低温胁迫下亚精胺对菜豆幼苗PSⅡ功能及叶绿素代谢关键基因表达的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0102

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探讨了在温周期12 ℃/8 ℃下，喷施1.0 mmol · L^-1 外源亚精胺（Spd）及其抑制剂甲基乙二醛双脒基腙（MGBG），对菜豆幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）功能、叶绿素降解与合成酶活性及相关基因表达量的影响。结果表明：低温胁迫抑制菜豆幼苗生长；叶绿素含量、PSⅡ最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、光化学淬灭系数（q_P）、电子传递速率（ETR）和实际光化学效率（Φ_PSII）均较对照显著降低（P < 0.05）；而非光化学猝灭系数（q_N）显著升高(P < 0.05)。低温胁迫下叶绿素荧光动力学曲线（OJIP）发生显著变化，I相和P相荧光强度下降，单位面积热耗散（DIo/CSm）和反应中心能量耗散（DIo/RC）显著升高。低温处理（T2）喷施Spd，上述变化趋势发生逆转，且光能吸收（ABS/CSm）、转换（TRo/CSm）和电子传递（ETo/CSm）显著增加。Spd诱导叶绿素降解关键基因PvCLH1（叶绿素酶1）/PvCLH2（叶绿素酶2）和PvRCCR1（红色叶绿素代谢产物还原酶1）下调，叶绿素酶（CLH）活性降低；叶绿素合成关键基因PvPOR1（原脱植基叶绿素还原酶1）/PvPOR2（原脱植基叶绿素还原酶2）相对表达量显著上调(P < 0.05)，叶绿素酸酶活性升高。上述结果说明，外源Spd通过上调叶绿素合成相关基因的表达，增加叶绿素含量，促进PSⅡ对光能的吸收和利用，从而缓解低温胁迫对菜豆幼苗光合作用的抑制。

关键词: 菜豆, 低温胁迫, 叶绿素代谢, 亚精胺, PSⅡ, 叶绿素荧光动力学曲线（OJIP）

Abstract:

In this study，the effects of 1.0 mmol · L^-1 exogenous spermidine（Spd）and methylglyoxal diamidine hydrazone（MGBG）on the growth，chlorophyll content，photosystemⅡ（PSⅡ）function，chlorophyll degradation and synthase activity and related gene expression of common bean seedlings under low temperature stress were investigated at 12 ℃/8 ℃. The results indicated that compared with the control，low-temperature stress inhibited the growth of seedlings；chlorophyll content maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（F_v/F_m），photochemical quenching coefficient（q_P），electron transport rate（ETR）and actual photochemical efficiency（Φ_PSII）were all significantly reduced（P < 0.05）；while non-photochemical quenching coefficient（q_N）significantly increased（P < 0.05）. Under low-temperature stress，the chlorophyll fluorescence induction（OJIP）curve showed significant alterations：the fluorescence intensities at the J- and P-steps were reduced，while the heat dissipation per unit cross-section（DIo/CSm）and energy dissipation per reaction center（DIo/RC）were markedly elevated. Under low temperatures（T2），the application of Spd reversed the aforementioned trends，with significant increases in light energy absorption（ABS/CSm），conversion（TRo/CSm），and electron transport（ETo/CSm）. Spd-induced downregulation of key chlorophyll degradation genes PvCLH1（chlorophyllase 1）/PvCLH2 （chlorophyllase 2）and PvRCCR1（red chlorophyll metabolite reductase 1）resulted in decreased chlorophyllase（CLH）activity；Key chlorophyll synthesis genes PvPOR1（proto-deplastidic chlorophyll reductase 1）/PvPOR2（proto-deplastidic chlorophyll reductase 2）showed significantly increased relative expression（P < 0.05），with elevated chlorophyll acidase activity. The results indicate that exogenous Spd alleviates the suppression of photosynthesis in common bean seedlings under low-temperature stress by upregulating the expression of chlorophyll synthesis-related genes，increasing chlorophyll content，and enhancing the absorption and utilization of light energy by PSⅡ.

Key words: common bean, low temperature stress, chlorophyll metabolism, spermidine, PSⅡ, chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics curve（OJIP）

曹金萍, 杨文欢, 刘秀娟, 王玉萍. 低温胁迫下亚精胺对菜豆幼苗PSⅡ功能及叶绿素代谢关键基因表达的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(3): 697-708.

CAO Jinping, YANG Wenhuan, LIU Xiujuan, WANG Yuping. Effects of Spermidine on PSⅡ Function and Expression of Key Genes of Chlorophyll Metabolism in Common Bean Seedlings Under Low Temperature Stress[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(3): 697-708.

图/表 9

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基因 Gene	正向引物序列（5′-3′） Forward Primer	反向引物序列（5′-3′） Reverse Primer
Actin	GAAGTTCTCTTCCAACCATCC	TTTCCTTGCTCATTCTGTCCG
PvCLH1	CCACTCTGACATGCTAGATGATGATAC	TGACTCCTCCAACAAACCTCCTC
PvCLH2	ATTGTCATTGCTCCTCAGTTGTACA	AGACTCACATGCATGTCTCTAATGG
PvRCCR1	ATGATCCGCAGTAGTCCAACAATG	GAGTGTCCAATTCAGTGTCCTCATAG
PvPOR1	TCTCCAGCAGTCACCAAGTCTAC	CTCAGCCAAAGCCTTAGCAGTG
PvPOR2	GGTCTTTCATTGTCAGAACCTAGCA	GTCCTAGATGGTTTGTTCCAACACT

基因 Gene	正向引物序列（5′-3′） Forward Primer	反向引物序列（5′-3′） Reverse Primer
Actin	GAAGTTCTCTTCCAACCATCC	TTTCCTTGCTCATTCTGTCCG
PvCLH1	CCACTCTGACATGCTAGATGATGATAC	TGACTCCTCCAACAAACCTCCTC
PvCLH2	ATTGTCATTGCTCCTCAGTTGTACA	AGACTCACATGCATGTCTCTAATGG
PvRCCR1	ATGATCCGCAGTAGTCCAACAATG	GAGTGTCCAATTCAGTGTCCTCATAG
PvPOR1	TCTCCAGCAGTCACCAAGTCTAC	CTCAGCCAAAGCCTTAGCAGTG
PvPOR2	GGTCTTTCATTGTCAGAACCTAGCA	GTCCTAGATGGTTTGTTCCAACACT

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a/（mg· g^-1 FW） Chlorophyll a	叶绿素b/（mg · g^-1FW） Chlorophyll b	叶绿素（a + b）/（mg · g^-1FW） Chlorophyll（a + b）	叶绿素a/b Chlorophyll a/b
对照 Control	2.02 ± 0.05 b	0.61 ± 0.03 b	2.63 ± 0.04 b	1.75 ± 0.04 e
T1	2.66 ± 0.06 a	0.71 ± 0.04 a	3.37 ± 0.05 a	1.22 ± 0.03 f
T2	0.67 ± 0.03 e	0.38 ± 0.02 d	1.05 ± 0.02 e	3.29 ± 0.07 b
T3	1.60 ± 0.04 c	0.53 ± 0.03 c	2.13 ± 0.03 c	2.73 ± 0.05 d
T4	0.35 ± 0.02 f	0.29 ± 0.01 e	0.64 ± 0.02 f	3.72 ± 0.09 a
T5	1.10 ± 0.03 d	0.40 ± 0.02 d	1.51 ± 0.03 d	3.05 ± 0.06 c

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a/（mg· g^-1 FW） Chlorophyll a	叶绿素b/（mg · g^-1FW） Chlorophyll b	叶绿素（a + b）/（mg · g^-1FW） Chlorophyll（a + b）	叶绿素a/b Chlorophyll a/b
对照 Control	2.02 ± 0.05 b	0.61 ± 0.03 b	2.63 ± 0.04 b	1.75 ± 0.04 e
T1	2.66 ± 0.06 a	0.71 ± 0.04 a	3.37 ± 0.05 a	1.22 ± 0.03 f
T2	0.67 ± 0.03 e	0.38 ± 0.02 d	1.05 ± 0.02 e	3.29 ± 0.07 b
T3	1.60 ± 0.04 c	0.53 ± 0.03 c	2.13 ± 0.03 c	2.73 ± 0.05 d
T4	0.35 ± 0.02 f	0.29 ± 0.01 e	0.64 ± 0.02 f	3.72 ± 0.09 a
T5	1.10 ± 0.03 d	0.40 ± 0.02 d	1.51 ± 0.03 d	3.05 ± 0.06 c

处理 Treatment	天线吸收的光能用于电子传递的效率 ψEo	I点相对可变荧光强度 V_i	J点相对可变荧光强度 V_j	Q_A还原速率 dV/dto	以吸收光能为基础的性能指数 PI_ABS
对照 Control	0.406 ± 0.018 a	0.490 ± 0.006 d	0.443 ± 0.007 d	1.060 ± 0.025 f	1.467 ± 0.026 a
T1	0.379 ± 0.008 b	0.553 ± 0.022 c	0.467 ± 0.023 cd	1.140 ± 0.015 e	1.363 ± 0.015 b
T2	0.302 ± 0.006 d	0.883 ± 0.012 a	0.533 ± 0.015 b	1.357 ± 0.012 b	0.410 ± 0.015 d
T3	0.348 ± 0.003 c	0.680 ± 0.020 b	0.493 ± 0.009 bc	1.217 ± 0.012 d	1.330 ± 0.021 b
T4	0.242 ± 0.006 e	0.907 ± 0.003 a	0.643 ± 0.022 a	1.513 ± 0.018 a	0.313 ± 0.019 e
T5	0.309 ± 0.002 d	0.727 ± 0.038 b	0.523 ± 0.009 b	1.277 ± 0.018 c	1.273 ± 0.009 c