Effects of Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Characteristics of Uzbekistani Turnip

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0084

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 791-801.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0084

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Characteristics of Uzbekistani Turnip

ZHUANG Hongmei¹^,², YUNUSOV Salohiddinjon Adhamovich³, KAISAER Rehemu², HAN Hongwei², LIU Huifang², ZHAO Jiafen⁴, WANG Qiang², GAO Lihong¹^,^*(), WANG Hao²^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100193，China
² Xinjiang Vegetable Engineering Technology Research Center，State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and Germplasm Enhancement in Arid and Desert Regions（Co-founded by Province and Ministry），Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Genomic Research and Genetic Improvement on Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables，Institute of Fruit and Vegetable Research，Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences（Luntai Fruit Tree Resource Garden of the National Fruit Tree Germplasm Resources），Urumqi 830091，China
³ Tashkent State Agrarian University，Tashkent 100070，Uzbekistan
⁴ Hetian Regional Agricultural Technology Promotion Center，Hetian，Xinjiang 848000，China

Received:2025-10-26 Revised:2026-02-12 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-03-20
Contact: GAO Lihong, WANG Hao

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the regulatory effects of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）on the growth and quality of turnip（Brassica rapa var. rapa L.），a pot experiment was conducted using two Uzbekistani turnip germplasm resources（purple-skinned and yellow-skinned）. Three concentrations of GABA（50，75，and 100 mmol · L^-1）were applied via root irrigation，with water serving as the control，to determine their effects on agronomic traits，physiological characteristics，and quality. The results showed that compared to the control，the 75 mmol · L^-1 GABA treatment had the most significant growth-promoting effect，increasing the fleshy root diameter，plant height，and leaf width of the purple-skinned turnip by 22.8%，60.17%，and 84.19%，respectively，and those of the yellow-skinned turnip by 19.26%，53.97%，and 51.59%，respectively. In terms of quality，the 75 mmol · L^-1 GABA treatment significantly increased the soluble protein，total phenol，and total soluble sugar contents in the purple-skinned turnip by 50.79%，36.42%，and 28.40%，respectively. The 100 mmol · L^-1 GABA treatment significantly increased the soluble solid，endogenous GABA，and glutamate contents in the purple-skinned turnip by 11.47%，154.84%，and 27.47%，respectively. For the yellow-skinned turnip，the 75 mmol · L^-1 GABA treatment significantly increased the total phenol and vitamin C contents by 75.19% and 3.72%，respectively，while the 100 mmol · L^-1 GABA treatment significantly increased the total soluble sugar，endogenous GABA，and glutamate contents by 20.00%，62.63%，and 24.13%，respectively. Exogenous GABA treatments significantly modulated the levels of endogenous hormones（IAA，ABA，and GA）and the activities of the antioxidant enzyme system（CAT，POD，and SOD）. In conclusion，exogenous GABA application can effectively improve the yield and quality of turnip by regulating the balance of endogenous hormones and enhancing antioxidant capacity，with 75 mmol · L^-1 being the recommended concentration. The findings provide a theoretical basis for quality improvement and high-yield cultivation of turnip.

Key words: turnip, γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）, agronomic traits, physiological characteristics, hormones

ZHUANG Hongmei, YUNUSOV Salohiddinjon Adhamovich, KAISAER Rehemu, HAN Hongwei, LIU Huifang, ZHAO Jiafen, WANG Qiang, GAO Lihong, WANG Hao. Effects of Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Characteristics of Uzbekistani Turnip[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(3): 791-801.

Figures/Tables 4

References 31

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材料 Material	GABA/ （mmol · L^-1）	可溶性蛋白/ （mg · g^-1 FW） Soluble protein	总酚/（mg · g^-1 FW） Total phenols	维生素C/ （μg · g^-1 FW） Vitamin C	可溶性总糖/ （mg · g^-1 FW） Total soluble sugar	可溶性固形物/% Soluble solid
紫皮芜菁 Purple turnip	50	1.355 ± 0.231 c	3.475 ± 0.383 cd	72.817 ± 0.983 a	31.692 ± 2.091 b	6.007 ± 0.246 ab
	75	1.820 ± 0.253 b	4.045 ± 0.389 c	67.642 ± 0.992 c	35.355 ± 1.778 a	5.855 ± 0.417 b
	100	1.362 ± 0.085 c	3.495 ± 0.307 cd	67.440 ± 1.041 c	34.867 ± 1.913 a	6.490 ± 0.205 a
	0	1.207 ± 0.221 c	2.965 ± 0.151 d	67.657 ± 1.356 c	27.537 ± 2.020 cd	5.822 ± 0.312 b
黄皮芜菁 Yellow turnip	50	2.297 ± 0.267 a	4.740 ± 0.425 b	68.582 ± 0.754 bc	27.660 ± 2.319 cd	6.052 ± 0.196 ab
	75	1.827 ± 0.209 b	5.927 ± 0.510 a	69.852 ± 0.253 b	30.347 ± 0.881 bc	6.510 ± 0.261 a
	100	1.347 ± 0.310 c	4.930 ± 0.457 b	67.212 ± 0.500 c	31.360 ± 0.855 b	6.187 ± 0.182 ab
	0	1.280 ± 0.210 c	3.382 ± 0.314 cd	67.342 ± 0.275 c	26.135 ± 2.126 d	6.240 ± 0.221 ab

材料 Material	GABA/ （mmol · L^-1）	可溶性蛋白/ （mg · g^-1 FW） Soluble protein	总酚/（mg · g^-1 FW） Total phenols	维生素C/ （μg · g^-1 FW） Vitamin C	可溶性总糖/ （mg · g^-1 FW） Total soluble sugar	可溶性固形物/% Soluble solid
紫皮芜菁 Purple turnip	50	1.355 ± 0.231 c	3.475 ± 0.383 cd	72.817 ± 0.983 a	31.692 ± 2.091 b	6.007 ± 0.246 ab
	75	1.820 ± 0.253 b	4.045 ± 0.389 c	67.642 ± 0.992 c	35.355 ± 1.778 a	5.855 ± 0.417 b
	100	1.362 ± 0.085 c	3.495 ± 0.307 cd	67.440 ± 1.041 c	34.867 ± 1.913 a	6.490 ± 0.205 a
	0	1.207 ± 0.221 c	2.965 ± 0.151 d	67.657 ± 1.356 c	27.537 ± 2.020 cd	5.822 ± 0.312 b
黄皮芜菁 Yellow turnip	50	2.297 ± 0.267 a	4.740 ± 0.425 b	68.582 ± 0.754 bc	27.660 ± 2.319 cd	6.052 ± 0.196 ab
	75	1.827 ± 0.209 b	5.927 ± 0.510 a	69.852 ± 0.253 b	30.347 ± 0.881 bc	6.510 ± 0.261 a
	100	1.347 ± 0.310 c	4.930 ± 0.457 b	67.212 ± 0.500 c	31.360 ± 0.855 b	6.187 ± 0.182 ab
	0	1.280 ± 0.210 c	3.382 ± 0.314 cd	67.342 ± 0.275 c	26.135 ± 2.126 d	6.240 ± 0.221 ab

材料 Material	GABA/（mmol· L^-1）	IAA/（ng · g^-1 FW）	ABA/（ng · g^-1 FW）	GA/（pg · mL^-1）	GABA/（mg · g^-1 FW）
紫皮芜菁 Purple turnip	50	2.912 ± 0.175 bc	1.297 ± 0.119 c	5.390 ± 0.118 b	0.257 ± 0.022 c
	75	2.643 ± 0.166 cd	1.652 ± 0.080 b	5.365 ± 0.090 b	0.413 ± 0.047 b
	100	2.532 ± 0.138 d	2.751 ± 0.116 a	6.092 ± 0.209 a	0.632 ± 0.035 a
	0	2.475 ± 0.134 d	1.225 ± 0.121 cd	5.181 ± 0.213 bc	0.248 ± 0.141 c
黄皮芜菁 Yellow turnip	50	3.112 ± 0.184 b	1.017 ± 0.085 d	5.205 ± 0.225 bc	0.312 ± 0.043 b
	75	3.415 ± 0.091 a	1.240 ± 0.165 c	5.297 ± 0.216 b	0.457 ± 0.034 a
	100	3.081 ± 0.210 b	1.217 ± 0.155 cd	4.942 ± 0.080 cd	0.470 ± 0.031 a
	0	2.967 ± 0.166 b	0.764 ± 0.024 e	4.775 ± 0.174 d	0.289± 0.010 b
材料 Material	GABA/（mmol· L^-1）	Glu/（mg · g^-1 FW）	SOD/（U · g^-1 FW）	POD/（U · g^-1 FW）	CAT/（U · g^-1 FW）
紫皮芜菁	50	5.020 ± 0.197 de	430.717 ± 32.22 a	121 238 ± 25310.15 abc	17.142 ± 0.602 de
Purple turnip	75	5.795 ± 0.206 b	405.205 ± 23.95 ab	124 124 ± 4583.90 ab	18.270 ± 1.512 cd
	100	6.227 ± 0.289 a	400.755 ± 20.81 abc	107 268 ± 1120.17 bcd	19.690 ± 0.650 cd
	0	4.885 ± 0.088 de	339.902 ± 26.15 d	101 857 ± 4104.87 d	15.502 ± 0.730 e
黄皮芜菁	50	5.142 ± 0.155 cd	351.410 ± 29.32 bcd	117 134 ± 6469.92 abcd	20.081 ± 0.961 c
Yellow turnip	75	5.487 ± 0.154 bc	416.805 ± 33.29 a	133 756 ± 4724.83 a	39.090 ± 2.571 a
	100	5.880 ± 0.390 ab	381.712 ± 37.83 abcd	114 319 ± 4521.62 bcd	29.940 ± 2.330 b
	0	4.737 ± 0.057 e	347.770 ± 26.61 cd	105 148 ± 2196.53 cd	19.691 ± 0.953 cd

材料 Material	GABA/（mmol· L^-1）	IAA/（ng · g^-1 FW）	ABA/（ng · g^-1 FW）	GA/（pg · mL^-1）	GABA/（mg · g^-1 FW）
紫皮芜菁 Purple turnip	50	2.912 ± 0.175 bc	1.297 ± 0.119 c	5.390 ± 0.118 b	0.257 ± 0.022 c
	75	2.643 ± 0.166 cd	1.652 ± 0.080 b	5.365 ± 0.090 b	0.413 ± 0.047 b
	100	2.532 ± 0.138 d	2.751 ± 0.116 a	6.092 ± 0.209 a	0.632 ± 0.035 a
	0	2.475 ± 0.134 d	1.225 ± 0.121 cd	5.181 ± 0.213 bc	0.248 ± 0.141 c
黄皮芜菁 Yellow turnip	50	3.112 ± 0.184 b	1.017 ± 0.085 d	5.205 ± 0.225 bc	0.312 ± 0.043 b
	75	3.415 ± 0.091 a	1.240 ± 0.165 c	5.297 ± 0.216 b	0.457 ± 0.034 a
	100	3.081 ± 0.210 b	1.217 ± 0.155 cd	4.942 ± 0.080 cd	0.470 ± 0.031 a
	0	2.967 ± 0.166 b	0.764 ± 0.024 e	4.775 ± 0.174 d	0.289± 0.010 b
材料 Material	GABA/（mmol· L^-1）	Glu/（mg · g^-1 FW）	SOD/（U · g^-1 FW）	POD/（U · g^-1 FW）	CAT/（U · g^-1 FW）
紫皮芜菁	50	5.020 ± 0.197 de	430.717 ± 32.22 a	121 238 ± 25310.15 abc	17.142 ± 0.602 de
Purple turnip	75	5.795 ± 0.206 b	405.205 ± 23.95 ab	124 124 ± 4583.90 ab	18.270 ± 1.512 cd
	100	6.227 ± 0.289 a	400.755 ± 20.81 abc	107 268 ± 1120.17 bcd	19.690 ± 0.650 cd
	0	4.885 ± 0.088 de	339.902 ± 26.15 d	101 857 ± 4104.87 d	15.502 ± 0.730 e
黄皮芜菁	50	5.142 ± 0.155 cd	351.410 ± 29.32 bcd	117 134 ± 6469.92 abcd	20.081 ± 0.961 c
Yellow turnip	75	5.487 ± 0.154 bc	416.805 ± 33.29 a	133 756 ± 4724.83 a	39.090 ± 2.571 a
	100	5.880 ± 0.390 ab	381.712 ± 37.83 abcd	114 319 ± 4521.62 bcd	29.940 ± 2.330 b
	0	4.737 ± 0.057 e	347.770 ± 26.61 cd	105 148 ± 2196.53 cd	19.691 ± 0.953 cd

Effects of Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Characteristics of Uzbekistani Turnip

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