Identification of Pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae and Study on Green Control in Harbin City

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-1059

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 1375-1388.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-1059

• Plant Protection • Previous Articles Next Articles

Identification of Pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae and Study on Green Control in Harbin City

ZHANG Shuqing¹, MEN Wanjie², TIAN Tian², CHEN Qiuming², YE Tingyu¹, YU Hongrui¹, MA Xinyan¹, IQBAL Hussain¹, LEI Na²^,^*(), YU Xiaolin¹^,³^,^*()

¹ Zhejiang University Vegetable Research Institute，Hangzhou 310058，China
² Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Harbin 1500863，China
³ Zhejiang University Hainan Research Institute，Sanya，Hainan 572000，China

Received:2024-12-30 Revised:2025-03-10 Online:2025-05-23 Published:2025-05-21
Contact: LEI Na, YU Xiaolin

Abstract

Abstract:

Clubroot，caused by the soil-borne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin，is a major challenge for Brassicaceae crops. In this study，using the Williams system and European Clubroot Differential（ECD）series，pathotypes of P. brassicae collected from Acheng District，Wuchang City，and Songbei District in Harbin were identified. Acheng District had the P1 pathotype（ECD31/31/28），and Wuchang City had the P2 pathotype（ECD31/14/31），while the strains from Songbei District didn’t infect the plants in either system. Additionally，to evaluate the effect of crop rotation，the different crops including soybean，pea，potato-onion，garlic and potato as predecessors to Chinese cabbage disease index at the above three sites，quantitative PCR was used to quantify the number of dormant spores in the soil before and after Chinese cabbage cultivation to assess the effect of preceding crop treatments on the dormant spores. The crop rotation experiment shows that pea and potato-onion rotations were particularly effective，significantly reducing both the disease index and the number of dormant spores in the soil，suggesting that crop rotation using these two crops as preceding crops can be a useful strategy for managing clubroot. Furthermore，greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of biological fungicides and biocontrol agents against Chinese cabbage clubroot disease. In greenhouse experiments，fluazinam proved highly effective，not only inhibiting the disease but also promoting plant growth. These findings make fluazinam a promising solution for managing clubroot in Harbin City so far.

Key words: Chinese cabbage, Harbin City, Plasmodiophora brassicae, physiological races, clubroot control, crop rotation

ZHANG Shuqing, MEN Wanjie, TIAN Tian, CHEN Qiuming, YE Tingyu, YU Hongrui, MA Xinyan, IQBAL Hussain, LEI Na, YU Xiaolin. Identification of Pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae and Study on Green Control in Harbin City[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(5): 1375-1388.

Figures/Tables 9

References 45

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鉴别寄主 Differential host	各病级株数Number of plants at different level				总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification	二进制 Binary	十进制 Decimal
鉴别寄主 Differential host	0	1	2	3	总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification	二进制 Binary	十进制 Decimal
ECD01	26	4	2	7	39	24.10	S	2⁰	1
ECD02	20	5	1	3	29	17.59	S	2¹	2
ECD03	31	0	3	10	44	26.82	S	2²	4
ECD04	1	11	15	24	51	71.18	S	2³	8
ECD05	0	0	3	42	45	97.33	S	2⁴	16
ECD06	15	10	4	6	35	32.57	S	2⁰	1
ECD07	3	1	5	33	42	86.43	S	2¹	2
ECD08	4	1	4	32	41	84.63	S	2²	4
ECD09	25	1	9	8	43	31.86	S	2³	8
ECD10	37	1	5	2	45	11.78	S	2⁴	16
ECD11	32	6	0	0	38	4.74	R	0	0
ECD12	30	12	1	0	43	9.77	R	0	0
ECD13	7	15	21	3	46	43.70	S	2²	4
ECD14	4	3	2	29	38	81.84	S	2³	8
ECD15	21	12	2	0	35	13.71	S	2⁴	16

鉴别寄主 Differential host	各病级株数Number of plants at different level				总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification	二进制 Binary	十进制 Decimal
鉴别寄主 Differential host	0	1	2	3	总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification	二进制 Binary	十进制 Decimal
ECD01	26	4	2	7	39	24.10	S	2⁰	1
ECD02	20	5	1	3	29	17.59	S	2¹	2
ECD03	31	0	3	10	44	26.82	S	2²	4
ECD04	1	11	15	24	51	71.18	S	2³	8
ECD05	0	0	3	42	45	97.33	S	2⁴	16
ECD06	15	10	4	6	35	32.57	S	2⁰	1
ECD07	3	1	5	33	42	86.43	S	2¹	2
ECD08	4	1	4	32	41	84.63	S	2²	4
ECD09	25	1	9	8	43	31.86	S	2³	8
ECD10	37	1	5	2	45	11.78	S	2⁴	16
ECD11	32	6	0	0	38	4.74	R	0	0
ECD12	30	12	1	0	43	9.77	R	0	0
ECD13	7	15	21	3	46	43.70	S	2²	4
ECD14	4	3	2	29	38	81.84	S	2³	8
ECD15	21	12	2	0	35	13.71	S	2⁴	16

鉴别寄主 Differential host	各病级株数Number of plants at different level				总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定 Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification
鉴别寄主 Differential host	0	1	2	3	总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定 Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification
‘Jersey Queen’	7	15	21	3	46	43.70	S
‘Badger Shipper’	32	6	0	0	38	4.74	R
‘Laurentian’	15	14	10	4	43	33.02	S
‘Wilhelmsburger’	37	1	5	2	45	11.78	S

鉴别寄主 Differential host	各病级株数Number of plants at different level				总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定 Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification
鉴别寄主 Differential host	0	1	2	3	总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定 Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification
‘Jersey Queen’	7	15	21	3	46	43.70	S
‘Badger Shipper’	32	6	0	0	38	4.74	R
‘Laurentian’	15	14	10	4	43	33.02	S
‘Wilhelmsburger’	37	1	5	2	45	11.78	S

鉴别寄主 Differential host	各病级株数Number of plants at different level				总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification	二进制 Binary	十进制 Decimal
鉴别寄主 Differential host	0	1	2	3	总数 Total	病情指数 Disease index	抗（R）/感（S）鉴定Resistance（R）/susceptibility（S）identification	二进制 Binary	十进制 Decimal
ECD01	18	12	6	0	36	20.00	S	2⁰	1
ECD02	12	22	2	0	36	21.67	S	2¹	2
ECD03	1	1	12	22	36	81.94	S	2²	4
ECD04	0	0	32	4	36	64.44	S	2³	8
ECD05	1	0	27	8	36	67.22	S	2⁴	16
ECD06	33	3	0	0	36	2.50	R	0	0
ECD07	0	0	3	35	38	96.84	S	2¹	2
ECD08	0	0	9	27	36	90.00	S	2²	4
ECD09	8	1	11	14	34	61.47	S	2³	8
ECD10	35	0	0	3	38	7.89	R	0	0
ECD11	3	2	31	0	36	53.33	S	2⁰	1
ECD12	17	8	9	2	36	27.22	S	2¹	2
ECD13	0	0	0	36	36	100.00	S	2²	4
ECD14	0	0	9	27	36	90.00	S	2³	8
ECD15	10	11	13	0	34	32.65	S	2⁴	16

Identification of Pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae and Study on Green Control in Harbin City

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前茬作物 Preceding crop	阿城区Acheng District		五常市Wuchang City		松北区Songbei District
前茬作物 Preceding crop	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果/% Control efficacy	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果/% Control efficacy	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果/% Control efficacy
对照Control	61.49 ± 3.44 a	/	52.06 ± 10.37 b	/	12.95 ± 1.36 b	/
黄豆Soybean	57.10 ± 0.59 ab	7.15	85.62 ± 7.44 a	-64.47	19.01 ± 4.09 a	-46.73
豌豆Pea	43.46 ± 1.01 de	29.33	50.43 ± 8.92 b	3.13	5.62 ± 1.41 d	56.64
分蘖洋葱Potato-onion	39.61 ± 2.40 e	35.58	82.53 ± 0.76 a	-58.55	8.31 ± 0.85 cd	35.82
大蒜Garlic	52.54 ± 1.63 bc	14.57	71.64 ± 12.57 a	-37.63	11.61 ± 1.54 bc	10.40
马铃薯Potato	48.01 ± 4.50 cd	21.93	71.86 ± 7.64 a	-38.04	14.60 ± 1.12 b	-12.69

前茬作物 Preceding crop	阿城区Acheng District		五常市Wuchang City		松北区Songbei District
前茬作物 Preceding crop	前茬作物 Preceding crop	后茬作物 Succeeding crop	前茬作物 Preceding crop	后茬作物 Succeeding crop	前茬作物 Preceding crop	后茬作物 Succeeding crop
对照Control	46.13 ± 2.91 a	76.33 ± 5.63 a	19.10 ± 1.57 a	215.11 ± 32.60 a	23.98 ± 4.46 a	75.70 ± 7.01 a
黄豆Soybean	15.64 ± 3.47 c	24.60 ± 6.26 c	8.34 ± 4.31 cd	140.00 ± 31.24 b	5.60 ± 1.80 b	15.80 ± 8.79 bcd
豌豆Pea	2.55 ± 1.13 d	37.97 ± 15.80 bc	16.50 ± 1.81 ab	113.00 ± 42.57 b	8.01 ± 2.86 b	27.70 ± 11.00 b
分蘖洋葱Potato-onion	1.12 ± 0.28 d	3.97 ± 0.95 d	5.06 ± 0.65 d	43.60 ± 2.25 c	5.83 ± 1.64 b	7.86 ± 2.90 d
大蒜Garlic	3.34 ± 1.47 d	6.12 ± 1.02 d	12.30 ± 2.36 bc	29.10 ± 12.92 c	6.13 ± 1.88 b	10.50 ± 1.10 cd
马铃薯Potato	27.78 ± 11.63 b	54.03 ± 11.32 b	7.87 ± 3.07 cd	56.70 ± 11.75 c	8.98 ± 3.23 b	24.30 ± 8.07 bc

[1]	HU Yun, WEN Chunhuai, XIONG Xingcheng, YU Benyu, HE Shenghua. A New Cultivar of Low-Temperature Resistant Chinese Cabbage‘Zhuochunbai 1’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 81-82.
[2]	PANG Wenxing, YE Taining, JIANG Jing, LIANG Yue, WANG Xin, LIU Xin. A New Cultivar of Clubroot-Resistant Chinese Cabbage‘Yuxing 9’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 83-84.
[3]	MEN Xuejie, ZHOU Jin, WU Yanghuan, CHEN Fang, YANG Qihang, PARUKE • Aniwaer. A New Seedling-Edible Chinese Cabbage Cultivar‘Zaokuai 25’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 85-86.
[4]	LIU Chong, YI Dandan, ZOU Danrong, ZHOU Lixue, WANG Hui, SHENG Lili, CHEN Xiaofeng, ZHANG Yaming, GUI Hang. A New Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage Cultivar‘Qingmei 1’of High-Yield and High-Quality [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 87-88.
[5]	ZHANG Lei, WANG Qingming, ZHOU Jie, WANG Yue’e, CAI Huaqing, WEI Lijun, LIU Daomin. A New Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage Cultivar‘Wancuibai’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 89-90.
[6]	YU Xiaolin, PING Fan, HUANG Li, CAO Jiashu, SONG Jianwei, LU Gang. A New Early-Mid Maturing Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage Cultivar‘Qiantangqing’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 91-92.
[7]	ZHANG Fenglan, SU Tongbing, ZHANG Bin, YU Shuancang, YU Yangjun, ZHANG Deshuang, ZHAO Xiuyun, WANG Weihong, LI Peirong, XIN Xiaoyun. Review and Prospects of Chinese Cabbage Breeding for the Past 70 Years in China [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(5): 1111-1135.
[8]	ZHANG Meidi, MA Ming, LI Xiaonan, JIANG Mingliang. Research Progress on Bolting Resistance Traits in Chinese Cabbage [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(5): 1136-1158.
[9]	ZHENG Jingyi, LI Xiaonan, PIAO Zhongyun. Multi-omics Approaches to Improve the Studies on the Mechanisms of Clubroot Resistance in Brassica Hosts [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(5): 1213-1232.
[10]	WANG Wenlong, LIU Zhaokun, LU Wenjun, WANG Yaolong, LI Xiaofeng, ZHU Hongfang, LIU Tongkun, LI Ying, HOU Xilin, ZHANG Changwei. Enhancing Ascorbic Acid Content in Non-heading Chinese Cabbage Using Gene Editing Technology [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(5): 1317-1325.
[11]	XU Xiuxiu, YE Xinyu, SHI Bo, ZHANG Shujiang, ZHANG Shifan, LI Fei, LI Guoliang, SUN Rifei, WANG Shunli, SUN Huagang, ZHANG Hui. Analysis of Flavor Quality of Chinese Cabbage Yutian Baojian [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(5): 1364-1374.
[12]	WANG Qing, HU Yan, CHEN Shan, LU Jingwei, ZHENG Yang, TAO Weilin, SUN Xianchao, ZHOU Na, CHEN Guokang. Biocontrol Efficacy and Mechanisms of Streptomyces purpeofuscus CC2-6 Against Chinese Cabbage Clubroot Caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(5): 1137-1150.
[13]	GUO Juxian, FU Mei, LUO Wenlong, LUO Shanwei, LI Guihua. A New Flowering Chinese Cabbage Cultivar‘Yuetai 2’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(4): 915-916.
[14]	ZHANG Hong, WANG Chaonan, FAN Weiqiang, HUANG Zhiyin, LIU Xiaohui, LI Mei, ZHANG Bin. A New Cultivar of Early Mature Miniature Headed Chinese Cabbage‘Jinwawa 560’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(12): 2989-2990.
[15]	LI Renjie , YUAN Lingyun , CHEN Guohu , HOU Jinfeng , HUANG Xingxue , and WANG Chenggang, . [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(S1): 41-42.