG Huiling，REN Jiancheng，and XU Haiying*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1467-1478. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0843
• Abstract ( 373 ) HTML ( 619 ) PDF (1635KB) ( 619 ) 　　　
• The effect of greenhouse cultivation on accumulation of monoterpenes in table grapes remains unclear. The early ripening table grape varieties‘Xiangfei’and‘Zao Meiguixiang’were grown in the greenhouse and open-field as the control. Headspace solid phase micro-extraction（HS–SPME）and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry（GC–MS）combined with Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System（AMDIS）were employed to analyze the free monoterpenes in grape berries. A total of 29 monoterpenes from mevalonate pathway were identified. The total content of monoterpenes of the two varieties increased during berry development and‘Xiangfei’grape had higher monoterpenes content than‘Zao Meiguixiang’grape at maturity. The monoterpenes content of berries under open-field cultivation were significantly higher than that in greenhouse. The monoterpene of‘Zao Meiguixiang’grape in greenhouse could be clearly distinguished from the control by principal component analysis（PCA），but the ripening‘Xiangfei’grape in greenhouse was close to the control. In general，grape berries under open-field cultivation produced higher content of limonene，(Z)-allo-ocimene，(E,Z)- allo-ocimene，linalool，β-myrcene，terpinolen，(Z)-β-ocimene，cis/trans rose oxide，β-citronellol and cis-pyran linalool oxide.
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• Screening and Expression Analysis of Related Genes Based on Transcriptome Sequencing of Ginkgo Flower Buds at Three Differentiation Stages
• HE Chongdan1,2，CAI Yumeng2，LI Meng1,2，DONG Jinjin2，LIU Wei2，WANG Junyi2，and WANG Yiqiang1,2,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1479-1490. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0023
• Abstract ( 297 ) HTML ( 759 ) PDF (1482KB) ( 759 ) 　　　
• This study identified of Ginkgo biloba flower bud differentiation key genes，to reveal the main molecular mechanism of ginkgo flower bud differentiation regulation，and provide theoretical guidance for shortening the juvenile phase and breeding early flowering varieties. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the transcriptomes of three different stages of flower bud differentiation，and digital expression profiles were analyzed to screen ginkgo flowering regulatory related genes. Genes were verified by qPCR. A total of 27.52 Gb of raw data was generated by transcriptome sequencing，and the total number of unigenes annotated in the 8 functional databases（GO，COG，KEGG，KOG，NR，Pfam，Swiss-Prot，and eggNOG）was 35 179. The unigenes were classified into 55 GO categories and 126 metabolic pathways. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that 2 253 genes were up-regulated and 2 032 genes were down-regulated during the flower bud undifferentiated stage vs. initial stage of flower bud differentiation. A total of 1 770 genes were up-regulated and 1 901 genes were down-regulated during the initial stage of flower bud differentiation vs. flower bud differentiation stage. The flower bud undifferentiated stage vs. flower bud differentiation stage，1 865 genes were up-regulated and 2 042 genes were down-regulated. A large number of genes related to flowering were discovered，involving five flowering regulatory pathways（Photocycle pathway，Vernalization pathway，Gibberellin pathway，Autonomous pathway，and Age pathway）. Six key genes，such as gene.Gb_17618（GI unigene），gene.Gb_19790（FT/TFL1 unigene），gene.Gb_16301（AG unigene），gene.Gb_28337（MADS-box unigene），gene.Gb_01884（SOC1 unigene），and gene.Gb_41704（CO unigene），were selected. Their RT-qPCR expression was consistent with that of the transcriptome.
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• Isolation of the Citrus CsHB1 Gene Promoter and Its Preliminary Functional Analysis
• ZHANG Mengyuan1,2，XIE Xingnan1，LI Ying1，and GE Xiaoxia1,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1491-1500. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0088
• Abstract ( 310 ) HTML ( 708 ) PDF (2379KB) ( 708 ) 　　　
• Two promoter sequences（1 741 bp and 1 613 bp）of the somatic embryogenesis development-related gene CsHB1 were cloned from genomic DNA of‘Valencia’sweet orange. The sequence similarity of these two promoters is 90.7%. There is a 141 bp fragment difference between them，which contains two Box4 cis-acting elements. The cis-acting elements of promoter were analyzed and predicted using PlantCare databases. The results indicated that the CsHB1 promoter sequence included a variety of response elements，such as endosperm specific elements，meristem expression elements，light-responsive elements，heat stress responsiveness elements，and MYB binding site. In order to study the function of CsHB1 promoter，a promoter-reporter vector prCsHB1::GUS was constructed，and introduced into Arabidopsis by Agrobacterium-mediated method. A total of 13 homozygotes were obtained with prCsHB1-1::GUS，and a total of 10 homozygotes were obtained with prCsHB1-2::GUS. GUS staining activity was detected in different tissues. The results showed that two promoter vectors were transferred and expressed successfully in Arabidopsis，and the GUS activity was mainly detected in callus and anther，not in the pods，blade and seedlings.
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• Cloning and Expression Analysis of miR166 Primary Gene during the Early Stage of Somatic Embryogenesis of Longan
• ZHANG Qinglin，SU Liyao，LI Xue，ZHANG Shuting，XU Xiaoping，CHEN Xiaohui，WANG Peiyu，LI Rong，ZHANG Zihao，CHEN Yukun，LAI Zhongxiong*，and LIN Yuling*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1501-1512. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0138
• Abstract ( 188 ) HTML ( 535 ) PDF (1603KB) ( 535 ) 　　　
• In order to understand the structural characteristics of primary miR166 S53 gene （Pri-miR166 S53）and the expression pattern of its precursor and mature miRNA in the early stage of somatic embryogenesis（SE）in longan，SMARTTM RACE kit and PCR amplification were used to clone the pri-miR166 S53，to confirm its transcription start site and predict its potential ORF；longan genome database was used to extract its promoter sequence and predict cis-acting element；real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression pattern of miR166 gene precursor（Pre-miR166 S53）and mature（miR166a.2）in longan early SE and in embryogenic callus under different hormone treatments. The results showed that the primary sequence of Pri-miR166 S53 gene was obtained with a length of 317 bp，encoded 13 amino acid sequence of miPEP（MLCFVDALFLIST）. Analysis of promoter sequence of Pri-miR166 S53 gene using bioinformatics software revealed that in addition to TATA/CAAT-box，it also contains auxin，abscisic acid，ethylene，salicylic acid，methyl jasmonate，spl，HSE，and other specific elements. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that pre-miR166 S53 and mature miR166a.2 showed a down trend in the early stage of 2,4-D-regulated longan SE during the process from friable-embryogenic callus（EC）into globular embryos；however，pre-miR166 S53 and miR166a.2 showed different expression patterns in the early stage of SE without 2,4-D regulation. In addition，pre-miR166 S53 was down-regulated in EC at different concentrations of ABA and ethylene treatment，but no response to 2,4-D；miR166a.2 was down-regulated in EC under different concentrations of 2,4-D，ABA，but up-regulated under ethylene treatment. The above results suggest that pre-miR166 S53 and miR166a.2 are not simple linear correlation patterns in the response to exogenous hormone，there may be multi-level，multi-directional regulation.
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• Effect of S-adenosylmethionine on Growth and Physiological Metabolism of Cucumber Cutting Seedlings
• LIU Xin，LI Xiaotong，JING Xin，WANG Shuoshuo，GONG Biao，WEI Min，and SHI Qinghua*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1513-1522. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0022
• Abstract ( 243 ) HTML ( 573 ) PDF (742KB) ( 573 ) 　　　
• ‘Jinyan 4’cucumber was used as experimental material to study the effect of exogenous S-adenosylmethionine（SAM）on root generation，seedling growth and physiological metabolism. The results showed that the root growth，chlorophyll accumulation，photosynthetic rate were significantly improved in cucumber cutting seedlings treated with 50 μmol · L-1 SAM solution for 5 min，and N，P，K contents and cucumber seedlings growth were promoted. Further investigations indicated that SAM treatment up-regulated the expression of polyamines and auxin-related genes as well as polyamine and auxin accumulation in cucumber hypocotyls，which was the possible mechanism of SAM promoting root regeneration and plant growth of cucumber cutting seedlings.
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• Effects of Overexpression of SlMYB102 on the Tomato Seed Germination and Growth
• ZHANG Xu，CHEN Lichen，and REN Zhonghai*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1523-1534. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0001
• Abstract ( 339 ) HTML ( 561 ) PDF (2658KB) ( 561 ) 　　　
• A total of 121 R2R3-MYB transcription factors were identified in the tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.）genome. But the biological function for most of these transcription factors was not clear. To explore the function of SlMYB102，its coding region of 1 089 bp was cloned from‘Micro-Tom’tomato（WT）by PCR. Conserved domain and phylogenetic analysis showed that SlMYB102 included two conserved domanins of MYB and shared the highest similarity with StMYB34. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the protein encoded by SlMYB102 was located in the nucleus. SlMYB102 was expressed in all tissues，and relatively higher expression level was observed in stem，leaf and flower. Two transgenic tomato lines overexpressing SlMYB102 were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The germination rate of the seeds from the transgenic lines was faster than that from WT，while the plant height，leaf area，fresh weight of shoot and root were all decreased. However，the leaf epidermal cell size did not change in the transgenic lines compared with WT. Therefore，the over- expression of SlMYB102 may negatively regulate plant growth by reducing cell division in tomato.
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• Genome Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the bZIP Gene Family in Pepper
• WEI Ruimin，ZHENG Jingyuan，LIU Feng，MA Yanqing，LI Xuefeng，YANG Bozhi，ZOU Xuexiao，XIE Lingling*，and DAI Xiongze*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1535-1550. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0033
• Abstract ( 235 ) HTML ( 827 ) PDF (2978KB) ( 827 ) 　　　
• In this study，we systematically identified genes from the genome of pepper and elucidated their phylogenetic relationships by bioinformatics. Based on the pepper whole genome sequence，CabZIP gene family chromosome location，conserved motif，gene structure，tissue-specific transcription patterns and response to ABA stress were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 54 CabZIP genes were identified and they were distributed on 11 chromosomes. The pepper bZIP gene family were divided into 10 groups and each of group included a range of genes. This gene family contained 0–11 introns. The CabZIP gene family exhibited distinct expression pattern in different tissues. The CabZIP gene could be repressed or activated by ABA treatment. Those results will provide a foundation for further functional research on CabZIP genes in pepper.
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• Development of SSR Markers Based on Potato Genome Sequence and Construction of A Higher-density Linkage Map
• XIAO Guilin1，XU Zhuqing1，CAO Hongju1，LI Jingcai2，XIA Junhui1,*，and SONG Botao1
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1551-1562. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0301
• Abstract ( 190 ) HTML ( 456 ) PDF (1078KB) ( 456 ) 　　　
• In the present research，we identified SSRs in the released potato genome sequence by in silico survey and analyzed their distribution. Using developed SSR primers on target chromosomes，the linkage map was condensed and our interested QTLs were reanalyzed. The results showed that there were 28 609 SSR sequences distributed on 12 potato chromosomes. Among them，the numbers of 2 base，3 base and 4 base motif SSR sequences were 15 943，11 053 and 1 613，respectively. The number of repetitive sequences rich in A or T accounted for 88.6%，45.0% and 26.0% of the total number of SSR sequences with 2 base，3 base and 4 base motif，respectively. According to the conserved flanking sequences on both sides of the SSR sequence，40 pairs of primers on chromosome 5（chr05）were designed，of which 35 pairs can be effectively amplified and 20 pairs were shown polymorphic. As a result，32 polymorphic loci of 13 pairs of primers were located on chr05. Utilization of these makers reduces the average marker interval from 9.0 cM to 1.7 cM and the interval of the cold-induced sweetening resistant QTL from 26.0 cM to 4.0 cM. Besides，59 pairs of primers on chromosome 6（chr06）were designed，of which 54 pairs were clearly amplified and 25 pairs shown polymorphic. As a result，30 polymorphic loci of 12 pairs of primers were located on chr06，which reduces the average marker interval from 5.5 cM to 3.5 cM and the interval of the cold-induced sweetening resistant QTL from 9.0 cM to 3.7 cM. The results have laid a good foundation for mapping the genes controlling cold-induced sweetening resistance，and also provided related markers for molecular breeding of potato.
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• Effects of Widening Row Spacing and Shortening Plant Spacing on the Photosynthetic Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Potato
• YANG Xiaolu，YANG Hang，WANG Jichun*，AN Jiangang，CHEN Longtong，and WANG Xing
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1563-1574. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0096
• Abstract ( 248 ) HTML ( 586 ) PDF (732KB) ( 586 ) 　　　
• To provide theoretical basis of the optimal row and plant spacing for high yield and quality of potato under certain planting density，in this study，four and seven ratio of row spacing to plant spacing were applied under two planting densities of 3.75 × 104 and 6 × 104 plants · hm-2，respectively，to identify the effect of widening row spacing and shortening plant spacing，which is to increase the ratio of row spacing to plant spacing，on dry matter weight，light distribution，photosynthetic characteristics，chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics，yield and starch，protein，vitamin C，reducing sugar content in potato cultivar Qingshu 9. The results showed that dry matter weight of stems and leaves，leaf area index，chlorophyll content，Pn，Tr，Gs，Fv/Fm，PSⅡ，qP，yield and content of starch，vitamin C，and soluble protein were significantly or extremely significantly increased under the low ratio of 1.5 or high ratio of 2.5 of row spacing to plant spacing，but Ci，NPQ and reducing sugar content exhibited opposite tendency. The optimal row spacing and plant spacing for potato cultivar Qingshu 9 to obtain high yield and good quality under the planting density of 3.75 × 104 and 6 × 104 plants · hm-2，were 63.3 cm/ 42.2 cm and 64.6 cm/25.8 cm，respectively.
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• Effects of Ethylene on Opening and Senescence Process of Herbaceous Peony Cut Flowers‘Banker Hill’and‘Yangfei Chuyu’
• YANG Ruowen*，ZHANG Ping*，XUE Yuqian，XUE Jingqi，WANG Shunli**，and ZHANG Xiuxin**
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1575-1586. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0874
• Abstract ( 205 ) HTML ( 531 ) PDF (1787KB) ( 531 ) 　　　
• Herbaceous peony cut flowers of‘Banker Hill’and‘Yangfei Chuyu’were used to investigate the effects of ethrel on flower opening and senescence processes. Nine ethylene biosynthesis- and signal transduction-genes，including PlACS，PlACO，PlACO5，PlETR1，PlERS1，PlETR2，PlEIN4， PlCTR1 and PlEIN3 were cloned from the two cultivars. The expression patterns of the nine genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that‘Banker Hill’had longer vase life than‘Yangfei Chuyu’under normal conditions，and both cultivars were sensitive to ethylene. Ethrel treatment inhibited flower opening severely，and resulted in bull flower and even wilting directly in‘Yangfei Chuyu’，while it accelerated the processes of flowering opening and senescence in‘Banker Hill’. Sequence alignments of nine genes showed that they were highly conserved in the two cultivars，and the sequence identity was above 98%. The qRT-PCR results showed that ethrel treatment could increase all the above gene expression level except PlEIN3 in two cultivars，in 12–36 h. In 0–12 h，the nine genes had higher expression level in‘Yangfei Chuyu’than in‘Banker Hill’，and it was deduced that the endogenous ethylene synthesis and signal transduction were more active in‘Yangfei Chuyu’，while in 24–36 h，ethrel treatment promoted the ethylene synthesis- and signal transduction-genes expression in‘Banker Hill’，and the ethylene signal transduction-genes expression levels in‘Banker Hill’were higher than those in‘Yangfei Chuyu’. The delayed ethylene responses could promote flower quality of‘Banker Hill’. Therefore，it was suggested that‘Yangfei Chuyu’is more sensitive to ethylene than‘Banker Hill’. Differences of expression levels of ethylene biosynthesis- and signal transduction-genes may cause different sensitivity type to ethylene of the two cut flowers，and affect flower opening and senescence process.
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Research Notes

• First Report of East Asian passiflora virus Infecting Passiflora edulis in Fujian，China
• XIE Lixue，ZHANG Lijie，ZHANG Xiaoyan，ZHENG Shan，and LI Tao*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1587-1594. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0116
• Abstract ( 229 ) HTML ( 597 ) PDF (792KB) ( 597 ) 　　　
• In order to investigate the occurrence of East Asian passiflora virus（EAPV）on Passiflora edulis in Fujian Province，the suspected samples of Passiflora edulis were detected by serological and RT-PCR technology，and the positive samples were further cloned，sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that the serological test of 11 samples were positive for detection of Potyvirus，but all were negative for detection of Soybean mosaic virus（SMV）. The expected fragments of about 660 bp in size were amplified from 11 samples using universal degenerate primers for detection of virus species from the genus Potyvirus. Results of sequence determination and analysis revealed that the sequences of 10 samples were highly consistent with those of the reported Telosma mosaic virus（TeMV）isolates，and the sequence of one sample shared more than 98.3% nucleotide identity with those of the reported EAPV isolates. For the suspected EAPV sample（named FJBXG-P1），the expected size of ≈ 955 fragment was amplified using specific primers. The total length of CP gene of this EAPV-positive sample was 870 nucleotides（GenBank accession number：MG650164）. The sequence of CP gene of FJBXG-P1 were 81.0%–97.6% and 84.0%–96.9% identity with the reported nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of EAPV，respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 38 EAPV isolates were clustered into two groups（GroupⅠ and GroupⅡ），in which GroupⅠ was AO strain and Group Ⅱ was IB strain. FJBXG-P1 isolate in this study belonged to AO strain. To the best of our knowledge，EPAV infected Passiflora edulis in Fujian Province is the first report of the virus in mainland China.
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• Expression Analysis of B，C and E Class MADS-box Genes in Cymbidium ensifolium
• XIANG Lin1，CHEN Yue2，CHEN Liping2，and SUN Chongbo2,3,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1595-1604. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0639
• Abstract ( 186 ) HTML ( 525 ) PDF (1053KB) ( 525 ) 　　　
• Cymbidium ensifolium（L.）flower is highly evolved with a column（a fusion of the male and female reproductive organs）. Its complex floral architecture presents an exciting opportunity to examine column development. In flowering plants，class B，C and E floral homeotic genes play key roles in the specification of stamen and carpel identity. In this study，Fourteen class B，C and E unigenes （including DEF-，GLO-，AG-，SEP-，and AGL6-like unigenes）were detected from transcriptome data of C. ensifolium flower buds. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that CeDEF1 and CeAGL6-1 were only strongly detected in the sepals and petals，and were significantly down-regulated in the lips. CeDEF3，CeDEF4 and CeAGL6-3 were expressed highly in the lips and columns，but were detected minimally in the sepals and lateral petals. CeAG1 and CeAG2 were strongly expressed in columns. In addition，the expression levels of CeDEF3，CeDEF4，CeAG1，CeAG2 and CeAGL6-3 were higher in column-like petals of‘Xinpinmei’than in petals of‘Tiegusu’. These results displayed that CeDEF3，CeDEF4，CeAG1，CeAG2 and CeAGL6-3 may play key roles in regulating the column formation of C. ensifolium.
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New Technologies and New Methods

• Research on the Fast Detection of Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus with DTBIA
• DING Fang1,2,6，WANG Qinglian2，XU Guoliang1，ZHOU Jiale1，ZENG Jiwu3，YAN Xiang4，XIA Changxiu4，GUO Jun5，LIU Yongzhong2，HONG Ni1,6，WANG Guoping1,6，PENG Shu’ang2,*，and John S HARTUNG7,*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1605-1612. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0093
• Abstract ( 329 ) HTML ( 489 ) PDF (2113KB) ( 489 ) 　　　
• Citrus Huanglongbing（HLB）is caused by phloem-limited bacteria named Candidatus Liberibacters. Up to date，despite of all kinds of efforts to get pure culture，HLB bacteria still resist in vitro growth. Fast detection especially the high-throughput methods based on the specificity of serological methods has not yet been developed. In our previous work，we constructed fusion OmpCLas protein and heterogonous expressed to get antigen to produce corresponding polyclonal antibody（Pab）. In the present study，we carried out experiment on the assessment of the detection efficiency of Anti-OmpCLas-Pab antibody with direct tissue blot immunoassay（DTIBA）. Citrus samples collected from different geographical regions were tested. Different organs of petiole，midrib，stem，root，peduncale and seeds were all analyzed. Detection efficiency of both DTBIA and PCR were compared. Our result indicated：Anti- OmpCLas-Pab could specifically recognize HLB bacteria in different isolates originated from different geographical areas in China，including samples from Jiangxi，Fujian，Yunnan，Guangdong and Hainan provinces. Tests with different tissues of petiole，leaf mid rib，stem，root，peduncale and seeds revealed the presence of HLB bacteria. However，less HLB bacteria were found in roots and seeds；higher titer was found in leaf mid-ribs and stems. Our results indicated that Anti-OmpCLas-Pab is a promising antibody for the fast detection of HLB bacteria which laid a basic foundation for the product development on the fast detection kits and dipsticks.
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• Establishment of Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Detection of Potato virus S Ordinary Strain
• LI Huawei，XU Yongqing，LUO Wenbin，JI Rongchang，LIU Zhonghua，XU Guochun，ZHANG Hong，LI Guoliang，LIN Zhaomiao，QIU Yongxiang，QIU Sixin，and TANG Hao*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1613-1620. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2018-0164
• Abstract ( 170 ) HTML ( 592 ) PDF (1994KB) ( 592 ) 　　　

• The object of this study is to develop a One-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification（RT-LAMP）assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Potato virus S ordinary strain（PVSO）. Four RT-LAMP primers were designed on the basis of the coat protein（CP）gene sequences of PVSO，and template RNA from infected leaves were used for One-step RT-LAMP which were carried out under isothermal conditions at 62 ℃ for 60 minutes. RT-LAMP products were analyzed by electrophoresis in agarose gels followed by staining with Calcein. Then the specificity and sensitivity of RT-LAMP were testified. A rapid and specific RT-LAMP method for detection of PVSO was established. Sensitivity of the RT-LAMP assay was 100-fold higher than ordinary RT-PCR method，and the testing results of 33 potato samples were basically consistent with RT-PCR. The RT-LAMP described in this study represents a sensitive，specific and rapid assay for the detection of PVSO.

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New Cultivars

• A New Early Ripening Apple Cultivar‘Huadan’
• ZHANG Ruiping，YAN Zhenli*，ZHANG Hengtao，LIU Zhenzhen，GAO Qiming，and GUO Guonan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1621-1622. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0561
• Abstract ( 419 ) HTML ( 435 ) PDF (1147KB) ( 435 ) 　　　
• ‘Huadan’is a new early maturing apple cultivar bred from‘Meiba’בMaiyan’. Its fruit shape is nearly round，column. Its average fruit weight is 160 g. The fruit has yellow white skin，with bright red blush. Its flesh is white，crisp，fine，sour-sweet. The fruit firmness，soluble solids content and titratable acidity is 6.3 kg · cm-2，12.3% and 0.49%，respectively. In Zhengzhou area，the fruit ripens in early July and the developing period is 80–85 days. It is resistant to apple branch canker and ring rot disease. It is suitable to be planted in‘Gala’growing area.
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• A New Pepper Hybrid Cultivar‘Xinke 18’
• GUO Zhiwei1,2，LI Zhenxia1,*，REN Fusen2，and CHEN Haofang2
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1623-1624. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0832
• Abstract ( 225 ) HTML ( 335 ) PDF (830KB) ( 335 ) 　　　
• ‘Xinke 18’is a new pepper hybrid cultivar which was bred with the male-sterile line ‘161A’as female parent and the restorer line‘07-199’as the male parent. It has a crescent fruit shape with 22.3 cm in length，3.7 cm in diameter，0.34 cm in pulp thickness and 76.9 g in average single fruit weight. The fruit has a smooth surface, a yellow-green color, slightly spicy, thin crisp texture and excellent taste. The vitamin C content of fresh fruit is 0.911 mg · g-1 and average yield is 56 590 kg · hm-2. It is suitable for protected cultivation in early spring.
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• A New Pumpkin Cultivar‘Beimi 2’
• WANG Changlin* and DUAN Ying
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1625-1626. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0359
• Abstract ( 299 ) HTML ( 496 ) PDF (3059KB) ( 496 ) 　　　
• ‘Beimi 2’is a new F1 cultivar of Cucurbita moschata which was selected from the crossing inbred line‘12-43’and‘12-39’. The average single fruit weight is 1.5–2.5 kg. The rind color of the long pear-shape fruit is brown covered with 3–5 narrow green stripes from stalk to the middle surface of fruit. The nutrient and quality of fruit flesh is high with a sweet taste. The yield is high which is up to 4.413 kg · m-2. It is suitable for open cultivation in spring in Beijing.
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• A New Melon Cultivar‘Jiamicui’
• SUN Chunqing*，MA Zhihu，SUN Guosheng，ZHANG Zhenchao，and DAI Zhongliang*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1627-1628. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0438
• Abstract ( 240 ) HTML ( 442 ) PDF (1140KB) ( 442 ) 　　　
• ‘Jiamicui’is a new early-maturing melon hybrid with good quality，and it has strong growth vigor. The fruit-shape is round almost，with the average weight of single fruit of 1.6 kg. Its fruit peel is yellow，and the flesh is light orange and crisp with juicy. The flesh thickness is 4.1 cm，and the soluble solids content ranges 9.1%–13.6%. The yield is up to 33.5 t · hm-2. It is suitable for protected cultivation in early spring in the south of Jiangsu Province.
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• A New Cultivar of Osmanthus fragrans‘Yongfu Caixia’
• ZANG Dekui*
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2018, 45(8): 1629-1630. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0904
• Abstract ( 267 ) HTML ( 436 ) PDF (232KB) ( 436 ) 　　　

• ‘Yongfu Caixia’is a color-leaf cultivar selected from superior individuals of Osmanthus fragrans in Zhangping County，Fujian Province. The young leaves are pink and turning to pale yellow. The young branch and petiole are purple red. It has high ornamental value.

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