Response of Bacillus subtilis YX-1 to Aluminum Stress and Its Effects on the Growth of Panax ginseng

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0964

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 2507-2518.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0964

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Response of Bacillus subtilis YX-1 to Aluminum Stress and Its Effects on the Growth of Panax ginseng

LIANG Chijia¹, DING Guanzhong¹, ZHOU Fan¹, MU Peng², ZHANG Yue¹, ZHENG Yidong³, WANG Haitao⁴, WANG Yan¹, LIU Ning¹^,^*()

¹ Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Changchun 130112， China
² Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Changchun 130102， China
³ Liaoyuan Yunxiu Shenye Technology Co.， Ltd.，Liaoyuan， Jilin 136300， China
⁴ Dongfeng State-owned Forest Farm， Liaoyuan， Jilin 136300， China

Received:2024-12-03 Revised:2025-03-27 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-09-24
Contact: LIU Ning

Abstract

Abstract:

A strain of Bacillus subtilis YX-1 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of understory Panax ginseng. The response of strain YX-1 to Al stress，the biofilm formation，extracellular polysaccharide content，the expression of related genes and ginseng root morphology were investigated，which explores the response of strain YX-1 to Al stress and its effects on ginseng growth. The results showed that with the increase of Al concentration，the growth ability of strain YX-1 was significantly inhibited. With the extension of Al treatment time，strain YX-1 gradually formed a biofilm，and the content of extracellular polysaccharides（EPS）also significantly increased. Under Al treatment，the expression levels of epsA，epsB，wzx and wzy in strain YX-1，which were responsible for EPS synthesis and secretion，initially increased and then decreased，with the highest expression observed at 12 h. Compared to Al treatment alone（100 mmol · L^-1），ginseng inoculated Bs and the addition of 100 mmol · L^-1 Al significantly increased the chlorophyll content of leaves，the dry weight of aboveground part and roots increased by 28.33% and 11.65%，respectively. Phosphorus content in leaves and roots increased by 13.89% and 16.24%，respectively，while the Al content in leaves and roots decreased by 32.11% and 11.90%，respectively. This study demonstrates that B. subtilis YX-1 promotes biofilm formation through EPS synthesis and secretion，mitigating Al stress on ginseng growth.

Key words: Panax ginseng, aluminum stress, Bacillus subtilis YX-1, biofilm, exopolysaccharides

LIANG Chijia, DING Guanzhong, ZHOU Fan, MU Peng, ZHANG Yue, ZHENG Yidong, WANG Haitao, WANG Yan, LIU Ning. Response of Bacillus subtilis YX-1 to Aluminum Stress and Its Effects on the Growth of Panax ginseng[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(9): 2507-2518.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 qRT-PCR primer sequence in this study

基因Gene	引物序列（5′-3′）Primer sequence	参考文献Reference
rpsJ	F：GAAACGGCAAAACGTTCTGG R：GTGTTGGGTTCACAATGCG	Jordan et al.,2006
epsA	F：GCTGAGATTGCGAACACGTT R：GACCATATTTCGCAGCCTGG	Belda et al.,2013
epsB	F：CCGGCAGAACTGTTGTCTTC R：TTCCGCTTAAAACGACGAGC	Belda et al.,2013
wzx	F：CCGCAAGGAGGTGT R：ATGATGAGCGACTGG	Johnson et al.,2015
wzy	F：TCCCACTCCGACTC R：CCAATGCCAATGAA	Johnson et al.,2015

Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree（A）of Bacillus subtilis YX-1 and comparsion on Al tolerance（B） The number on the branch point represents the confidence value. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the treatments（P < 0.05）.The same below

Fig. 2 Fluorescent imaging of Bacillus subtilis YX-1 biofilm formation at different time points under Al stress

Fig. 3 The EPS content of Bacillus subtilis YX-1 at different time points under Al stress * P < 0.05

Fig. 4 Effects of Al stress on the expression of biofilm-related genes in Bacillus subtilis YX-1 ns indicates no significant difference，* P < 0.05，** P < 0.01

Fig. 5 Effects of Al stress on Panax ginseng phenotype with or without Bacillus subtilis YX-1

Fig. 6 Effects of Al stress on Panax ginseng growth with or without Bacillus subtilis YX-1

Table 2 Effects of Al stress on the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil of Panax ginseng with or without Bacillus subtilis YX-1

处理 Treatment	土壤pH Soil pH	土壤有机质含量/（g • kg^-1） Soil organic matter content	速效磷含量/（g • kg^-1） Available P content	活性铝含量/（mg • kg^-1） Active Al content
H₂O（对照 Control）	5.27 ± 0.06 b	1.26 ± 0.02 a	10.76 ± 2.52 ab	477.74 ± 4.98 c
Bs	5.50 ± 0.06 a	1.31 ± 0.02 a	14.75 ± 1.61 a	446.10 ± 8.64 d
100 mmol · L^-1Al	4.48 ± 0.03 d	1.26 ± 0.02 a	8.34 ± 1.70 b	719.68 ± 16.60 a
Bs + 100 mmol · L^-1Al	4.91 ± 0.03 c	1.26 ± 0.03 a	9.16 ± 1.71 b	675.05 ± 16.58 b

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Response of Bacillus subtilis YX-1 to Aluminum Stress and Its Effects on the Growth of Panax ginseng

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