遮光对百日草花瓣花青素和叶绿素积累的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0303

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

花青素和叶绿素在花瓣细胞中含量和分布的不同会影响百日草（Zinnia elegans）舌状花色泽的呈现，而目前关于光照如何影响百日草舌状花花青素和叶绿素代谢尚不清楚。本研究对百日草‘梦境红色’栽培品种的花苞进行黑暗处理，并对其舌状花花瓣色泽、花青素和叶绿素含量以及相关代谢酶基因表达进行测定。结果发现，遮光使百日草花瓣正面的亮度显著上升、色相a^*值显著下降；背面的亮度显著上升、色度显著下降。黑暗处理后舌状花中的天竺葵素、矢车菊素及总花青素含量均显著下降，叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量也显著降低。进一步研究发现，遮光导致百日草舌状花中花青素合成相关酶基因ZeCHS、ZeF3H、ZeF3'H相对表达水平显著上升，而ZeCHI和ZeDFR相对表达水平极显著降低。百日草中存在2个滞绿基因ZeSGR1和ZeSGR2，都含有保守的SGR结构域、N端的叶绿体转运肽、可变的C端区域，经黑暗处理后其相对表达水平均显著提高。

关键词: 百日草, 花色, 光, 花青素, 叶绿素

Abstract:

The content and distribution of anthocyanin and chlorophyll in petal cells affect the color of ray florets in Zinnia elegans. However，it is still unclear how light affects the metabolism of anthocyanin and chlorophyll in Z. elegans. In this study，the flower buds of Z. elegans‘Dreamland Red’were treated under darkness，and the petal color，anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents and gene expression of related metabolic enzymes were measured in the treatment group and the control group. Results showed that shading significantly increased the brightness and decreased the a^* value of the front side of the petals in Z. elegans. The brightness of the back increased significantly and the chroma decreased significantly. After dark treatment，the contents of pelargonidin，cyanidin and total anthocyanin in ray florets significantly decreased，as well as the contents of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. Further studies showed that relative expression level of ZeCHS，ZeF3H and ZeF3'H，these enzyme genes related to anthocyanin synthesis in ray florets of Z. elegans，significantly increased under shading，but relative expression level of ZeCHI and ZeDFR significantly decreased. Two STAY-GREEN genes，ZeSGR1 and ZeSGR2，were found in Z. elegans，both of which contained conserved SGR domain，N-terminal chloroplast transport peptide and variable C-terminal region，and their relative expression level significantly increased after dark treatment.

Key words: Zinnia elegans, flower color, light, anthocyanin, chlorophyll

曹凯俊, 柳欣悦, 单凯歆, 宋春霖, 宋如意, 张超, 付建新. 遮光对百日草花瓣花青素和叶绿素积累的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(11): 3003-3015.

CAO Kaijun, LIU Xinyue, SHAN Kaixin, SONG Chunlin, SONG Ruyi, ZHANG Chao, FU Jianxin. Effects of Shading on Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll Accumulation in Flower Petals of Zinnia elegans[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(11): 3003-3015.

图/表 8

图1 黑暗和对照处理百日草舌状花表型

Fig. 1 The ray floret phenotype of Zinnia elegans from dark treatment and the control treatment

表1 qRT-PCR引物序列信息

Table 1 Primer sequence information for qRT-PCR

基因 Gene	引物名称 Primer name	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence
ZeACT	ZeACT-qF	TTGTGCTGGATTCTGGGGATGGT
ZeACT	ZeACT-qR	GCAGTTTCAAGCTCTTGCTCGTAGTC
ZeCHS	ZeCHS-qR	ACGCAGCGGTTAAAGCCATCAAAG
ZeCHS	ZeCHS-qR	AACCGTACCACCAGCAAAACATCC
ZeCHI	ZeCHI-qF	TCAAGCGAAGGGAAAGAAG
ZeCHI	ZeCHI-qR	AAAGTGTTGGCCAAAGATGAA
ZeF3H	ZeF3H-qF	TTCTTAAGCCGCGCCAACTCTA
ZeF3H	ZeF3H-qR	TTCTTAAGCCGCGCCAACTCTA
ZeF3'H	ZeF3′H-qF	TTGCCCGTGACCCGAAAATGT
ZeF3'H	ZeF3′H-qR	TTCGTCCAGCCCCAAAAGGTATGA
ZeDFR	ZeDFR-qF	AGCCTAATTACCGCACTTTCTT
ZeDFR	ZeDFR-qR	CCTTTTGCTTCAGGGTTTTCATAC
ZeANS	ZeANS-qF	CAATGGGTGACTGCGAAATGTGT
ZeANS	ZeANS-qR	AAACCGCCCAAGAAATCCTAACC
ZeSGR1	ZeSGR1-qF	GGGTTCTCTAATCATCCCATCC
ZeSGR1	ZeSGR1-qR	CCCAAAAACAGAACCTTCAGC
ZeSGR2	ZeSGR2-qF	CATTGTCGTTGTCGTCATCAGC
ZeSGR2	ZeSGR2-qR	AGGGATTGAACTCCTTGGTGG

图2 黑暗和对照处理百日草舌状花花色参数（A）和花瓣组织切片（B）

Fig. 2 The flower color parameters（A）and petal tissue sections（B）of Zinnia elegans from dark treatment and the control treatment t-Test，** P < 0.01，*** P < 0.001，**** P < 0.0001

图3 黑暗和对照处理百日草舌状花色素含量（A）和UPLC色谱图（B） Cy3G：矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷；Cy3G5G：矢车菊素-3,5-双葡萄糖苷；Pg3G5G：天竺葵素-3,5-双葡萄糖苷；Cy3AG5G：矢车菊素-3-O-乙酰葡萄糖苷-5-O-葡萄糖苷；Pg3G：天竺葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷；Pg3AG5G：天竺葵素-3-O-乙酰葡萄糖苷-5-O-葡萄糖苷；Cy3AG：矢车菊素-3-O-乙酰葡萄糖苷；Pg3AG：天竺葵素-3-O-乙酰葡萄糖苷

Fig. 3 Pigment content（A）and UPLC chromatogram（B）of Zinnia elegans from dark treatment and the control treatment Cy3G：Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside；Cy3G5G：Cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside chloride；Pg3G5G：Pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside chloride；Cy3AG5G：Cyanidin-3-O-（6′′-acetyl）glucoside-5-O-glucoside；Pg3G：Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside；Pg3AG5G：Pelargonidin-3-O-（6′′-acetyl）glucoside-5-O-glucoside；Cy3AG：Cyanidin-3-O-（6′′-acetyl）glucoside；Pg3AG：Pelargonidin-3-O-（6′′-acetyl）glucoside. t-Test，* P < 0.05

图4 黑暗和对照处理百日草舌状花总叶绿素、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量及叶绿素a/b比值

Fig. 4 Total chlorophyll content，chlorophyll a content，chlorophyll b content，chlorophyll a/b ratio of Zinnia elegans from dark treatment and the control treatment t-Test，* P < 0.05，** P < 0.01

图5 百日草舌状花花青素苷合成相关酶基因的相对表达水平

Fig. 5 Relative expression level of anthocyanin synthesis-related enzyme genes of Zinnia elegans t-Test，* P < 0.05，** P < 0.01

图6 百日草ZeSGR1、ZeSGR2蛋白和其他物种SGR蛋白的系统进化关系（A）及不同物种中SGR氨基酸序列比对（B）

Fig. 6 Phylogenetic relationship among ZeSGR1，ZeSGR2 and SGR proteins from other species（A），amino acid sequence alignment of SGRs from different species（B）

图7 遮光处理百日草滞绿基因ZeSGR1和ZeSGR2表达水平的影响

Fig. 7 Relative expression level of ZeSGR1 and ZeSGR2 of Zinnia elegans in dark treatment t-Test，* P < 0.05，**** P < 0.0001

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