Abstract: Chilli veinal mottle virus（ChiVMV）was discovered in 1979 in peninsular Malaysia，and was subsequently found to spread all over the world. In China，the occurrence of ChiVMV was first reported in Shaanxi in 2003. Since then，incidences of ChiVMV have been noted in many other main pepper producing areas，such as Sichuan，Hunan，and Guizhou. ChiVMV has become one of the main viruses seriously jeopardizing pepper production. In this pape，we have emphatically summarized the disease symptoms induced by ChiVMV，viral transmission and strain differentiation，viral genome structure and function，the identification of pepper resistance to ChiVMV，resistance inheritance，and localization of molecular markers associated with resistance，with an attempt to provide theoretical references for further studies on breeding resistant varieties.