Effects of Spent Mushroom Substrates on the Roots，Nitrogen Accumulation，Yield and Fruit Quality of Continuous Tomato in Greenhouse

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0257

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 2969-2986.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0257

• Cultivation · Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Spent Mushroom Substrates on the Roots，Nitrogen Accumulation，Yield and Fruit Quality of Continuous Tomato in Greenhouse

LIU Yujie¹, YIN Zhi¹, WANG Yuan², KANG Min³, LI Ruizhen³, and NIE Yuanjun³^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture， Shanxi Agricultural University，Taigu， Shanxi 030801， China
² College of Resources and Environment， Shanxi Agricultural University， Taiyuan 030031， China
³ College of Agricultural Economics and Management， Shanxi Agricultural University， Taiyuan 030006， China

Received:2025-03-21 Revised:2025-07-06 Online:2025-11-26 Published:2025-11-26
Contact: and NIE Yuanjun

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of composts of spent mushroom and manure used for organic cultivation substrates（OS）on root growth，plant nitrogen accumulation，yield and fruit quality of continuous tomato in greenhouse，a two-season field experiment（autumn season and winter-spring season）was performed with four treatments：mineral fertilizer application in a continuously mono-cropped tomato（MF），organic fertilizer application in a continuously mono-cropped tomato（OF），peat substrate（PS）and OS. Results showed that the relative high root biomass was produced by OS at harvesting stage，which was produced a higher value by 42.00% and 45.04% than MF treatment did in autumn season and winter-spring season，respectively. And compared to PS，the root biomass under OS treatment increased by 16.04% and 11.51%，respectively，at harvesting stage of two seasons. PS treatment significantly stimulated root elongation，while the root of OS tended to be thicker than other treatments. In these two seasons，compared with MF，the total root length under PS treatment was increased by 85.58% and 120.46%，while OS treatment increased by 42.86% and 59.74%，respectively，at harvesting stage. Compared to the values when chemical mineral fertilizer was applied，OS also enhanced average diameter by 20.97% and 23.38%，respectively，at harvesting stage of two seasons. OS could produce the highest values for root nitrogen accumulation，aboveground nitrogen accumulation，yield and sugar-acid ratio，which were increased by 68.71%，63.63%，35.29% and 22.49% in autumn season and 44.76%，27.46%，31.09% and 11.88% in winter-spring season，compared with MF，respectively. And in compared with PS，the values of root nitrogen accumulation，aboveground nitrogen accumulation，yield and sugar-acid ratio were increased by 41.71%，27.53%，5.26% and 12.89% in autumn season and 12.59%，5.88%，4.49% and 6.25% in winter-spring season，respectively，induced by OS treatment. Pearson correlation analyses revealed a strong positive relationship between plant nitrogen accumulation and total root length，sugar-acid ratio，root biomass，plant biomass，root nitrogen accumulation and tomato yield and a significant negative correlation between plant nitrogen accumulation and organic acid content in two seasons. In winter-spring period，the plant nitrogen accumulation was also positively correlated with vitamin C content，total sugar content and root surface area of tomato. In conclusion，OS can evidently mitigate continuous cropping obstacles compared to conventional fertilization（MF，OF）and PS. It significantly improved root growth（particularly root thickening），enhanced nitrogen absorption，and increased fruit yield and quality. This study provides a basis for OS to replace traditional soil in greenhouse tomato，and also provides an alternative to reduce the use of peat in horticulture，alleviating environmental impacts to agricultural wastes.

Key words: tomato, growing substrate, spent mushroom, roots, nitrogen accumulation, yield, quality

LIU Yujie, YIN Zhi, WANG Yuan, KANG Min, LI Ruizhen, and NIE Yuanjun. Effects of Spent Mushroom Substrates on the Roots，Nitrogen Accumulation，Yield and Fruit Quality of Continuous Tomato in Greenhouse[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(11): 2969-2986.

Figures/Tables 5

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季节 season	生育时期 Growth stages	处理 Treat-ment	总根长/m Total root length	根表面积/cm² Root surface area	根平均直径/mm Average diameter	根体积/cm³ Root volume	比根长/（m · g^-1） Specific root length
秋茬 Autumn season	苗期 Seedling stage	MF	14.47 ± 1.03 a	167.81 ± 1.44 ab	0.414 ± 0.022 a	1.61 ± 0.10 a	149.97 ± 9.23 a
		OF	13.57 ± 1.86 a	158.41 ± 4.58 bc	0.421 ± 0.004 a	1.77 ± 0.02 a	98.14 ± 5.45 c
		PS	15.23 ± 0.89 a	175.38 ± 3.62 a	0.393 ± 0.034 a	1.62 ± 0.03 a	122.33 ± 7.38 b
		OS	11.77 ± 0.23 a	152.43 ± 5.00 c	0.429 ± 0.013 a	1.63 ± 0.04 a	100.80 ± 2.22 c
	开花期 Flowering stage	MF	19.50 ± 0.84 c	309.52 ± 25.57 b	0.546 ± 0.003 a	4.01 ± 0.12 b	46.78 ± 3.82 c
		OF	20.01 ± 1.10 c	290.89 ± 4.09 b	0.503 ± 0.013 b	3.90 ± 0.25 b	69.14 ± 3.50 b
		PS	38.27 ± 0.35 a	521.33 ± 9.53 a	0.459 ± 0.006 c	6.40 ± 0.08 a	118.32 ± 4.91 a
		OS	24.39 ± 0.53 b	314.42 ± 3.96 b	0.490 ± 0.004 b	4.21 ± 0.02 b	60.86 ± 1.05 b
	收获期 Harvest stage	MF	23.10 ± 0.58 d	609.93 ± 12.89 b	0.619 ± 0.032 b	10.55 ± 0.40 b	13.60 ± 0.59 b
		OF	27.01 ± 0.43 c	617.76 ± 18.99 b	0.644 ± 0.029 b	10.16 ± 1.25 b	12.23 ± 0.38 b
		PS	42.87 ± 1.57 a	604.40 ± 27.62 b	0.534 ± 0.003 c	12.10 ± 0.28 ab	19.00 ± 0.61 a
		OS	33.00 ± 0.36 b	719.40 ± 7.81 a	0.749 ± 0.013 a	13.70 ± 0.23 a	10.05 ± 0.51 c
冬春茬 Winter-spring season	苗期 Seedling stage	MF	12.36 ± 0.47 b	215.97 ± 4.45 b	0.605 ± 0.004 ab	3.09 ± 0.01 a	138.00 ± 3.99 a
		OF	10.43 ± 0.14 c	173.37 ± 5.73 c	0.610 ± 0.004 a	2.95 ± 0.03 b	115.56 ± 5.18 b
		PS	14.02 ± 0.23 a	245.97 ± 2.22 a	0.588 ± 0.009 b	3.15 ± 0.03 a	145.80 ± 5.33 a
		OS	13.54 ± 0.21 a	223.27 ± 5.01 b	0.594 ± 0.002 ab	3.13 ± 0.02 a	147.26 ± 2.75 a
	开花期 Flowering stage	MF	17.51 ± 0.33 c	342.57 ± 11.81 b	0.597 ± 0.007 b	4.86 ± 0.30 b	29.95 ± 0.93 c
		OF	15.21 ± 0.73 d	265.66 ± 4.30 c	0.612 ± 0.005 ab	4.20 ± 0.17 c	29.19 ± 0.91 c
		PS	32.36 ± 0.79 a	515.49 ± 11.83 a	0.564 ± 0.012 c	5.74 ± 0.09 a	62.85 ± 0.61 a
		OS	26.07 ± 0.61 b	488.99 ± 10.91 a	0.628 ± 0.006 a	5.15 ± 0.04 b	41.19 ± 0.10 b
	收获期 Harvest stage	MF	19.60 ± 0.24 d	634.63 ± 32.56 b	0.770 ± 0.028 b	15.04 ± 1.20 a	8.51 ± 0.48 b
		OF	24.53 ± 1.48 c	812.44 ± 24.11 a	0.765 ± 0.023 b	10.04 ± 0.74 b	8.27 ± 0.50 b
		PS	43.21 ± 1.15 a	902.39 ± 31.93 a	0.690 ± 0.005 c	13.23 ± 0.53 a	15.40 ± 0.61 a
		OS	31.31 ± 1.24 b	866.65 ± 34.57 a	0.950 ± 0.009 a	13.73 ± 0.73 a	9.77 ± 0.60 b

季节 season	生育时期 Growth stages	处理 Treat-ment	总根长/m Total root length	根表面积/cm² Root surface area	根平均直径/mm Average diameter	根体积/cm³ Root volume	比根长/（m · g^-1） Specific root length
秋茬 Autumn season	苗期 Seedling stage	MF	14.47 ± 1.03 a	167.81 ± 1.44 ab	0.414 ± 0.022 a	1.61 ± 0.10 a	149.97 ± 9.23 a
		OF	13.57 ± 1.86 a	158.41 ± 4.58 bc	0.421 ± 0.004 a	1.77 ± 0.02 a	98.14 ± 5.45 c
		PS	15.23 ± 0.89 a	175.38 ± 3.62 a	0.393 ± 0.034 a	1.62 ± 0.03 a	122.33 ± 7.38 b
		OS	11.77 ± 0.23 a	152.43 ± 5.00 c	0.429 ± 0.013 a	1.63 ± 0.04 a	100.80 ± 2.22 c
	开花期 Flowering stage	MF	19.50 ± 0.84 c	309.52 ± 25.57 b	0.546 ± 0.003 a	4.01 ± 0.12 b	46.78 ± 3.82 c
		OF	20.01 ± 1.10 c	290.89 ± 4.09 b	0.503 ± 0.013 b	3.90 ± 0.25 b	69.14 ± 3.50 b
		PS	38.27 ± 0.35 a	521.33 ± 9.53 a	0.459 ± 0.006 c	6.40 ± 0.08 a	118.32 ± 4.91 a
		OS	24.39 ± 0.53 b	314.42 ± 3.96 b	0.490 ± 0.004 b	4.21 ± 0.02 b	60.86 ± 1.05 b
	收获期 Harvest stage	MF	23.10 ± 0.58 d	609.93 ± 12.89 b	0.619 ± 0.032 b	10.55 ± 0.40 b	13.60 ± 0.59 b
		OF	27.01 ± 0.43 c	617.76 ± 18.99 b	0.644 ± 0.029 b	10.16 ± 1.25 b	12.23 ± 0.38 b
		PS	42.87 ± 1.57 a	604.40 ± 27.62 b	0.534 ± 0.003 c	12.10 ± 0.28 ab	19.00 ± 0.61 a
		OS	33.00 ± 0.36 b	719.40 ± 7.81 a	0.749 ± 0.013 a	13.70 ± 0.23 a	10.05 ± 0.51 c
冬春茬 Winter-spring season	苗期 Seedling stage	MF	12.36 ± 0.47 b	215.97 ± 4.45 b	0.605 ± 0.004 ab	3.09 ± 0.01 a	138.00 ± 3.99 a
		OF	10.43 ± 0.14 c	173.37 ± 5.73 c	0.610 ± 0.004 a	2.95 ± 0.03 b	115.56 ± 5.18 b
		PS	14.02 ± 0.23 a	245.97 ± 2.22 a	0.588 ± 0.009 b	3.15 ± 0.03 a	145.80 ± 5.33 a
		OS	13.54 ± 0.21 a	223.27 ± 5.01 b	0.594 ± 0.002 ab	3.13 ± 0.02 a	147.26 ± 2.75 a
	开花期 Flowering stage	MF	17.51 ± 0.33 c	342.57 ± 11.81 b	0.597 ± 0.007 b	4.86 ± 0.30 b	29.95 ± 0.93 c
		OF	15.21 ± 0.73 d	265.66 ± 4.30 c	0.612 ± 0.005 ab	4.20 ± 0.17 c	29.19 ± 0.91 c
		PS	32.36 ± 0.79 a	515.49 ± 11.83 a	0.564 ± 0.012 c	5.74 ± 0.09 a	62.85 ± 0.61 a
		OS	26.07 ± 0.61 b	488.99 ± 10.91 a	0.628 ± 0.006 a	5.15 ± 0.04 b	41.19 ± 0.10 b
	收获期 Harvest stage	MF	19.60 ± 0.24 d	634.63 ± 32.56 b	0.770 ± 0.028 b	15.04 ± 1.20 a	8.51 ± 0.48 b
		OF	24.53 ± 1.48 c	812.44 ± 24.11 a	0.765 ± 0.023 b	10.04 ± 0.74 b	8.27 ± 0.50 b
		PS	43.21 ± 1.15 a	902.39 ± 31.93 a	0.690 ± 0.005 c	13.23 ± 0.53 a	15.40 ± 0.61 a
		OS	31.31 ± 1.24 b	866.65 ± 34.57 a	0.950 ± 0.009 a	13.73 ± 0.73 a	9.77 ± 0.60 b

Effects of Spent Mushroom Substrates on the Roots，Nitrogen Accumulation，Yield and Fruit Quality of Continuous Tomato in Greenhouse

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