紫花含笑不同开花时期花被片的挥发性成分分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0176

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为分析紫花含笑不同开花时期花被片挥发性成分，确定其主要花挥发性物质，以花蕾期、初花期和盛花期的花被片为试验材料，采用HS-SPME-GC-Orbitrap-HRMS法对其挥发性成分进行检测。从紫花含笑花被片中共鉴定出641种挥发物，共14类化合物，以萜类和酯类物质为主；盛花期花被片挥发物种类最多（434种），初花期次之（392种），花蕾期最少（352种），各时期分别检测到特有挥发物96、80和118 种，特别是在盛花期，检测到了3种特有生物碱类：四氢东非马钱碱、托品酮和毛果芸香碱；盛花期花被片挥发物总含量最高（668.993 μg · kg^-1），初花期次之（628.111 μg · kg^-1），花蕾期最低（522.590 μg · kg^-1）；含量较高（> 13.000 μg · kg^-1）的主要挥发物有α-愈创木烯、大根香叶烯B、顺-衣兰油-4(15), 5-二烯、β-石竹烯、双环倍半水芹烯、顺式-β-罗勒烯、β-律草烯、双环大根香叶烯、γ-依兰油烯和α-古巴烯；香气强度（Odor activity value，OAV）分析表明：紫花含笑花被片特征香气成分包括苯甲酸甲酯和α-蒎烯，修饰性香气成分包括顺式-β-罗勒烯、β-石竹烯、芳樟醇和橙花叔醇，使其香气特征呈香草型、花香型和木香型；低香气阈值的 β-紫罗兰酮使初花期花被片较花蕾期呈明显花香型；乙酸苄酯是盛花期花被片特有挥发物，使其呈浓甜香型。主成分分析结果表明：紫花含笑花被片香气特征不是被高含量挥发物主导，而是被多种挥发物相互作用且相互影响。综上表明，紫花含笑花被片的挥发性成分组成丰富，但不同花期间存在一定差异；挥发性成分的种类、含量和香气阈值的差异影响了不同花期花被片的香气特征，使其呈现出多样的花香。

关键词: 紫花含笑, 花挥发物质, GC-Orbitrap-HRMS, 萜类, 特征香气

Abstract:

The volatile components of Michelia crassipes tepals at the flower bud stage，the first-open stage and fully-bloom stage were analyzed using by HS-SPME-GC-Orbitrap-HRMS. A total of 641 volatiles，which could be further classified into 14 groups（mainly terpenes and esters），were identified. Among them，434 volatiles were found in the tepals at the fully-bloom stage，392 volatiles at the first-open stage，and 352 volatiles at the flower bud stage. Also 96，80 and 118 unique volatiles were detected in each stage. At the fully-bloom stage，3 unique alkaloids were detected and they were tetrahydrologanine，tropinone and pilocarpine. The total amount of volatile compounds at fully-open stage was the highest of 668.993 μg · kg^-1，followed by the first-open stage at 628.111 μg ·kg^-1，and the lowest at the bud stage of 522.590 μg · kg^-1. α-guaiene，germacrene B，cis-muurola-4(15), 5-diene，β-caryophyllene，bicyclosesqui- phellandrene，cis-β-ocimene，β-humulene，bicyclogermacrene，γ-muurolene and α-copaene were the major volatiles（content over 13.000 µg · kg^-1）. The analysis of OAV concluded that the characteristic aroma components of M. crassipes tepals included methyl benzoate and α-pinene and the modified aroma components included cis-β-ocimene，β-caryophyllene，linalool and nerolidol. Herbal，floral and woody odor types were the main aroma characteristics. Β-ionone with a low aroma threshold made the tepals in the first-open stage much more floral odor type than that in the bud stage. Benzyl acetate was an unique volatile compound of tepals in fully-open stage，which contributed its strong sweet odor type. The results of principal component analysis indicated that the aroma characteristics of tepals of M. crassipes were not dominated by high-content volatiles，but by the interaction and mutual influence of multiple volatiles. In conclusion，the composition of volatile components in the tepals of M. crassipes is rich，but there are certain differences in different flowering stages. The differences in the types，contents and aroma thresholds of volatile components affected the aroma characteristics of tepals at different flowering stages，making them exhibit diverse fragrance.

Key words: Michelia crassipes, flower volatile substances, GC-Orbitrap-HRMS, terpenes, characteristic aroma components

中图分类号:

S685

袁婕俐, 金晓玲, 张峥, 肖玉洁, 余秋岫, 胡筱璇. 紫花含笑不同开花时期花被片的挥发性成分分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(5): 1095-1109.

YUAN Jieli, JIN Xiaoling, ZHANG Zheng, XIAO Yujie, YU Qiuxiu, HU Xiaoxuan. Volatility Components of Michelia crassipes Tepals at Different Flowering Stages[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(5): 1095-1109.

图/表 8

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挥发性成分种类 Compound kinds	含量/（µg · kg^-1） Content
挥发性成分种类 Compound kinds	花蕾期 Bud	初花期 First-open	盛花期 Fully-open
萜类 Terpenes	453.736 ± 22.460 b	547.593 ± 27.079 a	580.355 ± 28.696 a
酯类 Esters	35.219 ± 1.786 b	40.064 ± 2.035 b	50.718 ± 2.553 a
酮类 Ketones	2.767 ± 0.184 a	2.796 ± 0.198 a	2.891 ± 0.198 a
烷烃类 Alkanes	2.964 ± 0.180 a	2.369 ± 0.163 b	2.062 ± 0.146 b
醇类 Alcohols	5.258 ± 0.282 b	8.627 ± 0.456 a	9.474 ± 0.498 a
芳香族类 Aromatics	3.359 ± 0.193 c	5.514 ± 0.292 b	8.275 ± 0.436 a
烯烃类 Olefins	4.100 ± 0.227 c	5.810 ± 0.300 b	8.126 ± 0.413 a
醛类 Aldehydes	1.072 ± 0.069 c	1.651 ± 0.096 a	1.294 ± 0.096 b
杂环类 Heterocyclics	1.028 ± 0.057 b	1.218 ± 0.071 a	1.188 ± 0.086 a
酸类 Acids	0.355 ± 0.021 a	0.329 ± 0.030 ab	0.308 ± 0.024 b
酚类 Phenols	0.153 ± 0.011 b	0.038 ± 0.014 c	1.161 ± 0.076 a
炔类 Alkynes	12.550 ± 0.623 a	12.019 ± 0.601 a	0.188 ± 0.013 b
醚类 Ethers	0.029 ± 0.005 b	0.083 ± 0.005 a	0.037 ± 0.010 b
生物碱类 Alkaloids	—	—	2.916 ± 0.004 a
总计 Total	522.590 ± 26.098 b	628.111 ± 31.340 a	668.993 ± 33.388 a

挥发性成分种类 Compound kinds	含量/（µg · kg^-1） Content
挥发性成分种类 Compound kinds	花蕾期 Bud	初花期 First-open	盛花期 Fully-open
萜类 Terpenes	453.736 ± 22.460 b	547.593 ± 27.079 a	580.355 ± 28.696 a
酯类 Esters	35.219 ± 1.786 b	40.064 ± 2.035 b	50.718 ± 2.553 a
酮类 Ketones	2.767 ± 0.184 a	2.796 ± 0.198 a	2.891 ± 0.198 a
烷烃类 Alkanes	2.964 ± 0.180 a	2.369 ± 0.163 b	2.062 ± 0.146 b
醇类 Alcohols	5.258 ± 0.282 b	8.627 ± 0.456 a	9.474 ± 0.498 a
芳香族类 Aromatics	3.359 ± 0.193 c	5.514 ± 0.292 b	8.275 ± 0.436 a
烯烃类 Olefins	4.100 ± 0.227 c	5.810 ± 0.300 b	8.126 ± 0.413 a
醛类 Aldehydes	1.072 ± 0.069 c	1.651 ± 0.096 a	1.294 ± 0.096 b
杂环类 Heterocyclics	1.028 ± 0.057 b	1.218 ± 0.071 a	1.188 ± 0.086 a
酸类 Acids	0.355 ± 0.021 a	0.329 ± 0.030 ab	0.308 ± 0.024 b
酚类 Phenols	0.153 ± 0.011 b	0.038 ± 0.014 c	1.161 ± 0.076 a
炔类 Alkynes	12.550 ± 0.623 a	12.019 ± 0.601 a	0.188 ± 0.013 b
醚类 Ethers	0.029 ± 0.005 b	0.083 ± 0.005 a	0.037 ± 0.010 b
生物碱类 Alkaloids	—	—	2.916 ± 0.004 a
总计 Total	522.590 ± 26.098 b	628.111 ± 31.340 a	668.993 ± 33.388 a

挥发性成分种类 Compound kinds	共有含量/（µg · kg^-1） Shared content
挥发性成分种类 Compound kinds	花蕾期 Bud	初花期 First-open	盛花期 Fully-open
萜类 Terpenes	447.324 ± 22.135 b	504.793 ± 24.952 ab	526.411 ± 26.024 a
酯类 Esters	33.564 ± 1.677 a	28.865 ± 1.450 b	33.588 ± 1.675 a
酮类 Ketones	0.637 ± 0.055 b	0.683 ± 0.070 ab	0.764 ± 0.070 a
烷烃类 Alkanes	0.416 ± 0.035 a	0.422 ± 0.040 a	0.432 ± 0.046 a
醇类 Alcohols	4.681 ± 0.243 c	7.071 ± 0.358 a	5.912 ± 0.304 b
芳香族类 Aromatics	0.863 ± 0.070 b	1.099 ± 0.062 a	1.186 ± 0.076 a
烯烃类 Olefins	3.234 ± 0.162 a	3.482 ± 0.178 a	2.787 ± 0.141 b
醛类 Aldehydes	0.277 ± 0.018 b	0.403 ± 0.023 a	0.393 ± 0.025 a
杂环类 Heterocyclics	0.505 ± 0.029 a	0.475 ± 0.027 ab	0.456 ± 0.034 b
酸类 Acids	0.205 ± 0.013 b	0.300 ± 0.020 a	0.279 ± 0.020 a
酚类 Phenols	0.004 ± 0.001 a	0.008 ± 0.002 a	0.006 ± 0.003 a
炔类 Alkynes	0.082 ± 0.005 c	0.144 ± 0.009 a	0.130 ± 0.008 b
醚类 Ethers	—	—	—
生物碱类 Alkaloids	—	—	—
总计 Total	491.795 ± 24.443 b	547.744 ± 27.191 ab	572.344 ± 28.426 a

挥发性成分种类 Compound kinds	共有含量/（µg · kg^-1） Shared content
挥发性成分种类 Compound kinds	花蕾期 Bud	初花期 First-open	盛花期 Fully-open
萜类 Terpenes	447.324 ± 22.135 b	504.793 ± 24.952 ab	526.411 ± 26.024 a
酯类 Esters	33.564 ± 1.677 a	28.865 ± 1.450 b	33.588 ± 1.675 a
酮类 Ketones	0.637 ± 0.055 b	0.683 ± 0.070 ab	0.764 ± 0.070 a
烷烃类 Alkanes	0.416 ± 0.035 a	0.422 ± 0.040 a	0.432 ± 0.046 a
醇类 Alcohols	4.681 ± 0.243 c	7.071 ± 0.358 a	5.912 ± 0.304 b
芳香族类 Aromatics	0.863 ± 0.070 b	1.099 ± 0.062 a	1.186 ± 0.076 a
烯烃类 Olefins	3.234 ± 0.162 a	3.482 ± 0.178 a	2.787 ± 0.141 b
醛类 Aldehydes	0.277 ± 0.018 b	0.403 ± 0.023 a	0.393 ± 0.025 a
杂环类 Heterocyclics	0.505 ± 0.029 a	0.475 ± 0.027 ab	0.456 ± 0.034 b
酸类 Acids	0.205 ± 0.013 b	0.300 ± 0.020 a	0.279 ± 0.020 a
酚类 Phenols	0.004 ± 0.001 a	0.008 ± 0.002 a	0.006 ± 0.003 a
炔类 Alkynes	0.082 ± 0.005 c	0.144 ± 0.009 a	0.130 ± 0.008 b
醚类 Ethers	—	—	—
生物碱类 Alkaloids	—	—	—
总计 Total	491.795 ± 24.443 b	547.744 ± 27.191 ab	572.344 ± 28.426 a

化合物 Compound	香气阈值/ （μg · kg^-1） Odor threshold	香气类型/香味特征 Aroma type/Aroma characteristics	香气强度值（OAV） Aroma intensity value
化合物 Compound	香气阈值/ （μg · kg^-1） Odor threshold	香气类型/香味特征 Aroma type/Aroma characteristics	花蕾期 Bud	初花期 First-open	盛花期 Fully-open
苯甲酸甲酯 Methyl benzoate	0.520	香草型/甜香味 Herbal/sweet-like	2.146	1.596	1.699
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	6.000	香草型/松节油味 Herbal/turpentine-like	1.444	1.521	1.640
β-紫罗兰酮 β-Ionone	0.100	花香型/鸢尾香味 Floral/orris-like	—	1.202	1.286
顺式-β-罗勒烯 cis -β-Ocimene	34.000	花香型/旱金莲花香Floral/nasturtium-like	0.601	0.644	0.692
乙酸苄酯 Benzyl acetate	2.000	甜香型/茉莉香 Sweet/jasmin-like	—	—	0.657
顺-4,5-环氧-(E)-2-癸烯醛 cis-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-decenal	0.070	—/—	0.452	—	—
β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene	64.000	木香型/胡椒味 Wood/peppery-like	0.411	0.445	0.479
芳樟醇 Linalool	6.000	花香型/玫瑰香味 Floral/rose-like	0.398	0.422	0.346
β-芹子烯 β-Selinene	1.000	香草型/— Herbal/—	—	0.249	0.338
3-甲基戊酸乙酯 Ethyl 3-methyl valerate	0.008	果香型/菠萝味 Fruity/Pineapple-like	0.290	—	0.157
橙花叔醇 Nerolidol	15.000	花香型/柑橘味 Floral/citrus-like	0.188	0.208	0.186
丁醛 Butanal	2.000	刺激型/可可味 Pungent/cocoa-like	—	0.146	—
乙苯 Ethylbenzene	2.400	—/—	—	0.117	—
2-甲基丁基乙酸酯 2-Methyl butyl acetate	5.000	果香型/香蕉味 Fruit/banana-like	—	—	0.096
苯乙烯 Styrene	3.600	甜香型/香膏味 Sweet/ balsamic-like	0.075	0.085	0.034
异丁醛 Isobutyraldehyde	1.000	清香型/麦芽味 Fresh/malty-like	0.071	—	—
α-水芹烯 α-Phellandrene	40.000	萜烯型/天兰葵味Terpene/geranium-like	0.064	0.064	0.056
α-石竹烯 α-Caryophyllene	160.000	木香型/浓丁香味Wood/spicy-clove-like	0.055	0.059	0.064
D-柠檬烯 D-Limonene	10.000	甜香型/橙味 Sweet/orange-like	0.050	0.061	0.067
乙酸冰片酯 Bornyl acetate	75.000	木香型/樟脑味 Wood/camphoreous-like	—	0.090	0.044
萘 Naphthalene	6.000	刺激型/树脂味 Pungent/resinous-like	0.043	—	—
2-戊基呋喃 Furan, 2-pentyl-	6.000	青香型/蔬菜味 Green/vegetable-like	0.039	0.043	0.053
反式-β-罗勒烯 trans-β-Ocimene	34.000	花香型/旱金莲花香Floral/nasturtium-like	0.034	0.034	0.028
(Z)-石竹烯 (Z)-Caryophyllene	64.000	甜香型/胡椒味 Sweet/peppery-like	—	—	0.024
苯乙醛 Phenyl acetaldehyde	4.000	甜香型/蜂蜜味 Sweet/honey-like	0.020	0.019	0.013
己醛 Hexanal	20.000	青香型/蔬菜味 Green/vegetative-like	0.007	—	—
丙酸叔丁酯 Tert-butyl propionate	43.000	—/—	0.006	—	0.005
异戊醇 Isoamylalcohol	4.000	酒香型/威士忌味 Alcoholic/whiskey-like	0.003	—	0.016
(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛 2,4-Heptadienal, (E,E)-	15.400	油香型/坚果味 Fatty/nut-like	0.003	0.005	0.007
异丁酸丙酯 Propyl isobutyrate	0.430	甜香型/甜瓜味 Sweet/melon-like	—	—	0.004
2-正丁基呋喃 2-n-Butyl furan	5.000	辛香型/葡萄酒味 Spicy/wine-like	0.002	0.002	0.004
庚醛 Heptanal	2.800	清香型/香菜味 Fresh/cilantro-like	—	0.003	—
苯乙醇 Phenylethyl alcohol	1 000.000	花香型/玫瑰香味 Floral/rose-like	0.002	0.003	0.002
乙酸芳樟酯 Linalyl acetate	1 000.000	花香型/薰衣草香味 Floral /lavender-like	0.002	0.002	0.002
己酸乙酯 Ethyl hexanoate	1.000	甜香型/菠萝味 Sweet/pineapple-like	—	0.002	—
α-松油烯 α-Terpinene	85.000	木香型/茶香味 Wood/terpy-like	—	0.002	0.002
丙苯 Phenylpropane	177.120	—/—	—	—	0.002
丁香酚 Eugenol	6.000	甜香型/丁香味 Sweet/clove-like	—	—	0.002
异丁醇 Isobutyl alcohol	550.000	酒香型/葡萄酒味 Alcoholic/winey-like	—	0.001	0.002
十一酮 2-Undecanone	41.000	果香型/奶酪味 Fruit/cheese-like	0.001	0.001	0.001
1-甲基萘 Naphthalene, 1-methyl-	8.000	萘基型/樟脑味 Naphthyl camphor-like	0.001	0.001	0.001
水杨酸戊酯 Amyl salicylate	2.900	香草型/三叶草香味 Herbal/clover-like	0.001	—	0.001
戊酸乙酯 Ethyl Valerate	5.000	甜香型/草莓味 Sweet/strawberry-like	0.000	—	0.001
异丁酸戊酯 Amyl isobutyrate	43.000	果香型/苹果味 Fruity/apple-like	0.000	0.001	0.000