有效微生物群落对番茄产量及根际土壤细菌群落的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0706

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以不同品种番茄‘金粉1515’和‘金星1371’为材料，通过分析番茄的产量、土壤理化性质及细菌群落结构和组成，研究有效微生物群落（effective microorganisms，EM）栽培提高番茄产量的作用机制。结果表明，EM处理的金粉1515总产量、单果质量、单株产量分别增加了2.90倍、0.55倍和2.91倍，金星1371增加了2.88倍、0.63倍和2.53倍。EM处理改善了土壤理化性质，其中铵态氮和速效钾含量的增加最为显著，二者在金粉1515和金星1371的根际土壤中分别增加68.90%、78.30%和36.80%、15.00%。16S rDNA测序分析发现EM处理改变了土壤细菌群落结构和组成，提高了变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、鞘氨醇单胞菌目（Sphingomonadales）及鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）细菌的相对丰度；土壤理化性质与细菌属分类水平相关性分析表明，土壤理化性质与相对丰度受EM调控的细菌属显著相关。同时，细菌组间差异分析显示，施用EM的两个番茄品种根际土壤中Sphingomonas的相对丰度均显著高于未施用EM番茄根际土壤，且Sphingomonas的相对丰度与番茄产量呈显著正相关。综上，EM通过改良土壤肥力，在番茄根际募集有益细菌类群，进而显著提高番茄产量。

关键词: 番茄, 有效微生物群落, 产量, 细菌群落, 土壤理化性质

Abstract:

‘Jinxing 1371’and‘Jinfen 1515’tomatoes were used to investigate the mechanism of effective microorganisms（EM）application in improving tomato yield by measuring soil physical and chemical properties and bacterial community structure and composition. The results showed that the total yield，single fruit weight，and single plant yield of tomato Jinfen 1515 treated with EM increased by 2.90 fold，0.55 fold，and 2.90 fold，respectively. Similarly，the yield index of Jinxing 1371 increased by 2.88 fold，0.63 fold，and 2.90 fold，respectively. The application of EM significantly ameliorated the soil physicochemical properties，with the contents of ammonium nitrogen and available potassium increased significantly in the EM-treated soils. The ammonium nitrogen and available potassium in the rhizosphere soils of Jinfen 1515 treated with EM increased by 68.90% and 78.30%，respectively，while they increased by 36.80% and 15.00% in Jinxing 1371. Furthermore，applying EM significantly changed the soil bacterial community structure and composition，increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria，Sphingomonadales，and Sphingomonas by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial communities at the genus level whose relative abundance is regulated by EM. In addition，the relative abundance of Sphingomonas in two tomato varieties was significantly higher in groups with EM applicance than those without. Correlation analysis further showed that the relative abundance of Sphingomonas is significantly positively correlated with tomato yield. In summary，EM application significantly increased tomato yield by improving soil fertility and recruiting beneficial bacterial communities in the tomato rhizosphere.

Key words: tomato, effective microorganisms, yield, bacterial community, soil physicochemical properties

陈舒婷, 吴幕绵, 李涛, 黎振兴, 麦培婷, 孙保娟, 郝彦伟, 宫超. 有效微生物群落对番茄产量及根际土壤细菌群落的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(9): 2477-2490.

CHEN Shuting, WU Mumian, LI Tao, LI Zhenxing, MAI Peiting, SUN Baojuan, HAO Yanwei, GONG Chao. Effects of EM Bacteria on Tomato Yield and Soil Bacterial Community[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(9): 2477-2490.

图/表 8

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品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	株数 Number of plants	果实个数 Number of fruits	总产量/kg Total output	单果质量/kg Single fruit weight	单株产量/kg Yield per plant
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	40.00	171.33	19.00	0.11	0.47
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	41.00	440.00	75.52	0.17	1.84
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	29.00	227.00	25.93	0.11	0.89
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	32.00	562.67	100.64	0.18	3.14

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	株数 Number of plants	果实个数 Number of fruits	总产量/kg Total output	单果质量/kg Single fruit weight	单株产量/kg Yield per plant
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	40.00	171.33	19.00	0.11	0.47
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	41.00	440.00	75.52	0.17	1.84
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	29.00	227.00	25.93	0.11	0.89
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	32.00	562.67	100.64	0.18	3.14

处理 Treatment		有机质/% Organic matter	酸碱度 pH	碱解氮/（mg · kg^-1）Alkali-hydrolyzable N	铵态氮/（mg · kg^-1） Ammonium nitrogen	硝态氮/（mg · kg^-1） Nitrate nitrogen
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	3.73 ± 0.03 b	5.12 ± 0.02 d	93.92 ± 0.30 b	49.45 ± 0.08 b	69.82 ± 0.75 b
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	4.18 ± 0.03 a	5.15 ± 0.02 d	101.89 ± 0.00 a	83.54 ± 0.11 a	83.72 ± 0.29 a
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	3.56 ± 0.02 c	5.55 ± 0.01 c	71.75 ± 0.49 d	20.50 ± 0.80 d	34.07 ± 0.50 d
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	4.11 ± 0.02 a	5.58 ± 0.01 c	82.48 ± 0.45 c	36.56 ± 0.53 c	45.75 ± 0.22 c
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	无EM No EM	3.07 ± 0.04 d	6.20 ± 0.01 a	52.33 ± 0.50 e	18.86 ± 0.07 e	8.15 ± 0.27 e
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	EM	3.74 ± 0.03 b	6.03 ± 0.01 b	64.90 ± 0.63 f	19.46 ± 0.05 e	15.05 ± 0.13 f
处理 Treatment		有效磷/（mg · kg^-1） Available P	速效钾/（mg · kg^-1） Available K	全氮/（g · kg^-1） Total nitrogen	全磷/（g · kg^-1） Total phosphorus	全钾/（g · kg^-1） Total potassium
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	145.82 ± 2.02 a	659.20 ± 1.90 b	0.96 ± 0.00 c	1.48 ± 0.01 a	8.73 ± 0.44 a
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	142.68 ± 1.50 ab	901.92 ± 9.54 a	1.09 ± 0.01 a	1.36 ± 0.02 b	8.87 ± 0.41 a
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	126.98 ± 0.25 de	496.30 ± 0.29 d	0.91 ± 0.00 d	1.33 ± 0.02 bc	8.63 ± 0.22 a
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	133.14 ± 1.75 cd	570.87 ± 3.54 c	1.07 ± 0.02 a	1.30 ± 0.01 c	8.16 ± 0.24 a
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	无EM No EM	125.60 ± 1.99 e	265.22 ± 1.16 e	0.76 ± 0.00 e	1.21 ± 0.02 d	8.39 ± 0.04 a
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	EM	135.47 ± 2.49 bc	254.61 ± 1.17 e	1.01 ± 0.00 b	1.51 ± 0.01 a	8.05 ± 0.33 a

处理 Treatment		有机质/% Organic matter	酸碱度 pH	碱解氮/（mg · kg^-1）Alkali-hydrolyzable N	铵态氮/（mg · kg^-1） Ammonium nitrogen	硝态氮/（mg · kg^-1） Nitrate nitrogen
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	3.73 ± 0.03 b	5.12 ± 0.02 d	93.92 ± 0.30 b	49.45 ± 0.08 b	69.82 ± 0.75 b
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	4.18 ± 0.03 a	5.15 ± 0.02 d	101.89 ± 0.00 a	83.54 ± 0.11 a	83.72 ± 0.29 a
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	3.56 ± 0.02 c	5.55 ± 0.01 c	71.75 ± 0.49 d	20.50 ± 0.80 d	34.07 ± 0.50 d
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	4.11 ± 0.02 a	5.58 ± 0.01 c	82.48 ± 0.45 c	36.56 ± 0.53 c	45.75 ± 0.22 c
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	无EM No EM	3.07 ± 0.04 d	6.20 ± 0.01 a	52.33 ± 0.50 e	18.86 ± 0.07 e	8.15 ± 0.27 e
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	EM	3.74 ± 0.03 b	6.03 ± 0.01 b	64.90 ± 0.63 f	19.46 ± 0.05 e	15.05 ± 0.13 f
处理 Treatment		有效磷/（mg · kg^-1） Available P	速效钾/（mg · kg^-1） Available K	全氮/（g · kg^-1） Total nitrogen	全磷/（g · kg^-1） Total phosphorus	全钾/（g · kg^-1） Total potassium
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	145.82 ± 2.02 a	659.20 ± 1.90 b	0.96 ± 0.00 c	1.48 ± 0.01 a	8.73 ± 0.44 a
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	142.68 ± 1.50 ab	901.92 ± 9.54 a	1.09 ± 0.01 a	1.36 ± 0.02 b	8.87 ± 0.41 a
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	126.98 ± 0.25 de	496.30 ± 0.29 d	0.91 ± 0.00 d	1.33 ± 0.02 bc	8.63 ± 0.22 a
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	133.14 ± 1.75 cd	570.87 ± 3.54 c	1.07 ± 0.02 a	1.30 ± 0.01 c	8.16 ± 0.24 a
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	无EM No EM	125.60 ± 1.99 e	265.22 ± 1.16 e	0.76 ± 0.00 e	1.21 ± 0.02 d	8.39 ± 0.04 a
对照（原始土壤）Control（Bulk soil）	EM	135.47 ± 2.49 bc	254.61 ± 1.17 e	1.01 ± 0.00 b	1.51 ± 0.01 a	8.05 ± 0.33 a

处理 Treatment		香农指数 Shannon index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	无EM No EM	10.35 ± 0.01 B	5 058.19 ± 76.06 A
金粉1515 Jinfen 1515	EM	10.33 ± 0.03 B	5 161.50 ± 77.39 A
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	无EM No EM	10.43 ± 0.03 A	5 184.71 ± 89.42 A
金星1371 Jinxing 1371	EM	10.36 ± 0.01 B	5 237.02 ± 45.82 A
对照（原始土壤） Control（Bulk soil）	无EM No EM	10.49 ± 0.02 A	5 233.48 ± 64.38 A
对照（原始土壤） Control（Bulk soil）	EM	10.43 ± 0.01 A	5 198.71 ± 150.32 A