Abstract: Fifty-seven markers of SSR（simple sequence repeat）and InDel（insertion-deletion）were used to amply the genome DNA of 80 inbred lines and 110 F₁ hybrids of Chinese cabbage. Population genetic structure analysis showed that 190 Chinese cabbage accessions are composed of 3 subpopulations. The classification of subpopulations is associated with their genetic relationships and phenotypic traits. The association analysis of markers and bolting time，markers and flowering time were performed using GLM（general linear model）method of software TASSEL. A total of 17 alleles from 13 primers were identified as significant associations with bolting and flowering time，of which 15 alleles were associated with bolting time and 12 alleles were associated with flowering time. Furthermore，we found that 10 alleles were associated with two observed traits simultaneously.