Identification of PpTRM Gene Family Members and Screening the Interacting PpTRMs with the Fruit Shape Regulator PpOFP1 in Peach

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0250

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 2835-2845.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0250

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Next Articles

Identification of PpTRM Gene Family Members and Screening the Interacting PpTRMs with the Fruit Shape Regulator PpOFP1 in Peach

SU Yanyan, WANG Yutong, JING Yanfu, XU Yaoguang, YU Yang, and XIE Hua^*()

Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology， Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Design and Intelligent Breeding，Institute of Biotechnology，Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences， Beijing 100097， China

Received:2025-04-20 Revised:2025-10-24 Online:2025-11-26 Published:2025-11-26
Contact: and XIE Hua

Abstract

Abstract:

Flat peach，with its unique flat fruit shape，provide an ideal material for analyzing the mechanism of fruit shape regulation. Previous studies have confirmed that PpOFP1 is a key regulator of flat fruit formation in peach；however，its molecular regulatory network remains unclear. Studies have shown that TRMs（TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif proteins）interact with OFP family proteins though a conserved M8 domain，and this interaction plays a pivotal role in regulating tomato fruit shape. In this study，a total of 12 TRM family members were identified in peach，and phylogenetic analysis revealed their classification into four evolutionary clades. The analysis of protein conserved motifs revealed that 8 of these members contain the conserved M8 domain，which is essential for TRM-OFP interaction. In this

study，we also found that PpTRM5，PpTRM17，PpTRM18，and PpTRM26 were confirmed to interact with PpOFP1 through yeast two-hybrid assay，luciferase complementation assay，and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis，and this interaction occurs in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. Transcriptome analysis indicated that PpTRM17was highly expressed during the first rapid growth phase of both flat and round peach fruits，which was consistent with the high expression of PpOFP1 in flat peaches during this period，revealing that the two might jointly regulate the formation of flat fruit shape in flat peaches.

Key words: peach, fruit shape, PpTRM gene family, protein interaction

SU Yanyan, WANG Yutong, JING Yanfu, XU Yaoguang, YU Yang, and XIE Hua. Identification of PpTRM Gene Family Members and Screening the Interacting PpTRMs with the Fruit Shape Regulator PpOFP1 in Peach[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(11): 2835-2845.

Figures/Tables 8

References 24

[1]	Batlle I, Fontich C, Lozano L, Iglesias I, Reig G, Alegre S, Echeverría G, De Herralde F, Claveria E, Dolcet-Sanjuan R, Carbó J, Bonany J, Maillard A, Maillard L. 2012. The peach breeding programme IRTA-ASF:aiming for high fruit quality. Acta Horticulturae,(940):75-78.
[2]	Chen C J, Chen H, Zhang Y, Thomas H R, Frank M H, He Y H, Xia R. 2020. TBtools:an integrative Toolkit developed for interactive analyses of big biological data. Molecular Plant,13:1194-1202.
[3]	Chen H, Yu H, Jiang W, Li H, Wu T, Chu J, Xin P, Li Z, Wang R, Zhou T, Huang K, Lu L, Bian M, Du X. 2021. Overexpression of ovate family protein 22 confers multiple morphological changes and represses gibberellin and brassinosteroid signalings in transgenic rice. Plant Science,304:110734.
[4]	Drevensek S, Goussot M, Duroc Y, Christodoulidou A, Steyaert S, Schaefer E, Duvernois E, Grandjean O, Vantard M, Bouchez D, Pastuglia M. 2012. The Arabidopsis TRM1-TON1 interaction reveals a recruitment network common to plant cortical microtubule arrays and eukaryotic centrosomes. The Plant Cell,24:178-191.
[5]	Guan J, Xu Y, Yu Y, Fu J, Ren F, Guo J, Zhao J, Jiang Q, Wei J, Xie H. 2021. Genome structure variation analyses of peach reveal population dynamics and a 1.67 Mb causal inversion for fruit shape. Genome Biology,22:13.
[6]	Guo J, Cao K, Deng C C L, Li Y, Zhu G R, Fang W C, Chen C W, Wang X W, Wu J L, Guan L P, Wu S, Guo W W, Yao J L, Fei Z J, Wang L R. 2020. An integrated peach genome structural variation map uncovers genes associated with fruit traits. Genome Biology,21:258.
[7]	Hackbusch J, Richter K, Müller J, Salamini F, Uhrig J F. 2005. A central role of Arabidopsis thaliana ovate family proteins in networking and subcellular localization of 3-aa loop extension homeodomain proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,102:4908-4912.
[8]	Lee Y K, Kim G T, Kim I J, Park J, Kwak S S, Choi G, Chung W I. 2006. LONGIFOLIA1 and LONGIFOLIA2,two homologous genes,regulate longitudinal cell elongation in Arabidopsis. Development,133:4305-4314.
[9]	Li E Y, Wang S C, Liu Y Y, Chen J G, Douglas C J. 2011. OVATE FAMILY PROTEIN4(OFP4)interaction with KNAT7 regulates secondary cell wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Journal,67:328-341.
[10]	Li Y, Cao K, Li N, Zhu G R, Fang W C, Chen C W, Wang X W, Guo J, Wang Q, Ding T Y. 2021. Genomic analyses provide insights into peach local adaptation and responses to climate change. Genome Research,31:592-606.
[11]	Schmitz A J, Begcy K, Sarath G, Walia H. 2015. Rice Ovate Family Protein 2(OFP2)alters hormonal homeostasis and vasculature development. Plant Science,241:177-188.
[12]	Serin E a R, Nijveen H, Hilhorst H W M, Ligterink W. 2016. Learning from co-expression networks:possibilities and challenges. Frontiers in Plant Science,7:444.
[13]	Stuart J M, Segal E, Koller D, Kim S K. 2003. A gene-coexpression network for global discovery of conserved genetic modules. Science,302:249-255.
[14]	Sun X X, Ma Y M, Yang C, Li J X. 2020. Rice OVATE family protein 6 regulates leaf angle by modulating secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Plant Molecular Biology,104:249-261.
[15]	Wang S, Chang Y, Guo J, Chen J G. 2007. Arabidopsis Ovate Family Protein 1 is a transcriptional repressor that suppresses cell elongation. Plant Journal,50:858-872.
[16]	Wang S K, Li S, Liu Q, Wu K, Zhang J Q, Wang S S, Wang Y, Chen X B, Zhang Y, Gao C X, Wang F, Huang H X, Fu X D. 2015. The OsSPL16-GW7 regulatory module determines grain shape and simultaneously improves rice yield and grain quality. Nature Genetics,47:949-954.
[17]	Wu S, Zhang B Y, Keyhaninejad N, Rodríguez G R, Kim H J, Chakrabarti M, Illa-Berenguer E, Taitano N K, Gonzalo M J, Díaz A, Pan Y P, Leisner C P, Halterman D, Buell C R, Weng Y Q, Jansky S H, Van Eck H, Willemsen J, Monforte A J, Meulia T, van der Knaap E. 2018. A common genetic mechanism underlies morphological diversity in fruits and other plant organs. Nature Communications,9:4734.
[18]	Wu Y D, Wang Y, Fan X C, Zhang Y, Jiang J F, Sun L, Luo Q, Sun F, Liu C H. 2023. QTL mapping for berry shape based on a high-density genetic map constructed by whole-genome resequencing in grape. Horticultural Plant Journal, 9 (4):729-742.
[19]	Xiao Y H, Liu D P, Zhang G X, Tong H N, Chu C C. 2017. Brassinosteroids regulate OFP1,a DLT interacting protein,to modulate plant architecture and grain morphology in rice. Frontiers in Plant Science,8:1698.
[20]	Xu Yaoguang, Zhang Zhengquan, Yu Yang, Guan Jiantao, Xie Hua. 2022. Identification and expression analysis of AQP gene family members in peach(Prunus persica). Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 30 (7):1303-1313. (in Chinese)
	徐摇光, 张政权, 于洋, 官健涛, 谢华. 2022. 桃AQP基因家族成员的鉴定与表达分析. 农业生物技术学报, 30 (7):1303-1313.
[21]	Yang C, Ma Y M, He Y, Tian Z H, Li J X. 2018. OsOFP19 modulates plant architecture by integrating the cell division pattern and brassinosteroid signaling. The Plant Journal,93:489-501.
[22]	Zhang B, Li Q, Keyhaninejad N, Taitano N, Sapkota M, Snouffer A, Van Der Knaap E. 2023. A combinatorial TRM‐OFP module bilaterally fine‐tunes tomato fruit shape. New Phytologist,238:2393-2409.
[23]	Zhang X, Wu J, Yu Q, Liu R, Wang Z Y, Sun Y. 2020. AtOFPs regulate cell elongation by modulating microtubule orientation via direct interaction with TONNEAU2. Plant Science,292:110405.
[24]	Zhou H, Ma R, Gao L, Zhang J, Zhang A, Zhang X, Ren F, Zhang W, Liao L, Yang Q, Xu S, Otieno Ogutu C, Zhao J, Yu M, Jiang Q, Korban S S, Han Y. 2020. A 1.7‐Mb chromosomal inversion downstream of a PpOFP1 gene is responsible for flat fruit shape in peach. Plant Biotechnology Journal,19:192-205.

基因 Gene	上游引物（5′-3′） Forward primer	下游引物（5′-3′） Reverse primer
PpOFP1	ATGGGTAACCACAAGTTTAG	CTTGGACCTGAGGTCA
PpTRM5	ATGACGACAGGCATGGT	GAACACCAACTTCCTACAAG
PpTRM17	ATGAACGGGATGCAGAT	TGTCCTCACTGTCAAATCAA
PpTRM18	ATGGAATCTGCACCAGGTA	AGAACTCTCCGAGCTAACAAA
PpTRM26	ATGGGAGGAGGCTTATTG	TAACTGCATATCATCCAA
PpTRM19	ATGGAGAAGTTGCGGCCAA	CATAACCACTACCTCTGCTACTAGC
PpTRM13/14/15/33a	ATGGCAAAGAAGTCCCAG	CAAGTTCAAAATGCTATC
PpTRM13/14/15/33b	ATGGCAAAGATGACACC	AAATATGGTTTCCATGATCAG
PpTRM32	ATGGGAAAGCAATTGCAGC	AATACAAATTGCTTCATCTAATAGT
PpTRM16	ATGGGGAAGAATTTGCCAGA	GGAAGGAACCTGATCCATCC
PpTRM6/7/8	ATGGAGGTTGATAAAAAACG	CCAAAATCAGACACCAACTCATC
PpTRM1	ATGTCTGCAAAGATTTTGC	CCAAAGCCCCCTTTC
PpTRM4	ATGGCTGCAAAACTTCTG	TTTAGCAAACAGCTGCCTAC

基因 Gene	上游引物（5′-3′） Forward primer	下游引物（5′-3′） Reverse primer
PpOFP1	ATGGGTAACCACAAGTTTAG	CTTGGACCTGAGGTCA
PpTRM5	ATGACGACAGGCATGGT	GAACACCAACTTCCTACAAG
PpTRM17	ATGAACGGGATGCAGAT	TGTCCTCACTGTCAAATCAA
PpTRM18	ATGGAATCTGCACCAGGTA	AGAACTCTCCGAGCTAACAAA
PpTRM26	ATGGGAGGAGGCTTATTG	TAACTGCATATCATCCAA
PpTRM19	ATGGAGAAGTTGCGGCCAA	CATAACCACTACCTCTGCTACTAGC
PpTRM13/14/15/33a	ATGGCAAAGAAGTCCCAG	CAAGTTCAAAATGCTATC
PpTRM13/14/15/33b	ATGGCAAAGATGACACC	AAATATGGTTTCCATGATCAG
PpTRM32	ATGGGAAAGCAATTGCAGC	AATACAAATTGCTTCATCTAATAGT
PpTRM16	ATGGGGAAGAATTTGCCAGA	GGAAGGAACCTGATCCATCC
PpTRM6/7/8	ATGGAGGTTGATAAAAAACG	CCAAAATCAGACACCAACTCATC
PpTRM1	ATGTCTGCAAAGATTTTGC	CCAAAGCCCCCTTTC
PpTRM4	ATGGCTGCAAAACTTCTG	TTTAGCAAACAGCTGCCTAC

进化分支 Evolutionary branch	基因 Gene	基因登录号 GeneBank No.	氨基酸数 Amino acid number	分子量/kD Molecular weight	等电点 pI	不稳定指数 Instability index	总平均疏水指数 Grand average of hydropathicity
Clade Ⅱ	PpTRM1	Prupe.3G252400	1 063	119.26	9.25	59.78	-0.88
	PpTRM4	Prupe.5G206500	1 082	120.25	9.32	57.44	-0.87
	PpTRM5	Prupe.8G233400	767	86.28	9.31	81.32	-0.80
Clade Ⅲ	PpTRM6/7/8	Prupe.6G315200	903	99.98	7.51	54.76	-0.73
Clade Ⅶ	PpTRM13/14/15/33a	Prupe.2G170700	956	108.55	5.24	54.73	-0.77
	PpTRM13/14/15/33b	Prupe.5G101000	915	103.31	5.50	56.34	-0.74
	PpTRM32	Prupe.6G078200	644	73.02	4.99	48.47	-0.73
	PpTRM16	Prupe.6G254700	904	100.83	5.73	50.10	-0.71
Clade Ⅵ	PpTRM17	Prupe.8G209800	981	108.94	5.74	59.38	-0.77
	PpTRM18	Prupe.2G227000	781	88.20	6.38	50.70	-0.70
	PpTRM19	Prupe.6G247900	970	108.29	6.18	65.72	-0.83
	PpTRM26	Prupe.7G183200	886	100.99	6.59	55.83	-0.84

进化分支 Evolutionary branch	基因 Gene	基因登录号 GeneBank No.	氨基酸数 Amino acid number	分子量/kD Molecular weight	等电点 pI	不稳定指数 Instability index	总平均疏水指数 Grand average of hydropathicity
Clade Ⅱ	PpTRM1	Prupe.3G252400	1 063	119.26	9.25	59.78	-0.88
	PpTRM4	Prupe.5G206500	1 082	120.25	9.32	57.44	-0.87
	PpTRM5	Prupe.8G233400	767	86.28	9.31	81.32	-0.80
Clade Ⅲ	PpTRM6/7/8	Prupe.6G315200	903	99.98	7.51	54.76	-0.73
Clade Ⅶ	PpTRM13/14/15/33a	Prupe.2G170700	956	108.55	5.24	54.73	-0.77
	PpTRM13/14/15/33b	Prupe.5G101000	915	103.31	5.50	56.34	-0.74
	PpTRM32	Prupe.6G078200	644	73.02	4.99	48.47	-0.73
	PpTRM16	Prupe.6G254700	904	100.83	5.73	50.10	-0.71
Clade Ⅵ	PpTRM17	Prupe.8G209800	981	108.94	5.74	59.38	-0.77
	PpTRM18	Prupe.2G227000	781	88.20	6.38	50.70	-0.70
	PpTRM19	Prupe.6G247900	970	108.29	6.18	65.72	-0.83
	PpTRM26	Prupe.7G183200	886	100.99	6.59	55.83	-0.84

Identification of PpTRM Gene Family Members and Screening the Interacting PpTRMs with the Fruit Shape Regulator PpOFP1 in Peach

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 8

References 24

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	ZHAO Jianbo, JIANG Quan, GUO Jiying, ZHANG Yu, LIU Xin, LI Dandan, LI Xinyue, SUN Wei, SONG Yongge, REN Fei. A New Late-Ripening Flat Peach Cultivar‘Ruipan 37’with White Flesh [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S2): 23-24.
[2]	ZHANG He, AN Xiuhong, TAIN Yi, ZHANG Xueying, MA Aihong, LI Jiancheng. A New Mid-Ripening Peach Cultivar‘Xuyao’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 13-14.
[3]	ZHANG He, AN Xiuhong, TAIN Yi, MA Aihong, LI Jiancheng. A New Late-Ripening Peach Cultivar‘Xubai’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 15-16.
[4]	WANG Yingying, WANG Xiaodi, YANG Xingwang, WANG Zhiqiang, LIU Peipei, LIU Chang, LIU Wanchun. A New Cold Resistent Peach Cultivar‘Zhongnong Micui’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 21-22.
[5]	YANG Xingwang, WANG Yingying, SHI Xiangbin, WANG Xiaolong, JI Xiaohao, LIU Wanchun, WANG Xiaodi. A New Mid-Ripening Cold Resistant Peach Cultivar‘Zhongnong Yanghong’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 23-24.
[6]	YANG Xingwang, WANG Yingying, WANG Baoliang, LI Peng, LIU Wanchun, WANG Xiaodi. A New Mid-Ripening Cold Resistant Peach Cultivar‘Zhongnong Feicui’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 25-26.
[7]	ZHAO Jianbo, GUO Jiying, ZHANG Yu, LIU Xin, LI Dandan, LI Xinyue, SUN Wei, JIANG Quan, REN Fei. A New Late-Ripening Flat Peach Cultivar‘Ruipan 30’with White Flesh [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 27-28.
[8]	ZHAO Jianbo, GUO Jiying, ZHANG Yu, LIU Xin, LI Dandan, LI Xinyue, SUN Wei, JIANG Quan, REN Fei. A New Very Late-Ripening Flat Peach Cultivar‘Ruipan 32’with White Flesh [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 29-30.
[9]	ZHANG Ruifen, ZHANG Cuiling, LIU Zhizhou, WANG Zhengxin, LIU Fangxin, YIN Tao, WANG Nannan, JIANG Lin. A New Cultivar of Prunus sogdiana‘Huazhen 1’Used as Peach Rootstock [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(S1): 33-34.
[10]	ZHU Cunlan, FAN Junliang, WANG Kaitong, WEI Meng, YANG Liang, LIU Haotian, SI Huaijun, ZHANG Ning. Function Analysis ofStRGLG1in Regulating Potato to Drought Stress Response [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(9): 2329-2342.
[11]	DU Hao, ZHAO Shilong, XIAO Yuansong, LUO Jingjing, PENG Futian. The Effect of Methionine on the Growth of Peach Tree Shoots and Fruit Quality [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(4): 973-983.
[12]	WANG Rui, WU Hongfei, ZHANG Changyuan, CAO Haishun, TAN Delong, GUO Jinju, WANG Yunlong, WANG Rufang, YUAN Yu, WU Tingquan. CsPUB54 Negatively Regulates Cucumber Resistance to Phytophthora Melonis by Interacting with PmRXLR1 Effector [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(3): 591-602.
[13]	WANG Yunyun, ZHOU Hui, QIU Keli, PAN Haifa, SHENG Yu, SHI Pei, XIE Qingmei, CHEN Hongli, ZHANG Jinyun, LI Dahui. Identification and Expression Analysis of Peach JMJ Histone Demethylase Gene Family [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(3): 575-590.
[14]	LIU Miaomiao, YAO Jin, ZOU Fuyan, CHU Yanyan, and WANG Xiping. Screening and Validation of Interacting Proteins of the Grape Ovule Development Transcription Factor VvDDF2 [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(11): 2846-2860.
[15]	LIU Jianhao, JING Yanfu, LIU Yuexin, XU Yaoguang, YU Yang, GE Xiuxiu, XIE Hua. Identification of Peach NAC Gene Family and Role of PpNAC050 in Promoting Fruit Fructose Accumulation [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(9): 1983-1996.