Review

• Advances in Ploidy Breeding of Fruit Trees
• SHI Qing-Hua, LIU Ping, LIU Meng-Jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1639-1654.
• Abstract ( 1576 ) HTML ( 3596 ) PDF (357KB) ( 3596 ) 　　　
• The research advances and achievements on ploidy breeding in fruit trees were summarized，including haploid creation paths and its application，polyploid induction methods，ways of asexual and sexual polyploidy breeding，purification of mixploids，ploidy identification，genetic mechanism of polyploidy，effects of polyploidization on development and stress resistance，etc. Furthermore，the main problems，countermeasure and prospects of fruit tree ploidy breeding were also put forward based on authors’ ploidy breeding practices and experiences.
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• Research on Anthocyanins Biosynthesis in Fruit
• GE Cui-Lian, HUANG Chun-Hui, XU Xiao-Biao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1655-1664.
• Abstract ( 1411 ) HTML ( 5587 ) PDF (288KB) ( 5587 ) 　　　
• The anthocyanins biosynthetic pathway and its influence factors，related regulation genes were summarized in this paper.
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• The Role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Synthase Genes in Apple Fruit Ripening
• LI Tong, ZHANG Zhi-Hong, WANG Ai-De
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1665-1672.
• Abstract ( 1803 ) HTML ( 1939 ) PDF (389KB) ( 1939 ) 　　　
• The postharvest economic quality of mature apple（Malus? × domestica Borkh.）is determined by the fruit shelf-life，which is associated with the fruit softening rate at room temperature. Ethylene is the factor that has been most studied in relation to the regulation of fruit softening. ACS（1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase）is one of the key enzymes in ethylene biosynthesis and pathway. Twenty ACS genes have been found by retrieving apple genome，two of which，MdACS1 and MdACS3，have been studied extensively due to their specific expression in fruit tissue. Recent characterization of these genes has provided insight into the molecular basis of ACS gene involvement in fruit ripening. This paper reviews the advances in our understanding of the role of ACS gene in apple fruit ripening and a model by which ACS regulating fruit ripening and ethylene production is proposed. In addition，we prospectively overview promising research avenues that could lead to further clarification of the regulatory events involved in ripening.
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• Advances in Research of Apple Root System Architecture and It’s Regulation
• YANG Hong-Qiang, FAN Wei-Guo
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1673-1678.
• Abstract ( 1176 ) HTML ( 2118 ) PDF (167KB) ( 2118 ) 　　　
• Root is the core of orchard-floor management and the foundation of the pomiculture. It was reviewed that advances in the research of the choice of material in apple root study，the types of apple root system architecture，and the effect of environment nutrition，soil condition，planting container and growth regulator on the shape and architecture of apple roots. It was pointed out that further research content in apple root system architecture.
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• Research Progress of Glycosidically-bound Terpenes in Grapes
• WEN Ya-Qin, CUI Jing, PAN Qiu-Hong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1679-1686.
• Abstract ( 1289 ) HTML ( 2032 ) PDF (268KB) ( 2032 ) 　　　
• Terpenes，the main components of varietal aroma of grapes，exist in free volatile form and glycosidically-bound form as well. Generally，glycosidically-bound terpenes accumulate in much higher amounts than free forms in developing grape berries，and they are thus considered to be the important aroma precursors. The present paper summarizes the research progress of glycosidically-bound terpenes in grapes，including the composition and content of glycosidically-bound terpenes，the factors affecting the accumulation of these compounds，the study statue concerning terpene-specific glycosyltransferases as well as the qualitative and quantitative methods of glycosidically-bound terpenes.
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• Current Status of the Study in Citrus Nutriology
• DING Xiao-Bo, ZHANG Hua, LIU Shi-Yao, LIAO Yi-Jun, ZHOU Zhi-Qin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1687-1702.
• Abstract ( 1622 ) HTML ( 3350 ) PDF (388KB) ( 3350 ) 　　　
• In this paper，the types，concentration and distribution of nutritive and bioactive compounds of citrus fruits were introduced；Their metabolism，genetic and environmental regulation studies were reviewed；The current utilization of citrus nutritive and bioactive components were fully summarized. Finally，the future key research fields of citrus nutriology were suggested，in an attempt to provide new information for the scientific use of citrus products and their high quality，high efficiency，nutritional and healthy production.
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• Progress in Research on the Resistance Mechanism Against Viruses in Potatoes
• NIE Bi-Hua, XIE Cong-Hua, NIE Xian-Zhou
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1703-1714.
• Abstract ( 1219 ) HTML ( 2361 ) PDF (294KB) ( 2361 ) 　　　
• Viral diseases and virus-caused seed potato degeneration have become one of the major constraints to production during the rapid development of potato industry in China in last two decades. This paper reviews the major types of resistance in potato against viruses and the recent progress in understanding of resistance genes and resistance mechanisms. It should provide useful information on understanding of the potato-virus interactions and，moreover，the utilization of resistant germplasms/genes for development of new cultivars and strategies for better control of viral diseases in potato crop.
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• In vitro Haploid Production and Application to Pepper Breeding
• ZHANG Zheng-Hai, MAO Sheng-Li, WANG Li-Hao, ZHANG Bao-Xi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1715-1726.
• Abstract ( 1236 ) HTML ( 1919 ) PDF (310KB) ( 1919 ) 　　　
• In this work，we summarize the brief history of in vitro androgenesis in pepper，with reviews of factors affecting haploid induction which containing growing conditions and donor plant genotype，microspore developmental stage，abiotic stresses and culture media and its supplements，cytological studies of in vitro androgenesis，practical application of haploid technique in Capsicum breeding. Finally，we outline the drawbacks of haploid technology for pepper breeding and potential solutions to overcome genotype dependency and high frequency of abnormal microspore-derived embryos in anther and microspore culture.
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• Advances of Research on Breeding of Resistance to Black Rot in Crucifer
• ZHANG Li-Li, LIU Yu-Mei, TIAN Zi-Hua, FANG Zhi-Yuan, YANG Li-Mei, ZHUANG Mu, ZHANG Yang-Yong, LI Zhan-Sheng, SHU Jin-Shuai
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1727-1738.
• Abstract ( 1332 ) HTML ( 2848 ) PDF (309KB) ( 2848 ) 　　　
• Advance in the crucifers black rot disease pathogen biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanism，pathogen identification method and physiological races of division，black rot inoculation method and identification method of resistance，plant disease resistance and the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes，black rot resistant heredity and resistance gene research，the screening of resistant materials and the breeding of disease-resistant have been reviewed in this paper. Meanwhile，the problems present were also discussed and prospects of breeding for black rot resistance in the future.
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• Progresses on Application of Molecular Markers in Flowering Chinese Cabbage
• XU Lan-Gui, XIA Yan-Shi, LI Rong-Hua, DAI Wei, XU Xiao-Qiang, ZHANG Hua, HUANG Hong-Di, ZHENG Yan-Song, GUO Pei-Guo
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1739-1748.
• Abstract ( 1233 ) HTML ( 1378 ) PDF (376KB) ( 1378 ) 　　　
• Molecular marker as a new type of genetic marker has been gradually used in flowering Chinese cabbage in recent years. The principles and characteristics were introduced for several molecular markers utilized in the study of flowering Chinese cabbage. The progresses and achievements have been reviewed on genetic diversity analysis，fingerprinting and identification of hybrids，genetic linkage map and QTL detection. The problems presented and the perspectives in the use of molecular markers in flowering Chinese cabbage were analyzed and discussed.
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• Research Progress Regarding the Effect of Exogenous Selenium on Vegetables
• ZHANG Wen, GENG Zeng-Chao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1749-1756.
• Abstract ( 1098 ) HTML ( 1435 ) PDF (200KB) ( 1435 ) 　　　
• In this review paper，we summarize current knowledge about the absorption，transformation，and accumulation of selenium in plants. We also review the influence of exogenous selenium application on the yield，quality，and total selenium content of vegetables. The effect of exogenous selenium on organic selenium transformations in vegetables is also reported. Existing research indicates that the application of exogenous selenium can increase not only the transformation of organic selenium to inorganic selenium in vegetables but also the total selenium content of vegetables. The exact effect depends on the species and growth stage at the time of selenium application. Future research about selenium-rich vegetables should focus on the standardization of selenium application methods.
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• The Research Progress and Comparative Analysis of Cucurbits Genetic Linkage Maps
• LIU Zi-Ji, YANG Yan, ZHAN Yuan-Feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1757-1766.
• Abstract ( 1108 ) HTML ( 2876 ) PDF (266KB) ( 2876 ) 　　　
• So far，the whole genome sequencing of watermelon，cucumber and melon have been generally completed. High-density saturated genetic linkage maps were successfully used for anchoring and orienting the assembled genome sequences，which laid a solid foundation for performing further analysis of genomes. This paper reviewed the research status and comparative analysis of the cucurbits genetic linkage maps.
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• Research Progress on the Interaction Between Cucurbits and Fusarium oxysporum
• DU Lin, FAN Shu-Ying, LIU Wen-Rui, XIE Da-Sen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1767-1772.
• Abstract ( 919 ) HTML ( 1958 ) PDF (186KB) ( 1958 ) 　　　
• Fusariumwilt，caused by Fusarium oxysporum，is one of the major diseases in cucurbits production. Advance in the studies of morphology，cytology and molecular biology in the interaction between cucurbits and Fusarium oxysporum was reviewed in this paper，which provides a theoretical reference for resistance to fusarium wilt and controlling diseases of cucurbits.
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• Progress of Study on Sex Differentiation in Melon
• ZHANG Hui-Jun, WANG Xue-Zheng, GAO Peng, GAO Mei-Ling, LUAN Fei-Shi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1773-1780.
• Abstract ( 1137 ) HTML ( 2815 ) PDF (255KB) ( 2815 ) 　　　
• Melon（Cucumis melo L.）is a model in the study of unisexual flower development. In recent years，significant progress has been made in the study of sexual differentiation in melon，but the regulation mechanisms of its sexual differentiaion has not yet been fully clarified. In this article，we reviewed sex determination genes，endogenous hormones，and sexual differentiation hypothesis in melon.
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• Research Progress on the Mechanism of Petal Conical Epidermal Cells Formation and Attraction to Pollinating Insects
• WANG Sa, ZHANG Yang, LI Yu-Hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1781-1792.
• Abstract ( 1518 ) HTML ( 1738 ) PDF (235KB) ( 1738 ) 　　　
• The petal conical epidermal cells of angiosperm which directly have effect on colour，smell，temperature，wettability and optical function of petal surface，optimize the specific interactions between petals and pollinators. The petal conical epidermal cells are determined by the Mixta gene. The Mixta which originated from the petal of Antirrhinum encodes a MYB transcription factor. AmMYBML1 and Mixta stem from the same ancestor gene replication. They can both guide the differentiation of conical epidermal cells and trichomes on different tissue of plants. The differences of both gene expressions decide on their different functions. This review elaborates the research progress on the mechanism of petal conical epidermal cells formation and attraction to pollinating insects.
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• Progress in Molecular Breeding of Lily
• HUANG Jie, LIU Xiao-Hua, GUAN Jie, Lu Ying-Min
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1793-1808.
• Abstract ( 1392 ) HTML ( 2464 ) PDF (385KB) ( 2464 ) 　　　
• New advances in molecular breeding of lily were reviewed in this paper. The first part is the gene cloning including meiosis genes，flower development genes，floral color genes，pollen development genes，and genes related to resistance. The second part is the establishment of regeneration system including adventitious shoot regeneration system，protoplast regeneration system，somatic embryo regeneration system，and callus regeneration system. The third part is gene transformation methods including Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation，DNA directly into the system，gene transformation via pollen-tube pathway. The fourth part is the trangene application in lily. Meanwhile，the existing problems and prospects of the application of molecular breeding in lily were discussed.
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• Progress in Chromosome Research in Lily Cross-breeding
• XU Shun-Chao, Lu Ying-Min
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1809-1818.
• Abstract ( 1111 ) HTML ( 2306 ) PDF (261KB) ( 2306 ) 　　　
• The research methods of chromosome and their application in Lilium genus were reviewed in this paper. The chromosome research methods include karyotype analysis，Giemsa C-banding，in situ hybridization. The results of lily ploidy hybridization and the polyploidy breeding，and the rule of different ploidy lilies as hybrid parents were also discussed.
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• In vitro Shoot Rooting and Plantlet Transplanting of Tree Peonies
• ZHANG Qian, WANG Hua-Fang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1819-1828.
• Abstract ( 2032 ) HTML ( 1651 ) PDF (258KB) ( 1651 ) 　　　
• In vitro culture techniques of tree peonies have yet been sued in micropropagation，somaclone and gene engineering breeding since first paper see in 1984. The challengings are still the low rate of shoot rooting and survive of plantlet transplanting and acclimatization. In this paper，review the two of five major stages in vitro culture of the tree peonies accordance with plant tissue culture practical. Focus on the impacts of shoot rooting in vitro and the survive factors in transplanting and acclimatization，reveal the effective ways and methods to increase rooting and transplanting efficiency. Discussed histological，physiological，biochemical and molecular aspects to resolve the problems in the tree peony tissue culture.
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• Research Progress of Rhododendron Breeding
• LAN Xi, ZHANG Le-Hua, ZHANG Jin-Zheng, CUI Hong-Xia, JIANG Chuang-Dao, SHI Lei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1829-1838.
• Abstract ( 1355 ) HTML ( 6284 ) PDF (316KB) ( 6284 ) 　　　
• This article has summarized Rhododendron germplasm resourses and research progress on breeding objectives of Rhododendron around the world，involved in colour，florescence，fragrance，resistance. In the end，the development of breeding techniques，especially cross and genetic engineering，is reviewed. Crossbreeding is still the key method for Rhododendron breeding and molecular biology will be highlighted in the future.
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• A Review of the Development in Tissue Culture of Ornamental Ferns
• LI Yang, YU Rong-Pei, LI Hui, LI Dong, SHI Lei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1839-1848.
• Abstract ( 1448 ) HTML ( 2636 ) PDF (268KB) ( 2636 ) 　　　
• This article which involves the advances both in home and abroad introduces the methods to tissue culture of ornamental ferns. This article also involves how to induce apogamous and aposporous propagation in ferns.
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• Caffeine in Plants：From Biosynthesis Pathway to Genetically Modified
• TAN Li-Qiang, QI Gui-Nian, CHEN Sheng-Xiang, WANG Li-Yuan, WEI Kang, CHENG Hao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1849-1858.
• Abstract ( 1615 ) HTML ( 2122 ) PDF (288KB) ( 2122 ) 　　　
• The main caffeine biosynthetic pathway is a sequence consisting of xanthosine → 7-methylxanthosine → 7-methylxanthine → theobromine → caffeine. In recent years，the enzymes and genes involved in caffeine biosynthesis have been isolated from Camellia and Coffea plants and genetically modified tea and coffee seedlings that producing low caffeine have been developed. Caffeine can also be synthesized in transgenic tobacco and chrysanthemum plants，which do not contain it naturally，for pests control purposes.
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• Research Progress on Active Composition and Practical Application of Medicinal Plants of Matricaria recutita
• XIA Qiu-Xiang, BAI Hong-Tong, SUN Ling-Chen, GAO Tian-Gang, JIANG Chuang-Dao, SHI Lei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(9): 1859-1864.
• Abstract ( 1235 ) HTML ( 2489 ) PDF (228KB) ( 2489 ) 　　　
• Matricaria recutita，belonging to the genus Matricaria of the Compositae family，is a general-purpose aromatic and medicinal plant. This paper presented the progress of studies on the active composition，biological activity and practical application of Matricaria recutita researched by the savants at home and abroad，which provides useful information on further studies and development for the genus Matricaria.
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