Studies on Distant Crossing Compatibility and Hybrid Ploidy in Different Ploidy Chrysanthemums

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0923

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 2329-2342.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0923

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Studies on Distant Crossing Compatibility and Hybrid Ploidy in Different Ploidy Chrysanthemums

YE Yuqing¹, SUN Liping², ZHANG Yichi¹, LI Yi¹, XU Jun¹, MA Chenyue¹, NIU Yajing³, ZHANG Mengmeng³, DAI Silan¹, HUANG He¹^,^**()

¹ Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding，National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture，Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment，Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education，Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education，School of Landscape Architecture，Beijing Forestry University，Beijing 100083，China
² Beijing Key Laboratory of Greening Plants Breeding，Beijing Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture，Beijing 100102，China
³ Beijing Botanical Garden，Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre，Beijing 100093，China

Received:2023-11-23 Revised:2024-07-22 Online:2024-12-13 Published:2024-10-21
Contact: HUANG He

Abstract

Abstract:

The 60 distant crossing combinations were designed by utilizing ten cultivars，eight wild species and variants of Chrysanthemum genus as the parents，and identified the ploidy of all parents and certain hybrids using the conventional tableting method，aiming to assess the crossing compatibility. The results indicated notable variations in compatibility of distant crossing among various ploidy cultivars and wild species in Chrysanthemums. The combinations of tetraploid × tetraploid and tetraploid × pentaploid exhibited the highest compatibility indexes，while pentaploid × diploid and hexaploidy × diploid had the lowest compatibility indexes. It was worth noting that all crossing combinations with differences in ploidy were able to set seeds and germinate. The ploidy variation of the hybrids was readily obvious，the hybrids resulting from crosses with the same ploidy exhibited similar ploidy to their respective parents，but there was diversity observed in the ploidy of hybrids resulting from different ploidy crossing combinations. In addition，the problems of distant crossing，which involve limited or inadequate compatibility，can be partially overcome by utilizing intermediate germplasms derived from crossing low-ploidy wild species or low-ploidy wild species with cultivars of chrysanthemum as bridging parents.

Key words: Chrysanthemum, wild species, distant crossing, crossing compatibility, ploidy, bridging parent

YE Yuqing, SUN Liping, ZHANG Yichi, LI Yi, XU Jun, MA Chenyue, NIU Yajing, ZHANG Mengmeng, DAI Silan, HUANG He. Studies on Distant Crossing Compatibility and Hybrid Ploidy in Different Ploidy Chrysanthemums[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(10): 2329-2342.

Figures/Tables 8

References 46

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指标 Index	不亲和 Incompatible		低 Low		中 Middle		较高 Relatively high		高 High
指标 Index	阈值 Threshold	分值 Score	阈值 Threshold	分值 Score	阈值 Threshold	分值 Score	阈值 Threshold	分值 Score	阈值 Threshold	分值 Score
结实率/% Seeding rate（St）	St ≤ 1	0	1 < St ≤ 5	1	5 < St ≤ 10	2	10 < St ≤ 15	3.5	St > 15	5
发芽率/% Germination rate（Gr）	Gr ≤ 5	0	5 < Gr ≤ 10	1	10 < Gr ≤ 20	2	20 < Gr ≤ 30	3.5	Gr > 30	5

指标 Index	不亲和 Incompatible		低 Low		中 Middle		较高 Relatively high		高 High
指标 Index	阈值 Threshold	分值 Score	阈值 Threshold	分值 Score	阈值 Threshold	分值 Score	阈值 Threshold	分值 Score	阈值 Threshold	分值 Score
结实率/% Seeding rate（St）	St ≤ 1	0	1 < St ≤ 5	1	5 < St ≤ 10	2	10 < St ≤ 15	3.5	St > 15	5
发芽率/% Germination rate（Gr）	Gr ≤ 5	0	5 < Gr ≤ 10	1	10 < Gr ≤ 20	2	20 < Gr ≤ 30	3.5	Gr > 30	5

种质类型 Germplasm type	来源或杂交亲本 Source or hybrid parent	材料名称 Material name	倍性（染色体数） Ploidy（Number of chromosomes）
野生种	北京 Beijing	甘菊Chrysanthemums lavandulifolium	2x（18）
Wild species	内蒙古自治区包头市 Baotou，Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region	蒙菊 C. mongolicum	2x（18）
	湖北省神农架国家级自然保护区 Shennongjia National Nature Reserve in Hubei	神农香菊 C. aromaticum	2x（18）
	北京市百花山国家级自然保护区 Baihuashan National Nature Reserve in Beijing	小红菊 C. chanetii	4x（36）
	河北省小五台山自然保护区 Xiaowutai Mountain Nature Reserve in Hebei	小山菊 C. oreastrum	4x（36）
	辽宁省葫芦岛市 Huludao，Liaoning	野菊（葫芦岛）C. indicum var. huludoensis	4x（36）
	福建省平潭市 Pingtan，Fujian	野菊（平潭）C. indicum（Pingtan）	4x（36）
	山东省威海市 Weihai，Shandong	野菊（威海）C. indicum（Weihai）	4x（36）
栽培种 Cultivar	‘万代风光’开放授粉 ‘Wandai Fengguang’open-pollinated	1919020	4x（36）
		1924012	4x（36）
		1906140	5x（45）
		1902025	5x（45）
		2005017	5x（45）
		1909189	5x（45）
		1909075	6x（54）
		1917105	6x（54）
		1917160	6x（54）
	北京市花木有限公司 Beijing Florascape Company Limited	寒露红樱 Hanlu Hongying	6x（54）
中间种质 Intermediate germplasm	甘菊 × 蒙菊C. lavandulifolium × C. mongolicum	GM	2x（18）
	神农香菊 × 甘菊C. aromaticum × C. lavandulifolium	SG	2x（18）
	小山菊开放授粉子代 Open-pollinated offspring of C. oreastrum	2017XS	4x（36）
	野菊（葫芦岛）× 1917105 C. indicum var. huludoensis × 1917105	HA-6	4x（36）
		HA-7	4x（36）
		HA-13	4x（36）
	野菊（葫芦岛）× 1917160 C. indicum var. huludoensis × 1917160	HB	5x（45）
	1909075 × HA-6	J09-008	4x（36）
		J09-023	4x（36）
		J09-12	4x（36）
		J09-018	5x（45）
		J09-021	5x（45）
	2017XS × HB	G04-11	4x（36）
	1919020 × HA-6	F10-169	5x（45）
	1909075 × SM1	E03-10	5x（45）
	1909075 × HB	K01-1	6x（54）

种质类型 Germplasm type	来源或杂交亲本 Source or hybrid parent	材料名称 Material name	倍性（染色体数） Ploidy（Number of chromosomes）
野生种	北京 Beijing	甘菊Chrysanthemums lavandulifolium	2x（18）
Wild species	内蒙古自治区包头市 Baotou，Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region	蒙菊 C. mongolicum	2x（18）
	湖北省神农架国家级自然保护区 Shennongjia National Nature Reserve in Hubei	神农香菊 C. aromaticum	2x（18）
	北京市百花山国家级自然保护区 Baihuashan National Nature Reserve in Beijing	小红菊 C. chanetii	4x（36）
	河北省小五台山自然保护区 Xiaowutai Mountain Nature Reserve in Hebei	小山菊 C. oreastrum	4x（36）
	辽宁省葫芦岛市 Huludao，Liaoning	野菊（葫芦岛）C. indicum var. huludoensis	4x（36）
	福建省平潭市 Pingtan，Fujian	野菊（平潭）C. indicum（Pingtan）	4x（36）
	山东省威海市 Weihai，Shandong	野菊（威海）C. indicum（Weihai）	4x（36）
栽培种 Cultivar	‘万代风光’开放授粉 ‘Wandai Fengguang’open-pollinated	1919020	4x（36）
		1924012	4x（36）
		1906140	5x（45）
		1902025	5x（45）
		2005017	5x（45）
		1909189	5x（45）
		1909075	6x（54）
		1917105	6x（54）
		1917160	6x（54）
	北京市花木有限公司 Beijing Florascape Company Limited	寒露红樱 Hanlu Hongying	6x（54）
中间种质 Intermediate germplasm	甘菊 × 蒙菊C. lavandulifolium × C. mongolicum	GM	2x（18）
	神农香菊 × 甘菊C. aromaticum × C. lavandulifolium	SG	2x（18）
	小山菊开放授粉子代 Open-pollinated offspring of C. oreastrum	2017XS	4x（36）
	野菊（葫芦岛）× 1917105 C. indicum var. huludoensis × 1917105	HA-6	4x（36）
		HA-7	4x（36）
		HA-13	4x（36）
	野菊（葫芦岛）× 1917160 C. indicum var. huludoensis × 1917160	HB	5x（45）
	1909075 × HA-6	J09-008	4x（36）
		J09-023	4x（36）
		J09-12	4x（36）
		J09-018	5x（45）
		J09-021	5x（45）
	2017XS × HB	G04-11	4x（36）
	1919020 × HA-6	F10-169	5x（45）
	1909075 × SM1	E03-10	5x（45）
	1909075 × HB	K01-1	6x（54）

倍性 Ploidy	编号 Number	母本与父本 Female and male parent	杂交花序数 Number of flower heads pollinated	舌状花数 Number of ray florets	结实粒数 Number of seeds	发芽数/株 Number of germination	结实率/% Seeding rate	发芽率/% Germination rate
2x × 4x	A01	SM16 × 小红菊 SM16 × C. chanetii	9	162	3	1	1.85	33.33
	A02	SM15 × 野菊（葫芦岛） SM15 × C. indicum var. huludoensis	24	456	48	22	10.53	45.83
	A03	SG2 × 2017XS	14	350	26	20	7.43	76.92
	A04	GM × 野菊（威海）GM × C. indicum（Weihai）	18	378	4	0	1.06	0
	A05	GM × 2017XS	19	399	0	0	0	0
	A06	SM14 × HA-6	20	360	5	0	1.39	0
	A07	SM14 × 1919020	23	414	1	0	0.24	0
2x × 5x	B01	SM15 × HB	2	36	2	0	5.56	0
	B02	SM16 × HB	6	108	4	1	3.70	25.00
4x × 2x	C01	野菊（葫芦岛）× GM C. indicum var. huludoensis × GM	17	340	25	12	7.35	48.00
	C02	野菊（葫芦岛）× 蒙菊 C. indicum var. huludoensis × C. mongolicum	19	380	30	10	7.89	33.33
	C03	野菊（威海）× SG2 C. indicum（Weihai）× SG2	25	500	308	271	61.60	87.99
	C04	J09-008 × SG2	35	3 500	12	0	0.34	0
	C05	野菊（威海）× GM C. indicum（Weihai）× GM	64	1 280	463	178	36.17	38.44
	C06	J09-12 × SM	12	456	3	0	0.66	0
	C07	1919020 × SM14	10	630	7	0	1.11	0
	C08	1924012 × 蒙菊 1924012 × C. mongolicum	21	2 520	32	6	1.27	18.75
5x × 2x	D01	1902025 × SM2	10	1 480	33	0	2.23	0
6x × 2x	E01	1909075 × 神农香菊 1909075 × C. aromaticum	45	4 950	42	5	0.85	11.90
	E02	1909075 × SG2	30	3 300	29	0	0.80	0
	E03	1909075 × SM1	10	1 100	148	22	13.45	14.86
	E04	1909075 × SM2	20	2 200	8	0	0.36	0
	E05	1909075 × SM5	48	5 280	18	0	0.34	0
	E06	1909075 × SM7	19	2 090	17	2	0.81	11.76
	E07	1909075 × SM12	21	2 310	1	0	0.04	0
	E08	1909075 × SM15	20	2 200	104	4	4.73	3.85
	E09	1909075 × GM	17	1 870	10	1	0.53	10.00
4x × 4x	F01	SM4 × 小红菊 SM4 × C. chanetii	31	403	4	0	0.99	0
4x × 4x	F02	SM4 × 野菊（葫芦岛） SM4 × C. indicum var. huludoensis	12	156	23	3	14.74	13.04
	F03	野菊（葫芦岛）× 小红菊 C. indicum var. huludoensis × C. chanetii	50	1 000	23	10	2.30	43.48
	F04	野菊（平潭）× 1919020 C. indicum（Pingtan）× 1919020	67	1 340	335	169	25.00	50.45
	F05	J09-023 × 野菊（威海） J09-023 × C. indicum（Weihai）	11	396	225	159	56.82	70.67
	F06	野菊（威海）× 2017XS C. indicum（Weihai）× 2017XS	13	260	206	9	79.23	4.37
	F07	2017XS × HA-13	3	60	6	1	10.00	16.67
	F08	SM4 × HA-13	57	741	6	0	0.81	0
	F09	HA-13 × 1924012	8	216	81	11	37.50	13.58
	F10	1919020 × HA-6	30	1 890	365	201	19.31	55.07
	F11	1919020 × HA-7	6	378	56	34	14.81	60.71
4x × 5x	G01	野菊（威海）× 2005017 C. indicum（Weihai）× 2005017	39	780	598	194	76.67	32.44
	G02	HA-6 × 1902025	41	1 107	88	32	7.95	36.36
	G03	HA-13 × 1902025	40	1 080	135	84	12.50	62.22
	G04	2017XS × HB	4	80	23	10	28.75	43.48
	G05	1919020 × HB	25	1 575	397	158	25.21	39.80
	G06	SM4 × HB	28	364	38	6	10.44	15.79
5x × 4x	H01	1909189 × 2017XS	15	1 575	128	31	8.13	24.22
	H02	1906140 × 2017XS	21	1 890	510	214	26.98	41.96
	H03	1902025 × G04-11	23	3 404	37	28	1.09	75.68
5x × 5x	I01	J09-021 × J09-018	18	648	118	64	18.21	54.24
5x × 5x	I02	HB × 1902025	39	859	12	1	1.40	8.33
6x × 4x	J01	1909075 × SM4	129	14 190	171	4	0.26	5.88
	J02	寒露红樱 × SM4 Hanlu Hongying × SM4	25	2 525	106	2	4.20	1.89
	J03	1909075 × 野菊（威海） 1909075 × C. indicum（Weihai）	73	8 030	1 533	342	19.09	22.31
	J04	K01-1 × SM4	18	1 440	7	1	0.49	14.29
	J05	K01-1 × 野菊（威海） K01-1 × C. indicum（Weihai）	16	1 280	399	241	31.17	60.40
	J06	寒露红樱 × 野菊（威海） Hanlu Hongying × C. indicum（Weihai）	30	3 030	19	16	0.63	84.21
	J07	1909075 × 2017XS	14	1 540	218	18	14.16	8.26
	J08	1909075 × HA-7	21	2 310	676	20	29.26	2.96
	J09	1909075 × HA-6	22	2 420	810	45	33.47	5.56
6x × 5x	K01	1909075 × HB	33	3 630	885	14	24.38	1.58
	K02	1909075 × E03-10	5	550	30	1	5.45	3.33

Studies on Distant Crossing Compatibility and Hybrid Ploidy in Different Ploidy Chrysanthemums

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编号 Number	母本 Female parent	倍性 Ploidy	父本 Male parent	倍性 Ploidy	样本株数 Sample number	子代倍性/株 Ploidy of hybrids
编号 Number	母本 Female parent	倍性 Ploidy	父本 Male parent	倍性 Ploidy	样本株数 Sample number	2x	3x	4x	5x	6x
SM	神农香菊Chrysanthemums aromaticum	2x	蒙菊 C. mongolicum	2x	4	3		1
GM	甘菊 C. lavandulifolium	2x	蒙菊 C. mongolicum	2x	3	3
SG	神农香菊 C. aromaticum	2x	甘菊 C. lavandulifolium	2x	1	1
A02	SM15	2x	野菊（葫芦岛） C. indicum var. huludoensis	4x	4	3		1
C08	1924012	4x	蒙菊 C. mongolicum	2x	4			3	1
C05	野菊（威海） C. indicum（Weihai）	4x	GM	2x	3			3
F10	1919020	4x	HA-6	4x	6			4	2
G03	HA-13	4x	1902025	5x	1				1
G04	2017XS	4x	HB	5x	4			3	1
E03	1909075	6x	SM1	2x	4			2	2
J09	1909075	6x	HA-6	4x	5			3	2
J06	寒露红樱 Hanlu Hongying	6x	野菊（威海）C. indicum（Weihai）	4x	4	1			3
K01	1909075	6x	HB	5x	4				3	1

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