基于荧光原位杂交的四种不同栽培种辣椒的核型分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0047

园艺学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 2311-2319.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0047

• 遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 • 上一篇下一篇

基于荧光原位杂交的四种不同栽培种辣椒的核型分析

罗银¹^,²^,^*(), 罗希榕¹, 吴诗琪³, 李唐燕¹, 李靖¹, 邱化荣¹, 覃成¹^,^*()

¹ 遵义职业技术学院现代农业系，贵州省遵义辣椒种质资源保护及繁育种植工程研究中心，贵州遵义 563006
² 湖南大学生物学院隆平分院，长沙 410125
³ 贵州大学生命科学学院，贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2024-01-16 修回日期:2024-07-23 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-10-21
通讯作者:
*E-mail：luoyin4338@163.com，
qincheng1001@sohu.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32260774); 贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y088号); 贵州省遵义辣椒种质资源保护及繁育种植工程研究中心项目(黔发改投资[2021]730号); 遵义市科技计划项目(遵市科合支撑NS（2022）18号)

Karyotype Analysis of Four Cultivars of Peppers Based on Fluorescence in situ Hybridization

LUO Yin¹^,²^,^*(), LUO Xirong¹, WU Shiqi³, LI Tangyan¹, LI Jing¹, QIU Huarong¹, QIN Cheng¹^,^*()

¹ Engineering Research Center of Zunyi Pepper Germplasm Resources Conservation and Breeding Cultivation of Guizhou Province，Modern Agriculture Department，Zunyi Vocational and Technical College，Zunyi，Guizhou 563006，China
² Longping Branch，College of Biology，Hunan University，Changsha 410125，China
³ College of Life Sciences，Guizhou University，Guiyang 550025，China

Received:2024-01-16 Revised:2024-07-23 Published:2024-10-25 Online:2024-10-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为精确分析不同栽培种辣椒的染色体核型特征，以一年生辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）‘遵辣1号’、中国辣椒（C. chinense Jacquin）‘海南黄灯笼’、浆果状辣椒（C. baccatum L.）‘Muaraparte Rojo’和灌木状辣椒（C. frutescens L.）‘米椒绿’为材料，利用染色体荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）进行核型分析。结果表明：种辣椒均是二倍体，染色体数为2n = 2x = 24。其中遵辣1号染色体长度为3.4 ~ 7.4 μm，主要为中着丝粒和近中着丝粒染色体，核型属于20m + 3sm + 1st类型；海南黄灯笼染色体长度为4.6 ~ 7.4 μm，主要为正中着丝粒和中着丝粒染色体，核型属于2M + 22m；Muaraparte Rojo染色体长度为3.0 ~ 4.5 μm，主要为中着丝粒染色体，核型公式为24m；米椒绿染色体长度为3.9 ~ 4.9 μm，主要为中着丝粒染色体，为23m + 1sm类型。5S rDNA和18S rDNA FISH结果表明：探针在染色体显示出的位点数18S rDNA（20个）明显多于5S rDNA（8个），不同栽培种的辣椒个体间存在差异，染色体5S rDNA位点数均为2个，但18S rDNA位点数不同，米椒绿最高（8个），其次为Muaraparte Rojo（6个），最低为海南黄灯笼（2个）。

关键词: 辣椒, 栽培种, 荧光原位杂交, 核型分析

Abstract:

In order to analyze the karyotype characteristics of different cultivars of peppers，‘Zunla-1’（Capsicum annuum L.)，‘Hainan Huangdenglong’（Capsicum chinense Jacquin），‘Muaraparte Rojo’（Capsicum baccatum L.）and‘Mijiaolü’（Capsicum frutescens L.），were used in this study. Karyotype analysis was performed using chromosome Fluorescence in situ Hybridization technique（FISH）. The results showed that the four peppers were diploid，and the chromosome number was 2n = 2x = 24. The chromosome length of Zunla-1 is 3.4-7.4 μm，which is mainly metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes，and the karyotype belongs to 20m + 3sm + 1st type. The chromosome length of Hainan Huangdenglong is 4.6-7.4 μm，which is mainly composed of median centromere and median centromere chromosomes，and the karyotype belongs to 2M + 22m. The chromosome length of Muaraparte Rojo was 3.0-4.5 μm，mainly metacentric chromosome，and the karyotype formula was 24m. The length of Mijiaolü chromosome was 3.9-4.9 μm，and it was mainly metacentric chromosome，which was 23m + 1sm type. The results of 5S rDNA and 18S rDNA FISH showed that 18S rDNA（20 loci）as probe showed more loci than 5S rDNA（8 loci）on chromosome，individual differences exist among four cultivars of peppers，the number of 5S rDNA loci on chromosome was 2，but the number of 18S rDNA loci was different，Mijiaolü has the highest number（8），followed by Muaraparte Rojo（6），and the lowest is Hainan Huangdenglong（2）.

Key words: pepper, cultivar, fluorescence in situ hybridization, karyotype analysis

罗银, 罗希榕, 吴诗琪, 李唐燕, 李靖, 邱化荣, 覃成. 基于荧光原位杂交的四种不同栽培种辣椒的核型分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(10): 2311-2319.

LUO Yin, LUO Xirong, WU Shiqi, LI Tangyan, LI Jing, QIU Huarong, QIN Cheng. Karyotype Analysis of Four Cultivars of Peppers Based on Fluorescence in situ Hybridization[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(10): 2311-2319.

图/表 4

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品种 Cultivar	染色体编号 Chromo- some No.	相对长度/% Relative length	臂比 Arm ratio	着丝粒指数/% Centromere index	核型公式 Formula of karyotypes	染色体类型 Type	核型不对称系数/% As.k	核型分类 Karyotype type
遵辣1号 Zunla-1	1	5.63 + 4.87 = 10.49	1.16	46.38	2n = 2x = 24 = 20 m + 3sm + 1st	m	56.40	2B
	2	5.73 + 4.35 = 10.08	1.32	43.15		m
	3	4.79 + 4.55 = 9.35	1.05	48.72		m
	4	5.10 + 4.18 = 9.28	1.22	45.04		sm
	5	4.71 + 4.18 = 8.89	1.13	47.02		m
	6	4.51 + 4.25 = 8.76	1.06	48.52		m
	7	4.39 + 4.13 = 8.52	1.06	48.47		m
	8	5.25 + 2.96 = 8.21	1.78	36.05		m
	9	4.71 + 3.06 = 7.77	1.54	39.38		sm
	10	3.63 + 3.44 = 7.07	1.06	48.66		m
	11	5.06 + 1.71 = 6.77	2.95	25.26		sm
	12	2.88 + 1.94 = 4.82	1.48	40.25		st
海南黄灯笼 Hainan Huangdenglong	1	5.42 + 4.60 = 10.02	1.18	45.91	2n = 2x = 24 = 2M +	m	53.49	1A
	2	5.71 + 4.27 = 9.98	1.34	42.79	22m	m
	3	4.91 + 4.32 = 9.23	1.14	46.80		m
	4	4.59 + 4.53 = 9.12	1.01	49.67		m
	5	4.40 + 4.24 = 8.64	1.04	49.07		m
	6	4.55 + 4.07 = 8.62	1.12	47.22		m
	7	4.80 + 3.47 = 8.27	1.39	41.96		m
	8	4.06 + 3.80 = 7.87	1.07	48.35		m
	9	4.23 + 3.60 = 7.83	1.18	45.98		m
	10	4.29 + 3.33 = 7.63	1.29	43.70		m
	11	3.39 + 3.18 = 6.57	1.06	48.40		m
	12	3.13 + 3.09 = 6.22	1.01	49.68		m
Muaraparte Rojo	1	4.80 + 4.68 = 9.48	1.03	49.37	2n = 2x = 24 = 24m	m	53.84	1A
	2	4.77 + 4.51 = 9.28	1.06	48.60		m
	3	4.87 + 4.23 = 9.10	1.15	46.48		m
	4	5.16 + 3.68 = 8.84	1.40	41.63		m
	5	4.74 + 4.08 = 8.82	1.16	46.26		m
	6	4.85 + 3.90 = 8.74	1.24	44.57		m
	7	4.76 + 3.43 = 8.19	1.39	41.88		m
	8	4.48 + 3.58 = 8.06	1.25	44.42		m
	9	4.08 + 3.92 = 8.01	1.04	49.00		m
	10	4.31 + 3.66 = 7.97	1.18	45.92		m
	11	3.81 + 3.42 = 7.22	1.11	47.30		m
	12	3.22 + 3.06 = 6.27	1.05	48.73		m
米椒绿 Mijiaolü	1	4.95 + 4.36 = 9.30	1.14	46.83	2n = 2x = 24 = 23m + 1sm	m	53.94	1A
	2	5.03 + 4.25 = 9.28	1.18	45.80		m
	3	4.59 + 4.15 = 8.74	1.11	47.48		m
	4	4.65 + 4.00 = 8.64	1.16	46.24		m
	5	4.29 + 4.21 = 8.50	1.02	49.53		m
	6	4.31 + 4.15 = 8.46	1.04	49.05		m
	7	4.40 + 3.99 = 8.39	1.10	47.56		m
	8	4.36 + 3.80 = 8.17	1.15	46.57		m
	9	5.02 + 3.10 = 8.12	1.62	38.18		m
	10	4.03 + 3.65 = 7.69	1.10	47.53		m
	11	4.53 + 2.90 = 7.43	1.56	39.03		m
	12	3.77 + 3.51 = 7.27	1.07	48.21		sm

品种 Cultivar	染色体编号 Chromo- some No.	相对长度/% Relative length	臂比 Arm ratio	着丝粒指数/% Centromere index	核型公式 Formula of karyotypes	染色体类型 Type	核型不对称系数/% As.k	核型分类 Karyotype type
遵辣1号 Zunla-1	1	5.63 + 4.87 = 10.49	1.16	46.38	2n = 2x = 24 = 20 m + 3sm + 1st	m	56.40	2B
	2	5.73 + 4.35 = 10.08	1.32	43.15		m
	3	4.79 + 4.55 = 9.35	1.05	48.72		m
	4	5.10 + 4.18 = 9.28	1.22	45.04		sm
	5	4.71 + 4.18 = 8.89	1.13	47.02		m
	6	4.51 + 4.25 = 8.76	1.06	48.52		m
	7	4.39 + 4.13 = 8.52	1.06	48.47		m
	8	5.25 + 2.96 = 8.21	1.78	36.05		m
	9	4.71 + 3.06 = 7.77	1.54	39.38		sm
	10	3.63 + 3.44 = 7.07	1.06	48.66		m
	11	5.06 + 1.71 = 6.77	2.95	25.26		sm
	12	2.88 + 1.94 = 4.82	1.48	40.25		st
海南黄灯笼 Hainan Huangdenglong	1	5.42 + 4.60 = 10.02	1.18	45.91	2n = 2x = 24 = 2M +	m	53.49	1A
	2	5.71 + 4.27 = 9.98	1.34	42.79	22m	m
	3	4.91 + 4.32 = 9.23	1.14	46.80		m
	4	4.59 + 4.53 = 9.12	1.01	49.67		m
	5	4.40 + 4.24 = 8.64	1.04	49.07		m
	6	4.55 + 4.07 = 8.62	1.12	47.22		m
	7	4.80 + 3.47 = 8.27	1.39	41.96		m
	8	4.06 + 3.80 = 7.87	1.07	48.35		m
	9	4.23 + 3.60 = 7.83	1.18	45.98		m
	10	4.29 + 3.33 = 7.63	1.29	43.70		m
	11	3.39 + 3.18 = 6.57	1.06	48.40		m
	12	3.13 + 3.09 = 6.22	1.01	49.68		m
Muaraparte Rojo	1	4.80 + 4.68 = 9.48	1.03	49.37	2n = 2x = 24 = 24m	m	53.84	1A
	2	4.77 + 4.51 = 9.28	1.06	48.60		m
	3	4.87 + 4.23 = 9.10	1.15	46.48		m
	4	5.16 + 3.68 = 8.84	1.40	41.63		m
	5	4.74 + 4.08 = 8.82	1.16	46.26		m
	6	4.85 + 3.90 = 8.74	1.24	44.57		m
	7	4.76 + 3.43 = 8.19	1.39	41.88		m
	8	4.48 + 3.58 = 8.06	1.25	44.42		m
	9	4.08 + 3.92 = 8.01	1.04	49.00		m
	10	4.31 + 3.66 = 7.97	1.18	45.92		m
	11	3.81 + 3.42 = 7.22	1.11	47.30		m
	12	3.22 + 3.06 = 6.27	1.05	48.73		m
米椒绿 Mijiaolü	1	4.95 + 4.36 = 9.30	1.14	46.83	2n = 2x = 24 = 23m + 1sm	m	53.94	1A
	2	5.03 + 4.25 = 9.28	1.18	45.80		m
	3	4.59 + 4.15 = 8.74	1.11	47.48		m
	4	4.65 + 4.00 = 8.64	1.16	46.24		m
	5	4.29 + 4.21 = 8.50	1.02	49.53		m
	6	4.31 + 4.15 = 8.46	1.04	49.05		m
	7	4.40 + 3.99 = 8.39	1.10	47.56		m
	8	4.36 + 3.80 = 8.17	1.15	46.57		m
	9	5.02 + 3.10 = 8.12	1.62	38.18		m
	10	4.03 + 3.65 = 7.69	1.10	47.53		m
	11	4.53 + 2.90 = 7.43	1.56	39.03		m
	12	3.77 + 3.51 = 7.27	1.07	48.21		sm

基于荧光原位杂交的四种不同栽培种辣椒的核型分析

Karyotype Analysis of Four Cultivars of Peppers Based on Fluorescence in situ Hybridization

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基于荧光原位杂交的四种不同栽培种辣椒的核型分析

Karyotype Analysis of Four Cultivars of Peppers Based on Fluorescence in situ Hybridization

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