望春玉兰种质资源遗传多样性分析与核心种质构建

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0468

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对河南省南召县917份望春玉兰（Magnolia biondii）种质材料利用细胞流式仪进行基因组倍性分析，并采用SSR标记分析其遗传多样性和遗传结构。此外，采用模拟退火法分别基于遗传多样性最大化（simulated annealing algorithm based on the maximizing genetic diversity，SAGD）和等位基因最大化（simulated annealing algorithm based on maximizing allelic richness，SANA）构建望春玉兰核心种质。结果显示：所检测的望春玉兰种质材料全部为二倍体植株；10对SSR引物共检测到57个等位基因（N_a），平均有效等位基因数（N_e）为2.667，Shannon’s信息指数（I）、观测杂合度（H_o）、期望杂合度（H_e）和多态性指数（PIC）分别为1.124、0.422、0.586和0.547，表明望春玉兰种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。群体遗传结构和聚类分析均显示，917份望春玉兰种质材料可以分为4个亚群，不同亚群之间存在明显的基因交流和渗透。基于SAGD方法构建核心种质的各遗传参数基本都高于SANA法。利用SAGD方法筛选得到183份望春玉兰核心种质，占原有种质的20%，N_a、N_e、I、H_o和H_e的保留率分别为94.74%、105.40%、103.38%、104.27%和104.61%；主坐标分析（principal coordinate analysis，PCoA）表明构建的望春玉兰核心种质在整个原始种质的主坐标图内均匀分布，具有良好的代表性，可以为种质资源收集保存及创新利用提供科学依据。

关键词: 望春玉兰, 微卫星标记, 遗传多样性, 遗传结构, 核心种质

Abstract:

In this study，genome ploidy levels of 917 Magnolia biondii germplasms collected from Nanzhao Country，Hennan Province were analyzed by using the flow cytometry. Genetic diversity and genetic structure of the Magnolia biondii germplasms were investigated by using SSR markers. In addition，simulated annealing algorithm was used to construct a core collection for the M. biondii Pamp. germplasms based on the maximizing genetic diversity（SAGD）and allele maximization（SANA），respectively. The results showed that all the investigated M. biondii Pamp. germplasms were diploids. A total of 57 alleles（N_a）were detected by 10 SSR primers，and the average of effective allele number（N_e）was 2.667. The Shannon’s information index（I），the observed heterozygosity（H_o），the expected heterozygosity（H_e）and the polymorphism information content（PIC）were 1.124，0.422，0.586 and 0.547，respectively，indicating a high genetic diversity in the germplasm resources of M. biondii Pamp. Both genetic structure and cluster analysis analyses indicated that the 917 M. biondii Pamp. germplasms could be divided into four subgroups，and there were obvious genetic exchanges among different subgroups. The genetic parameters of core collection obtained by SAGD were higher than those of SANA，therefore 183 （20% of the original collection）germplasms were selected through the SAGD method to construct the core collection of M. biondii Pamp. The retention rate of N_a，N_e，I，H_o and H_e was 94.74%，105.40%，103.38%，104.27% and 104.61%，respectively. The principal coordinate analysis（PCoA）showed that the core collection constructed by this study was uniformly distributed within the initial collection and had a good representation. The constructed core collection will provide a scientific basis for conservation and utilization of M. biondii Pamp. germplasm resources.

Key words: Magnolia biondii, SSR, genetic diversity, genetic structure, core collection

秦子璐, 徐正康, 戴晓港, 陈赢男. 望春玉兰种质资源遗传多样性分析与核心种质构建[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(8): 1823-1832.

QIN Zilu, XU Zhengkang, DAI Xiaogang, CHEN Yingnan. Genetic Diversity Analysis and Core Collection Construction of Magnolia biondii Germplasm[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(8): 1823-1832.

图/表 10

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引物名称 Primer name	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence	重复基序 Repeat motif	预期产物大小/bp Expected product length
Chr02-1	F：ATTGGAGCTTGGCTTGTTTG；R：GGGCCACGTTAGATTTTTCA	(TCGAG)3	119
Chr06-10	F：CAAGCTGGCCTCTTTTGTCT；R：TGCATTCATCATATTCAGCCTC	(AAT)11	128
Chr08-5	F：AGATTGGCGTCCTCAATAGG；R：AGTCCTGCAACAGCTCCACT	(AGAAA)3	125
Chr09-2	F：GGATCGTCCAATTAGCAGACA；R：TCTGAGTTGACCAGCTGACG	(CAATC)3	138
Chr10-7	F：TGGAGTCTATTAAGACTATGGCA；R：CGAAAGCCTATCTCGGATCA	(ATTATA)4	134
Chr13-5	F：TTCCCTTTTTGCAGTTCGAG；R：GCCCTCTATAGATACGGCCTG	(GAGGC)3	127
Chr16-5	F：CCCTTTCCTCTTCCGACTTT；R：CACATTTGCTCACGAACACC	(AAGGG)3	105
Chr17-22	F：GTTCAAGTCGGGTCGAGGTA；R：TGGGTTTAGTCGTTCTTGGG	(ACCCA)5	143
Chr18-17	F：TCCATGGACGACCACAGTTA；R：GCCGGGACTGCTTTTACTTA	(AAAAT)6	118
Chr19-6	F：CAGGAACGTCCAGCTTCTCT；R：AAATTTCAATGGTCTCGGCA	(AAT)10	125

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence	重复基序 Repeat motif	预期产物大小/bp Expected product length
Chr02-1	F：ATTGGAGCTTGGCTTGTTTG；R：GGGCCACGTTAGATTTTTCA	(TCGAG)3	119
Chr06-10	F：CAAGCTGGCCTCTTTTGTCT；R：TGCATTCATCATATTCAGCCTC	(AAT)11	128
Chr08-5	F：AGATTGGCGTCCTCAATAGG；R：AGTCCTGCAACAGCTCCACT	(AGAAA)3	125
Chr09-2	F：GGATCGTCCAATTAGCAGACA；R：TCTGAGTTGACCAGCTGACG	(CAATC)3	138
Chr10-7	F：TGGAGTCTATTAAGACTATGGCA；R：CGAAAGCCTATCTCGGATCA	(ATTATA)4	134
Chr13-5	F：TTCCCTTTTTGCAGTTCGAG；R：GCCCTCTATAGATACGGCCTG	(GAGGC)3	127
Chr16-5	F：CCCTTTCCTCTTCCGACTTT；R：CACATTTGCTCACGAACACC	(AAGGG)3	105
Chr17-22	F：GTTCAAGTCGGGTCGAGGTA；R：TGGGTTTAGTCGTTCTTGGG	(ACCCA)5	143
Chr18-17	F：TCCATGGACGACCACAGTTA；R：GCCGGGACTGCTTTTACTTA	(AAAAT)6	118
Chr19-6	F：CAGGAACGTCCAGCTTCTCT；R：AAATTTCAATGGTCTCGGCA	(AAT)10	125

引物 Primer	N_a 等位基因数 Number of alleles	N_e 有效等位基因数 Number of effective alleles	N_g 基因型数 Number of genotypes	I Shannon’s指数 Shannon’s index	H_o 观测杂合度 Observing heterozygosity	H_e 期望杂合度 Expected heterozygosity	PIC 多态性指数 Polymorphism index
Chr02-1	6	2.627	20	1.275	0.470	0.619	0.585
Chr06-10	6	2.632	13	1.210	0.437	0.620	0.577
Chr08-5	2	1.616	3	0.569	0.174	0.381	0.309
Chr09-2	4	3.038	7	1.202	0.592	0.671	0.608
Chr10-7	6	3.725	11	1.429	0.487	0.732	0.687
Chr13-5	4	1.530	7	0.667	0.213	0.346	0.421
Chr16-5	5	2.414	9	1.012	0.349	0.586	0.498
Chr17-22	8	4.045	20	1.535	0.670	0.753	0.712
Chr18-17	6	1.904	15	0.974	0.304	0.475	0.447
Chr19-6	10	3.144	16	1.364	0.522	0.682	0.628
平均Mean	5.7	2.668	12.1	1.124	0.422	0.586	0.547

引物 Primer	N_a 等位基因数 Number of alleles	N_e 有效等位基因数 Number of effective alleles	N_g 基因型数 Number of genotypes	I Shannon’s指数 Shannon’s index	H_o 观测杂合度 Observing heterozygosity	H_e 期望杂合度 Expected heterozygosity	PIC 多态性指数 Polymorphism index
Chr02-1	6	2.627	20	1.275	0.470	0.619	0.585
Chr06-10	6	2.632	13	1.210	0.437	0.620	0.577
Chr08-5	2	1.616	3	0.569	0.174	0.381	0.309
Chr09-2	4	3.038	7	1.202	0.592	0.671	0.608
Chr10-7	6	3.725	11	1.429	0.487	0.732	0.687
Chr13-5	4	1.530	7	0.667	0.213	0.346	0.421
Chr16-5	5	2.414	9	1.012	0.349	0.586	0.498
Chr17-22	8	4.045	20	1.535	0.670	0.753	0.712
Chr18-17	6	1.904	15	0.974	0.304	0.475	0.447
Chr19-6	10	3.144	16	1.364	0.522	0.682	0.628
平均Mean	5.7	2.668	12.1	1.124	0.422	0.586	0.547

亚群 Subgroup	各亚群种质总数 Total number of germplasms in each subgroup	种质数量（比例/%） Number of germplasms
亚群 Subgroup	各亚群种质总数 Total number of germplasms in each subgroup	Q < 0.6	0.6 ≤ Q < 0.8	0.8 ≤ Q < 0.9	Q ≥ 0.9
Ⅰ	271	74（27.3）	85（31.4）	67（24.7）	45（16.6）
Ⅱ	163	44（27.0）	40（24.5）	38（23.3）	41（25.2）
Ⅲ	243	52（21.4）	63（25.9）	58（23.9）	70（28.8）
Ⅳ	240	60（25.0）	56（23.3）	66（27.5）	58（24.2）
合计Total	917	230（25.1）	244（26.6）	229（25.0）	214（23.3）