牡丹异源四倍体核型和育性分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0413

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过核型分析首次发现3个牡丹异源四倍体，并通过杂交试验分析其育性特点与育种潜力。分析表明，3个材料均具有20条染色体。核型公式，材料07-LB-30为2n = 4x = 20 = 16m（1SAT）+ 4st（1SAT），07-LB-22为2n = 4x = 20 = 15m（1SAT）+ 1sm（1SAT）+ 4st（3SAT），07-LB-56为2n = 4x = 20 = 16m（3SAT）+ 4st。杂交试验表明，07-LB-30分别作父、母本均具良好育性，是优良亲本材料；07-LB-22是雄性不育的优良母本，具有重要育种价值；07-LB-56虽然作母本不育，但作父本有一定育性，是培育重瓣多倍体牡丹的重要材料。

关键词: 芍药属, 牡丹组, 亚组间杂种牡丹, 四倍体, 育性

Abstract:

Three allotetraploid tree peony materials were first found by karyotype analysis，and their fertility characteristics and breeding potentiality were analyzed based on hybridization test. The results showed that each of the three materials had 20 chromosomes，and the karyotype formulas were as follows：07-LB-30：2n = 4x = 20 = 16m（1SAT）+ 4st（1SAT），07-LB-22：2n = 4x = 20 = 15m（1SAT）+ 1sm （1SAT）+ 4st（3SAT），07-LB-56：2n = 4x = 20 = 16m（3SAT）+ 4st. The hybridization test showed that 07-LB-30 was a superior parent material with good fertility either as male or female parent. 07-LB-22 was an excellent male sterile female parent and of great value in breeding. 07-LB-56 was sterile as the female parent，but showed some fertility as male parent in hybridization，which leads it to an important material for breeding polyploid tree peony with double flower type.

Key words: Paeonia, section Moutan, P. × lemoinei, tetraploid, fertility

钟原, 杜明杰, 成仿云, 李坤彦, 季润泽, 崔珺. 牡丹异源四倍体核型和育性分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(7): 1444-1454.

ZHONG Yuan, DU Mingjie, CHENG Fangyun, LI Kunyan, JI Runze, CUI Jun. Karyotype and Fertility Analysis of Allotetraploids in Tree Peony（Paeonia section Moutan）[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(7): 1444-1454.

图/表 8

参考文献 43

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材料Material	雌蕊形态 Pistil morphology	心皮数Carpel number	花药形态Anther form	花粉量Pollen quantity
07-LB-30	正常Normal	3 ~ 5	大而饱满Big and full	多Abundant
07-LB-22	正常Normal	3 ~ 5	干瘪Wizened	无None
07-LB-56	畸形Abnormal	> 5	瘦小Thin and small	少A little

材料Material	雌蕊形态 Pistil morphology	心皮数Carpel number	花药形态Anther form	花粉量Pollen quantity
07-LB-30	正常Normal	3 ~ 5	大而饱满Big and full	多Abundant
07-LB-22	正常Normal	3 ~ 5	干瘪Wizened	无None
07-LB-56	畸形Abnormal	> 5	瘦小Thin and small	少A little

染色体序号 Chromosome No.	07-LB-30			07-LB-22			07-LB-56
染色体序号 Chromosome No.	相对长度/% Relative length	臂比 Arm ratio	类型 Type	相对长度/% Relative length	臂比 Arm ratio	类型 Type	相对长度/% Relative length	臂比 Arm ratio	类型 Type
1	6.27 ± 0.34	1.39 ± 0.14	m	6.19 ± 0.28	1.44 ± 0.30	m	5.88 ± 0.19	1.47 ± 0.10	m
2	6.02 ± 0.28	1.13 ± 0.15	m	5.93 ± 0.26	1.36 ± 0.15	m	5.67 ± 0.10	1.20 ± 0.13	m
3	5.82 ± 0.14	1.23 ± 0.19	m	5.80 ± 0.21	1.15 ± 0.11	m	5.63 ± 0.11	1.53 ± 0.17	m
4	5.66 ± 0.18	1.21 ± 0.15	m	5.70 ± 0.16	1.51 ± 0.29	m	5.54 ± 0.06	1.22 ± 0.17	m
5	5.53 ± 0.11	1.61 ± 0.23	m	5.56 ± 0.13	1.22 ± 0.15	m	5.47 ± 0.05	1.19 ± 0.09	m
6	5.43 ± 0.13	1.24 ± 0.18	m	5.49 ± 0.14	1.32 ± 0.26	m	5.41 ± 0.05	1.13 ± 0.09	m
7	5.24 ± 0.10	1.60 ± 0.23	m	5.37 ± 0.09	1.22 ± 0.16	m	5.34 ± 0.11	1.36 ± 0.18	m
8	5.19 ± 0.11	1.21 ± 0.20	m	5.25 ± 0.07	1.44 ± 0.27	m	5.32 ± 0.11	1.12 ± 0.06	m
9	5.06 ± 0.12	1.60 ± 0.18	m	5.15 ± 0.08	1.28 ± 0.20	m	5.20 ± 0.08	1.27 ± 0.07	m
10	5.05 ± 0.11	1.27 ± 0.23	m	5.06 ± 0.08	1.24 ± 0.14	m	5.16 ± 0.10	1.11 ± 0.07	m
11	4.92 ± 0.11	1.32 ± 0.25	m	4.99 ± 0.05	1.35 ± 0.24	m	5.08 ± 0.09	1.37 ± 0.22	m
12	4.86 ± 0.12	1.30 ± 0.22	m	4.93 ± 0.06	1.25 ± 0.19	m	4.98 ± 0.07	1.48 ± 0.16	m
13	4.78 ± 0.12	1.48 ± 0.27	m	4.87 ± 0.09	1.50 ± 0.19	m	4.90 ± 0.06	1.55 ± 0.11	m^*
14	4.68 ± 0.10	1.25 ± 0.26	m	4.66 ± 0.13	1.50 ± 0.18	m	4.84 ± 0.14	1.14 ± 0.11	m^*
15	4.63 ± 0.17	1.58 ± 0.23	m	4.50 ± 0.13	1.74 ± 0.13	sm^*	4.75 ± 0.13	1.50 ± 0.16	m
16	4.47 ± 0.16	1.57 ± 0.15	m^*	4.41 ± 0.16	1.36 ± 0.18	m^*	4.50 ± 0.22	1.56 ± 0.13	m^*
17	4.30 ± 0.21	4.11 ± 0.50	st^*	4.25 ± 0.21	3.78 ± 0.40	st^*	4.23 ± 0.12	3.71 ± 0.18	st
18	4.17 ± 0.15	3.97 ± 0.52	st	4.11 ± 0.16	4.04 ± 0.52	st	4.19 ± 0.17	4.11 ± 0.30	st
19	4.03 ± 0.15	3.49 ± 0.36	st	3.96 ± 0.11	3.81 ± 0.45	st^*	3.94 ± 0.21	3.90 ± 0.40	st
20	3.88 ± 0.17	3.63 ± 0.19	st	3.83 ± 0.27	3.58 ± 0.48	st^*	3.94 ± 0.14	3.47 ± 0.36	st

染色体序号 Chromosome No.	07-LB-30			07-LB-22			07-LB-56
染色体序号 Chromosome No.	相对长度/% Relative length	臂比 Arm ratio	类型 Type	相对长度/% Relative length	臂比 Arm ratio	类型 Type	相对长度/% Relative length	臂比 Arm ratio	类型 Type
1	6.27 ± 0.34	1.39 ± 0.14	m	6.19 ± 0.28	1.44 ± 0.30	m	5.88 ± 0.19	1.47 ± 0.10	m
2	6.02 ± 0.28	1.13 ± 0.15	m	5.93 ± 0.26	1.36 ± 0.15	m	5.67 ± 0.10	1.20 ± 0.13	m
3	5.82 ± 0.14	1.23 ± 0.19	m	5.80 ± 0.21	1.15 ± 0.11	m	5.63 ± 0.11	1.53 ± 0.17	m
4	5.66 ± 0.18	1.21 ± 0.15	m	5.70 ± 0.16	1.51 ± 0.29	m	5.54 ± 0.06	1.22 ± 0.17	m
5	5.53 ± 0.11	1.61 ± 0.23	m	5.56 ± 0.13	1.22 ± 0.15	m	5.47 ± 0.05	1.19 ± 0.09	m
6	5.43 ± 0.13	1.24 ± 0.18	m	5.49 ± 0.14	1.32 ± 0.26	m	5.41 ± 0.05	1.13 ± 0.09	m
7	5.24 ± 0.10	1.60 ± 0.23	m	5.37 ± 0.09	1.22 ± 0.16	m	5.34 ± 0.11	1.36 ± 0.18	m
8	5.19 ± 0.11	1.21 ± 0.20	m	5.25 ± 0.07	1.44 ± 0.27	m	5.32 ± 0.11	1.12 ± 0.06	m
9	5.06 ± 0.12	1.60 ± 0.18	m	5.15 ± 0.08	1.28 ± 0.20	m	5.20 ± 0.08	1.27 ± 0.07	m
10	5.05 ± 0.11	1.27 ± 0.23	m	5.06 ± 0.08	1.24 ± 0.14	m	5.16 ± 0.10	1.11 ± 0.07	m
11	4.92 ± 0.11	1.32 ± 0.25	m	4.99 ± 0.05	1.35 ± 0.24	m	5.08 ± 0.09	1.37 ± 0.22	m
12	4.86 ± 0.12	1.30 ± 0.22	m	4.93 ± 0.06	1.25 ± 0.19	m	4.98 ± 0.07	1.48 ± 0.16	m
13	4.78 ± 0.12	1.48 ± 0.27	m	4.87 ± 0.09	1.50 ± 0.19	m	4.90 ± 0.06	1.55 ± 0.11	m^*
14	4.68 ± 0.10	1.25 ± 0.26	m	4.66 ± 0.13	1.50 ± 0.18	m	4.84 ± 0.14	1.14 ± 0.11	m^*
15	4.63 ± 0.17	1.58 ± 0.23	m	4.50 ± 0.13	1.74 ± 0.13	sm^*	4.75 ± 0.13	1.50 ± 0.16	m
16	4.47 ± 0.16	1.57 ± 0.15	m^*	4.41 ± 0.16	1.36 ± 0.18	m^*	4.50 ± 0.22	1.56 ± 0.13	m^*
17	4.30 ± 0.21	4.11 ± 0.50	st^*	4.25 ± 0.21	3.78 ± 0.40	st^*	4.23 ± 0.12	3.71 ± 0.18	st
18	4.17 ± 0.15	3.97 ± 0.52	st	4.11 ± 0.16	4.04 ± 0.52	st	4.19 ± 0.17	4.11 ± 0.30	st
19	4.03 ± 0.15	3.49 ± 0.36	st	3.96 ± 0.11	3.81 ± 0.45	st^*	3.94 ± 0.21	3.90 ± 0.40	st
20	3.88 ± 0.17	3.63 ± 0.19	st	3.83 ± 0.27	3.58 ± 0.48	st^*	3.94 ± 0.14	3.47 ± 0.36	st

母本 Female parent	父本 Male parent	授粉花朵数 Number of pollinated flowers	结实粒数 Number of plump seeds	每朵结实粒数 Number of plump seeds per pollinated flower	杂交年份 Hybrid year
07-LB-30	07-LB-X6 + 07-LB-33	47	274	5.83	2020
07-LB-22	07-LB-30	7	30	4.29	2019
	07-LB-X6 + 07-LB-30	42	253	6.02	2020
	小计Subtotal	49	283	5.78
07-LB-56	07-LB-X6 + 07-LB-30	30	9	0.30	2020