Abstract: ‘Chuanjiao 1’is a new cultivar of Zanthoxylum armatum developed through primary selection，reselection，final selection，grafting breeding and regional testing from excellent local resources in Danling County，Meishan City，Sichuan Province. It has early fruit setting and high yield. Each plant typically has 3–5 leaves，mostly 3 leaves. It is no leaf shaft thorn，the trunk and branch thorns are extremely sparse. The ear length is 11.05 cm，the number of grains per ear is 88，and the yield of fresh pepper in the canopy projection area at full fruit stage is 1.168 kg · m^-2. The volatile oil content of fresh pepper is 33.9 mL · kg^-1，the content of amides is 4.94 g · kg^-1，and the content of non-volatile ether extract is 2.70%. The aroma is rich and the aftertaste was not bitter. It is suitable for cultivation in low mountains，hilly areas and plains below 1 000 m altitude.

Key words: Zanthoxylum armatum, breeding, cultivar