番茄果实耐穿刺力的基因定位

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0124

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

果实硬度是重要的品质性状，果实耐穿刺力和耐压力是评价硬度的重要依据。利用质构仪测定果实硬度，发现加工番茄‘TS292’与普通大果番茄‘TS12’在果实耐压力方面无显著差异，但TS292的果实表现出更强的耐穿刺力。通过组织学和代谢组学分析发现，红熟时期TS292的果皮角质层更厚，且角质和蜡质含量更高，这可能是其耐穿刺性增强的关键因素。为了克隆调控果实耐穿刺力硬度的关键基因，以TS12和TS292为亲本构建的重组自交系为定位群体，利用混池重测序技术挖掘到4个调控果实耐穿刺力的QTL。其中，位于7号染色体的主效位点QTL-qFIS3的表型贡献率高达30.12%。进一步遗传分析，定位区间缩小到了295 kb区间内。

关键词: 番茄, 果实硬度, 耐穿刺力, 角质, 蜡质

Abstract:

Fruit firmness is an important quality trait that directly affects the fruit cracking and storability. Skin toughness and compression resistance are key indicators for evaluating fruit firmness. In this study，we found that although processing tomato TS292 and large-fruited tomato TS12 showed no significant difference in compression resistance. However，TS292 fruits exhibited significantly enhanced skin toughness. Histological and metabolomic analyses demonstrated that TS292 possesses a thicker cuticle layer with elevated cutin and wax content in the red fruit pericarp，potentially constituting the primary determinant of its superior skin toughness. To clone key genes regulating fruit skin toughness，we established a recombinant inbred line（RIL）population derived from TS12 × TS292 crosses as a mapping population. Four QTLs control the skin toughness were identified by using Bulked Segregant Analysis（BSA）method. Among these，a major QTL located at the chromosome 7，contributed 30.12% variation of fruit skin toughness. Further genetic analysis narrowed the QTL-FIS3 into a 295 kb region including 16 genes.

Key words: tomato, fruit firmness, skin toughness, cutin, wax

亓钰洁, 赵世祺, 孙帅, 王海敬, 崔霞, 李仁. 番茄果实耐穿刺力的基因定位[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(12): 3219-3228.

QI Yujie, ZHAO Shiqi, SUN Shuai, WANG Haijing, CUI Xia, LI Ren. Mapping of Genes Regulating Tomato Fruit Skin Toughness[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(12): 3219-3228.

图/表 8

参考文献 22

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分子标记 Marker	物理位置/bp Position on SL2.5	引物序列（3′-5′） Primer sequence
M1	59 530 615	GTGAGGAAGATGGTGTGTACTTGGTG
M1	59 530 615	GACGAATATGTGAAAATAGTGATTTC
M2	59 991 416	GACGGAGGAAGTAATTAATG
M2	59 991 416	CGGTGGTGGTAGTGGTGAAACG
M3	60 031 030	GTTCAAATATACTCCTC
M3	60 031 030	GTAGCTTCTATGCTCCTCT
M4	60 309 325	GATAAGAGTCTCAAATTTCTATTGCG
M4	60 309 325	GTTTTTCTTATAGGGCAAGTATGATC
M5	60 326 153	CAAAGGAAGTGAAGCAACTAAGTCA
M5	60 326 153	GGAGATAGCCAACCGCATATGCAAC
M6	60 920 438	GTGGATTTGTCGGCACTGTTGATGG
M6	60 920 438	GAGAATGAAGTATAGTACTTACACTT
M7	61 340 455	CAGTGATAGACGTGAATTCGAAATAGCCG
M7	61 340 455	TGCGACATTGAGATCTGACTATTTCAGAATTC

分子标记 Marker	物理位置/bp Position on SL2.5	引物序列（3′-5′） Primer sequence
M1	59 530 615	GTGAGGAAGATGGTGTGTACTTGGTG
M1	59 530 615	GACGAATATGTGAAAATAGTGATTTC
M2	59 991 416	GACGGAGGAAGTAATTAATG
M2	59 991 416	CGGTGGTGGTAGTGGTGAAACG
M3	60 031 030	GTTCAAATATACTCCTC
M3	60 031 030	GTAGCTTCTATGCTCCTCT
M4	60 309 325	GATAAGAGTCTCAAATTTCTATTGCG
M4	60 309 325	GTTTTTCTTATAGGGCAAGTATGATC
M5	60 326 153	CAAAGGAAGTGAAGCAACTAAGTCA
M5	60 326 153	GGAGATAGCCAACCGCATATGCAAC
M6	60 920 438	GTGGATTTGTCGGCACTGTTGATGG
M6	60 920 438	GAGAATGAAGTATAGTACTTACACTT
M7	61 340 455	CAGTGATAGACGTGAATTCGAAATAGCCG
M7	61 340 455	TGCGACATTGAGATCTGACTATTTCAGAATTC

成分 Ingredient	绿熟果实 Mature green fruit		红熟果实 Red fruit
成分 Ingredient	TS292	TS12	TS292	TS12
十六烷 Hexadecane	3.08 ± 0.28 a	3.09 ± 0.73 a	3.41 ± 0.79 a	3.07 ± 0.08 a
9-十八烯酰胺 9-Octadecylamide	4.86 ± 1.75 ab	3.64 ± 0.09 ab	2.35 ± 1.95 b	6.53 ± 1.87 a
16-羟基十六烷 16-OH hexadecanoic	26.17 ± 2.22 a	26.23 ± 6.07 a	21.04 ± 10.23 a	25.99 ± 1.75 a
十六烷二酸 Hexadecanedioic acid	4.84 ± 0.95 b	2.09 ± 0.87 c	6.92 ± 0.41 a	4.45 ± 0.14 b
十六碳-7-烯酸 Hexadec-7-enoate	3.80 ± 1.88 ab	5.17 ± 1.23 a	2.83 ± 0.06 ab	2.45 ± 0.12 b
7-甲基-Z-十四烯-1-醇 7-Methyl-Z-tetradene-1-ol	3.60 ± 0.38 a	4.02 ± 0.74 a	2.84 ± 1.18 a	2.76 ± 0.26 a
10-羟基十六烷酸 10-OH hexadecanoic	324.13 ± 39.36 b	305.78 ± 17.68 b	481.46 ± 68.36 a	325.07 ± 73.82 b
9,10-二羟基十八烷酸 9,10-DiOH octadecanoic	22.04 ± 0.57 a	21.56 ± 2.00 a	39.25 ± 1.02 b	30.33 ± 0.29 b
(Z)-十八碳-9-烯酸（Z）-9-Octadecenoic acid	14.10 ± 3.86 b	10.05 ± 3.20 b	43.24 ± 18.88 a	18.07 ± 1.06 b
11-环戊基十一酸 11-Cyclopentylundecanoic	30.87 ± 1.26 bc	21.02 ± 2.11 c	46.47 ± 0.61 a	42.64 ± 3.10 ab
Z,Z,Z-4,6,9-十九碳三烯 Z,Z,Z-4,6,9-Nonadecatriene	3.41 ± 0.12 b	3.34 ± 0.52 b	5.46 ± 0.30 a	4.87 ± 0.47 a
9,12-二羟基十八烷酸 9,12-DiOH octadecanoic	3.30 ± 0.27 b	3.37 ± 0.60 b	5.32 ± 0.19 a	4.55 ± 0.43 a
顺式-3-辛基环氧辛酸 cis-3-Octyl epoxycapic acid	3.96 ± 0.64 bc	3.21 ± 0.07 c	5.91 ± 0.10 a	4.64 ± 0.35 b
合计 Total	448.17	412.56	666.51	475.4

成分 Ingredient	绿熟果实 Mature green fruit		红熟果实 Red fruit
成分 Ingredient	TS292	TS12	TS292	TS12
十六烷 Hexadecane	3.08 ± 0.28 a	3.09 ± 0.73 a	3.41 ± 0.79 a	3.07 ± 0.08 a
9-十八烯酰胺 9-Octadecylamide	4.86 ± 1.75 ab	3.64 ± 0.09 ab	2.35 ± 1.95 b	6.53 ± 1.87 a
16-羟基十六烷 16-OH hexadecanoic	26.17 ± 2.22 a	26.23 ± 6.07 a	21.04 ± 10.23 a	25.99 ± 1.75 a
十六烷二酸 Hexadecanedioic acid	4.84 ± 0.95 b	2.09 ± 0.87 c	6.92 ± 0.41 a	4.45 ± 0.14 b
十六碳-7-烯酸 Hexadec-7-enoate	3.80 ± 1.88 ab	5.17 ± 1.23 a	2.83 ± 0.06 ab	2.45 ± 0.12 b
7-甲基-Z-十四烯-1-醇 7-Methyl-Z-tetradene-1-ol	3.60 ± 0.38 a	4.02 ± 0.74 a	2.84 ± 1.18 a	2.76 ± 0.26 a
10-羟基十六烷酸 10-OH hexadecanoic	324.13 ± 39.36 b	305.78 ± 17.68 b	481.46 ± 68.36 a	325.07 ± 73.82 b
9,10-二羟基十八烷酸 9,10-DiOH octadecanoic	22.04 ± 0.57 a	21.56 ± 2.00 a	39.25 ± 1.02 b	30.33 ± 0.29 b
(Z)-十八碳-9-烯酸（Z）-9-Octadecenoic acid	14.10 ± 3.86 b	10.05 ± 3.20 b	43.24 ± 18.88 a	18.07 ± 1.06 b
11-环戊基十一酸 11-Cyclopentylundecanoic	30.87 ± 1.26 bc	21.02 ± 2.11 c	46.47 ± 0.61 a	42.64 ± 3.10 ab
Z,Z,Z-4,6,9-十九碳三烯 Z,Z,Z-4,6,9-Nonadecatriene	3.41 ± 0.12 b	3.34 ± 0.52 b	5.46 ± 0.30 a	4.87 ± 0.47 a
9,12-二羟基十八烷酸 9,12-DiOH octadecanoic	3.30 ± 0.27 b	3.37 ± 0.60 b	5.32 ± 0.19 a	4.55 ± 0.43 a
顺式-3-辛基环氧辛酸 cis-3-Octyl epoxycapic acid	3.96 ± 0.64 bc	3.21 ± 0.07 c	5.91 ± 0.10 a	4.64 ± 0.35 b
合计 Total	448.17	412.56	666.51	475.4

染色体Chromosome	物理位置/bp Postion on SL2.50	SNP指数 ΔSNP-index	表型变异贡献率/% PVE	长度/bp length
SL2.50ch07	59 991 671 ~ 60 990 579	0.501089	30.12	998 908
SL2.50ch09	9 731 112 ~ 9 957 832	0.58164	17.03	226 720
SL2.50ch09	32 049 034 ~ 32 184 175	0.53399	17.02	135 141
SL2.50ch09	47 052 310 ~ 47 360 989	0.456416	13.15	308 679
SL2.50ch09	55 337 072 ~ 57 388 709	0.604067	1.99	2 051 637