The Effects of Aged Walnut and Grape Orchards Soil on the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2026-0255

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (7): 2129-2143.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2026-0255

• Cultivation · Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

The Effects of Aged Walnut and Grape Orchards Soil on the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings

QIN Lei¹, LU Lei², TANG Jin², YU Yajing¹, YIN Chengmiao¹^,^*(), JIANG Weitao¹^,^*(), MAO Zhiquan¹^,²^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture Science and Engineering， Shandong Agricultural University，Tai’an， Shandong 271018， China
² Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Forestry Science Research Institute， Yining， Xinjiang 835000， China

Received:2026-03-17 Revised:2026-06-30 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-07-23
Contact: YIN Chengmiao, JIANG Weitao, MAO Zhiquan

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the impact of aged walnut and grape orchards soil on the growth of Malus hupehensis seedlings，this study used M. hupehensis seedlings as test materials and set up four groups of treatments：aged walnut orchard soil，aged grape orchard soil，and their sterilized soil. The growth and development of the seedlings，soil allelopathic substances，and pathogenic bacteria types were measured to analyze the impact of aged orchard soils on the growth of M. hupehensis seedlings. The results showed that the untreated old walnut orchard soil and old grape orchard soil inhibited the growth of M. hupehensis seedlings，which was manifested by the decrease of biomass，root activity and the activity of root protective enzymes（SOD，POD，CAT），the increase of malondialdehyde（MDA）content，the decrease of soil bacteria/fungi ratio. The content of allelopathic substances and microbial community structure in two kinds of aged orchard soils were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the soil was enriched with allelopathic substances such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid，phenylpropionic acid，quercus quinone，ferulic acid and gallic acid，and potential pathogenic bacteria genus such as Fusarium，Aspergillus and Alternaria alternata. Further validation was conducted through exogenous addition allelopathic substances and inoculation pathogenic bacteria. The above mentioned allelopathic substances and pathogenic bacteria could significantly inhibit the growth of M. hupehensis seedlings. In conclusion，the main reason for the growth inhibition of the next crop seedings is the accumulation of phytochemicals and harmful microorganisms in the soil of aged vineyards and walnut orchards，neither is suitable for direct crop rotation planting of apple seedlings.

Key words: orchards, crop rotation, allelopathic substances, pathogenic bacteria

QIN Lei, LU Lei, TANG Jin, YU Yajing, YIN Chengmiao, JIANG Weitao, MAO Zhiquan. The Effects of Aged Walnut and Grape Orchards Soil on the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(7): 2129-2143.

Figures/Tables 14

References 38

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处理	株高/cm	地径/mm	鲜质量/g	干质量/g
Treatment	Plant height	Ground diameter	Fresh weight	Dry weight
H1	44.67 ± 3.38 b	6.48 ± 0.11 b	53.82 ± 0.32 b	21.68 ± 3.12 b
H2	54.33 ± 3.53 a	7.37 ± 0.21 a	79.66 ± 0.57 a	31.15 ± 0.69 a
P1	47.23 ± 0.88 b	7.31 ± 0.04 b	68.82 ± 0.63 b	28.29 ± 2.31 b
P2	64.56 ± 1.20 a	10.09 ± 0.93 a	119.39 ± 3.56 a	47.02 ± 3.49 a

处理	株高/cm	地径/mm	鲜质量/g	干质量/g
Treatment	Plant height	Ground diameter	Fresh weight	Dry weight
H1	44.67 ± 3.38 b	6.48 ± 0.11 b	53.82 ± 0.32 b	21.68 ± 3.12 b
H2	54.33 ± 3.53 a	7.37 ± 0.21 a	79.66 ± 0.57 a	31.15 ± 0.69 a
P1	47.23 ± 0.88 b	7.31 ± 0.04 b	68.82 ± 0.63 b	28.29 ± 2.31 b
P2	64.56 ± 1.20 a	10.09 ± 0.93 a	119.39 ± 3.56 a	47.02 ± 3.49 a

处理 Treatment	根长/cm Root length	根表面积/cm² Root surface	根体积/cm³ Root volume	根尖数 Root tips	根系活力/ （μmol · h^-1 · g^-1FW）
处理 Treatment	根长/cm Root length	根表面积/cm² Root surface	根体积/cm³ Root volume	根尖数 Root tips	Root active
H1	1 157.80 ± 113.11 b	174.31 ± 75.22 b	10.90 ± 4.28 b	2 175.23 ± 107.91 b	34.93 ± 2.21 b
H2	2 268.47 ± 101.36 a	239.61 ± 59.30 a	21.96 ± 2.16 a	4 526.48 ± 131.07 a	54.72 ± 1.49 a
P1	2 173.21 ± 117.11 b	190.45 ± 35.07 b	10.59 ± 3.12 b	2 175.39 ± 138.01 b	42.51 ± 1.17 b
P2	3 523.57 ± 101.36 a	286.91 ± 41.38 a	23.03 ± 3.27 a	5 516.87 ± 114.30 a	71.09 ± 1.56 a

处理 Treatment	根长/cm Root length	根表面积/cm² Root surface	根体积/cm³ Root volume	根尖数 Root tips	根系活力/ （μmol · h^-1 · g^-1FW）
处理 Treatment	根长/cm Root length	根表面积/cm² Root surface	根体积/cm³ Root volume	根尖数 Root tips	Root active
H1	1 157.80 ± 113.11 b	174.31 ± 75.22 b	10.90 ± 4.28 b	2 175.23 ± 107.91 b	34.93 ± 2.21 b
H2	2 268.47 ± 101.36 a	239.61 ± 59.30 a	21.96 ± 2.16 a	4 526.48 ± 131.07 a	54.72 ± 1.49 a
P1	2 173.21 ± 117.11 b	190.45 ± 35.07 b	10.59 ± 3.12 b	2 175.39 ± 138.01 b	42.51 ± 1.17 b
P2	3 523.57 ± 101.36 a	286.91 ± 41.38 a	23.03 ± 3.27 a	5 516.87 ± 114.30 a	71.09 ± 1.56 a

处理Treatment	SOD/（U · min^-1 · g^-1FW）	POD/（U · min^-1 · g^-1FW）	CAT/（U · min^-1 · g^-1FW）	MDA/（μmol · g^-1FW）
H1	82.91 ± 0.21 b	13.62 ± 0.52 b	12.45 ± 0.97 b	1.09 ± 0.06 a
H2	107.20 ± 0.68 a	23.17 ± 0.61 a	27.37 ± 1.60 a	0.52 ± 0.02 b
P1	102.26 ± 0.83 b	16.33 ± 0.21 b	15.62 ± 1.14 b	1.12 ± 0.12 a
P2	133.87 ± 0.65 a	28.46 ± 0.84 a	26.36 ± 1.53 a	0.42 ± 0.27 b

The Effects of Aged Walnut and Grape Orchards Soil on the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings

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处理 Treatment	细菌/（×10⁵ CFU · g^-1） Bacteria	真菌/（×10³ CFU · g^-1） Fungi	细菌与真菌比值 The ratio of bacteria and fungi
H1	36.67 ± 1.52 a	27.00 ± 1.67 a	135.81 ± 1.51 b
H2	9.67 ± 0.36 b	3.00 ± 0.21 b	322.33 ± 3.59 a
P1	27.67 ± 1.33 a	22.12 ± 0.72 a	125.09 ± 1.36 b
P2	6.67 ± 0.52 b	3.00 ± 0.15 b	222.33 ± 2.52 a

土壤	处理	株高/cm	鲜质量/g	干质量/g	致病力/%
Soil	Treatment	Plant height	Fresh weight	Dry weight	Disease intensity
	对照 Control	15.87 ± 1.91 a	3.11 ± 0.21 a	1.54 ± 0.07 a	—
核桃园Walnut orchard	YS-H2-4	10.47 ± 0.34 b	2.19 ± 0.17 b	1.13 ± 0.09 b	100.00
核桃园Walnut orchard	YS-H2-5	8.67 ± 0.29 c	1.04 ± 0.24 c	0.67 ± 0.06 c	97.21
葡萄园Grape orchard	YY-P1-18	9.06 ± 0.65 c	1.18 ± 0.63 c	0.74 ± 0.15 c	87.45
葡萄园Grape orchard	YY-P2-22	10.33 ± 0.57 b	2.13 ± 0.09 b	1.09 ± 0.04 b	75.39

土壤 Soil	化感物质/（mg · kg^-1）Allelochemicals
	胡桃醌 Juglone	阿魏酸 Ferulic acid	绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid	没食子酸 Gallic acid	对羟基苯甲酸p-Hydroxyben- zoic acid	水杨酸 Salicylic acid	苯甲酸 Benzoic acid	苯丙酸 Phenylpro- pionic acid	香草酸 Vanillic acid	丁香酸 Syringate
	H	2.21 ± 0.83	4.13 ± 0.15	3.18 ± 0.18	2.41 ± 0.21	—	—	—	—	1.01 ± 0.06	0.87 ± 0.03
P	—	—	—	—	2.09 ± 0.97	3.23 ± 0.52	4.91 ± 0.73	2.12 ± 0.16	—	—

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土壤	处理	株高/cm	鲜质量/g	干质量/g
Soil	Treatment	Plant height	Fresh weight	Dry weight
对照Control	CK	14.28 ± 1.22 a	4.01 ± 0.11 a	1.86 ± 0.13 a
核桃园Walnut orchard	HT	9.13 ± 0.23 c	2.72 ± 0.26 bc	0.92 ± 0.11 c
	A	12.41 ± 0.98 ab	3.31 ± 0.17 b	1.39 ± 0.05 b
	L	11.67 ± 0.32 b	3.16 ± 0.61 b	1.27 ± 0.07 b
	M	11.39 ± 0.77 b	3.21 ± 0.53 b	1.22 ± 0.10 b
	T1	7.74 ± 0.34 d	2.11 ± 0.42 c	0.81 ± 0.03 c
葡萄园Grape orchard	D	10.65 ± 0.37 b	3.13 ± 0.43 b	1.07 ± 0.11 d
	S	11.12 ± 0.41 b	3.42 ± 0.17 b	1.52 ± 0.08 b
	BJ	11.35 ± 0.39 b	2.97 ± 0.32 b	1.21 ± 0.02 c
	BB	9.27 ± 0.62 c	1.99 ± 0.22 c	0.73 ± 0.07 e
	T2	7.97 ± 0.25 d	1.37 ± 0.16 d	0.68 ± 0.13 e

土壤	处理	株高/cm	鲜质量/g	干质量/g
Soil	Treatment	Plant height	Fresh weight	Dry weight
对照Control	CK	14.28 ± 1.22 a	4.01 ± 0.11 a	1.86 ± 0.13 a
核桃园Walnut orchard	HT	9.13 ± 0.23 c	2.72 ± 0.26 bc	0.92 ± 0.11 c
	A	12.41 ± 0.98 ab	3.31 ± 0.17 b	1.39 ± 0.05 b
	L	11.67 ± 0.32 b	3.16 ± 0.61 b	1.27 ± 0.07 b
	M	11.39 ± 0.77 b	3.21 ± 0.53 b	1.22 ± 0.10 b
	T1	7.74 ± 0.34 d	2.11 ± 0.42 c	0.81 ± 0.03 c
葡萄园Grape orchard	D	10.65 ± 0.37 b	3.13 ± 0.43 b	1.07 ± 0.11 d
	S	11.12 ± 0.41 b	3.42 ± 0.17 b	1.52 ± 0.08 b
	BJ	11.35 ± 0.39 b	2.97 ± 0.32 b	1.21 ± 0.02 c
	BB	9.27 ± 0.62 c	1.99 ± 0.22 c	0.73 ± 0.07 e
	T2	7.97 ± 0.25 d	1.37 ± 0.16 d	0.68 ± 0.13 e