花椰菜不同胞质来源雄性不育的细胞质效应分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0756

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用不育胞质源自油菜、甘蓝等的6个花椰菜细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS）系及其同型保持系分别与5个测验自交系杂交,配制30对不育系杂种（AF₁）和30对保持系杂种（BF₁）,分析不育细胞质对10个农艺性状和5个品质性状的遗传效应,为不同CMS的杂种优势利用提供参考。结果表明,不育细胞质对F₁杂种的现球期、采收期和维生素C含量表现显著正效应。不同来源CMS细胞质效应比较推断,来自油菜的CMS对生育期和叶片数呈显著正效应;来自甘蓝的CMS对花球质量、花球纵径、维生素C含量和采收期呈显著正效应,而对叶绿素含量和叶片数呈显著负效应;来自花椰菜的CMS对生育期和维生素C含量呈显著正效应。对6个花椰菜CMS细胞质效应比较发现,NB65A对花球质量、花球纵径、花球横径和可溶性糖含量正效应显著最高,XG108A对维生素C及可溶性蛋白含量正效应显著最高,两者皆可作为选育高产优质组合的母本。这些结果表明,不同来源的CMS细胞质对花椰菜主要农艺性状和品质性状的效应较为复杂,但可通过选择适当的杂交父本核来减轻或克服不育细胞质对相应性状的不良效应。

关键词: 花椰菜, CMS, 细胞质效应, 杂种优势利用

Abstract:

For investigating the cytoplasmic effects of cytoplasmic male sterility（CMS）on major agronomic and quality characters of cauliflower hybrids,six cauliflower sterile lines（A lines）with different cytoplasm from rape and cabbage,etc,and their maintainer lines（B lines）were used to make hybrids of A lines × test lines（AF ₁）and B lines × test lines（BF ₁）. The effects were indicated by AF₁-BF₁ or （AF₁-BF₁）/BF₁（relative effect）. The results showed that significant positive effects were observed on days of curd appearing,days of curd harvesting,and vitamin C content. Comparison of cytoplasmic effects of different CMS sources,the rape cytoplasm had significant positive effects on growth period and number of rosette leaves. The cabbage cytoplasm showed significant positive effects on curd weight,lengthways diameter of curd,vitamin C content and days of curd harvesting,but a significant negative effect on chlorophyll content and number of rosette leaves. The cauliflower cytoplasm presented significant positive effects on growth period and vitamin C content. Comparison of cytoplasmic effects of the six cauliflower CMS lines which showed that NB65A had the highest positive effect on curd weight,lengthways diameter of curd,transverse diameter of curd and soluble sugar content,XG108A had the highest positive effect on cotent of vitamin C and soluble protein. Both of them could be used as the female parent for breeding high yield or high quality combinations. These results indicated that the cytoplasmic of different CMS sources of cauliflower showed complex effects on major agronomic and quality characters,and the adverse effects on some characters could be alleviated or overcome by nucleus of a appropriate male parent.

Key words: cauliflower, CMS, cytoplasmic effect, heterosis utilization

中图分类号:

S635.3

朱世杨, 张小玲, 刘庆, 钟伟杰, 罗天宽, 唐征, 徐谦, 周元昌. 花椰菜不同胞质来源雄性不育的细胞质效应分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(6): 1107-1122.

ZHU Shiyang, ZHANG Xiaoling, LIU Qing, ZHONG Weijie, LUO Tiankuan, TANG Zheng, XU Qian, ZHOU Yuanchang. Cytoplasmic Effect Analysis of Different CMS Sources of Cauliflower[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(6): 1107-1122.

图/表 11

参考文献 42

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不育系CMS	CMS及其保持系的选育经过Breeding process of CMS and their maintainer
GM65A	以不育油菜材料（来源不详）为母本,花椰菜自交系GM65-1（‘高美65天'自交选择育成）为父本,通过远缘杂交、回交核置换7代育成;GM65-1连续套袋自交育成保持系GM65B The sterile line GM65A was bred by distant crossing and backcrossing by 7 generations with sterile rape material（unknown）and cauliflower inbred line GM65-1（selfbred from‘Gaomei 65 d'）. The maintainer GM65B was bred by self pollination of GM65-1 with continuous bagging
NB65A	以不育甘蓝材料（浙江省农业科学院钟新民提供）为母本,花椰菜自交系NB65-1（‘农宝65天'自交选择育成）为父本,远缘杂交、回交核置换6代育成;NB65-1连续套袋自交育成保持系NB65B The sterile line NB65A was bred by distant crossing and backcrossing by 6 generations with sterile cabbage material（provided by Zhong Xinmin of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences）and cauliflower inbred line NB65-1（selfbred from ‘Nongbao 65 d'）. The maintainer NB65B was bred by self pollination of NB65-1 with continuous bagging
SH120A	以不育花椰菜‘魁首65天'（产地智利）为母本,花椰菜自交系SH120-1（‘松花120天'自交选择育成）为父本,杂交、回交核置换7代育成;SH120-1连续套袋自交育成保持系SH120B The sterile line SH120A was bred by crossing and backcrossing by 7 generations with sterile cauliflower material‘Kuishou 65 d'（Chile）and cauliflower inbred line SH120-1（selfbred from‘Songhua 120 d'）. The maintainer SH120B was bred by self pollination of SH120-1 with continuous bagging
YDSL60A	以不育油菜材料（来源不详）为母本,花椰菜自交系YDSL60-1（‘一代神良60天'自交选择育成）为父本,远缘杂交、回交核置换9代育成;YDSL60-1连续套袋自交育成保持系YDSL60B The sterile line YDSL60A was bred by distant crossing and backcrossing by 9 generations with sterile rape material（unknown）and cauliflower inbred line YDSL60-1（selfbred from‘Yidai Shenliang 60 d'）. The maintainer YDSL60B was bred by self pollination of YDSL60-1 with continuous bagging
XG108A	以不育花椰菜‘瑞宝70'（产地日本）为母本,花椰菜自交系XG108-1（‘雪冠108天'自交选择育成）为父本,杂交、回交核置换7代育成;XG108-1连续套袋自交育成保持系XG108B The sterile line XG108A was bred by crossing and backcrossing by 7 generations with sterile cauliflower material‘Ruibao 70'（Japan）and cauliflower inbred line XG108-1（selfbred from‘Xueguan 108 d'）. The maintainer XG108B was bred by self pollination of XG108-1 with continuous bagging
TDXG100A	以不育花椰菜‘雪莲1号'（产地荷兰）为母本,花椰菜自交系TDXG100-1（‘特大雪冠100天'自交选择育成）为父本,杂交、回交核置换8代育成;TDXG100-1连续套袋自交育成保持系TDXG100B The sterile line TDXG100A was bred by crossing and backcrossing by 8 generations with sterile cauliflower material‘Xuelian 1'（Netherlands）and cauliflower inbred line TDXG100-1（selfbred from‘Teda Xueguan1 00 d'）. The maintainer TDXG100B was bred by self pollination of TDXG100-1 with continuous bagging

不育系CMS	CMS及其保持系的选育经过Breeding process of CMS and their maintainer
GM65A	以不育油菜材料（来源不详）为母本,花椰菜自交系GM65-1（‘高美65天'自交选择育成）为父本,通过远缘杂交、回交核置换7代育成;GM65-1连续套袋自交育成保持系GM65B The sterile line GM65A was bred by distant crossing and backcrossing by 7 generations with sterile rape material（unknown）and cauliflower inbred line GM65-1（selfbred from‘Gaomei 65 d'）. The maintainer GM65B was bred by self pollination of GM65-1 with continuous bagging
NB65A	以不育甘蓝材料（浙江省农业科学院钟新民提供）为母本,花椰菜自交系NB65-1（‘农宝65天'自交选择育成）为父本,远缘杂交、回交核置换6代育成;NB65-1连续套袋自交育成保持系NB65B The sterile line NB65A was bred by distant crossing and backcrossing by 6 generations with sterile cabbage material（provided by Zhong Xinmin of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences）and cauliflower inbred line NB65-1（selfbred from ‘Nongbao 65 d'）. The maintainer NB65B was bred by self pollination of NB65-1 with continuous bagging
SH120A	以不育花椰菜‘魁首65天'（产地智利）为母本,花椰菜自交系SH120-1（‘松花120天'自交选择育成）为父本,杂交、回交核置换7代育成;SH120-1连续套袋自交育成保持系SH120B The sterile line SH120A was bred by crossing and backcrossing by 7 generations with sterile cauliflower material‘Kuishou 65 d'（Chile）and cauliflower inbred line SH120-1（selfbred from‘Songhua 120 d'）. The maintainer SH120B was bred by self pollination of SH120-1 with continuous bagging
YDSL60A	以不育油菜材料（来源不详）为母本,花椰菜自交系YDSL60-1（‘一代神良60天'自交选择育成）为父本,远缘杂交、回交核置换9代育成;YDSL60-1连续套袋自交育成保持系YDSL60B The sterile line YDSL60A was bred by distant crossing and backcrossing by 9 generations with sterile rape material（unknown）and cauliflower inbred line YDSL60-1（selfbred from‘Yidai Shenliang 60 d'）. The maintainer YDSL60B was bred by self pollination of YDSL60-1 with continuous bagging
XG108A	以不育花椰菜‘瑞宝70'（产地日本）为母本,花椰菜自交系XG108-1（‘雪冠108天'自交选择育成）为父本,杂交、回交核置换7代育成;XG108-1连续套袋自交育成保持系XG108B The sterile line XG108A was bred by crossing and backcrossing by 7 generations with sterile cauliflower material‘Ruibao 70'（Japan）and cauliflower inbred line XG108-1（selfbred from‘Xueguan 108 d'）. The maintainer XG108B was bred by self pollination of XG108-1 with continuous bagging
TDXG100A	以不育花椰菜‘雪莲1号'（产地荷兰）为母本,花椰菜自交系TDXG100-1（‘特大雪冠100天'自交选择育成）为父本,杂交、回交核置换8代育成;TDXG100-1连续套袋自交育成保持系TDXG100B The sterile line TDXG100A was bred by crossing and backcrossing by 8 generations with sterile cauliflower material‘Xuelian 1'（Netherlands）and cauliflower inbred line TDXG100-1（selfbred from‘Teda Xueguan1 00 d'）. The maintainer TDXG100B was bred by self pollination of TDXG100-1 with continuous bagging

测验自交系 Test line	原始品种 Original variety	来源地 Origin
SM80	松美80天 Songmei 80 d	福建 Fujian
ZH80	漳花80天 Zhanghua 80 d	福建 Fujian
R4	Rui 4	浙江 Zhejiang
SLTD60	神龙特大60天 Shenlong Teda 60 d	中国香港 Hongkong,China
R111	Rui11-1	浙江 Zhejiang

测验自交系 Test line	原始品种 Original variety	来源地 Origin
SM80	松美80天 Songmei 80 d	福建 Fujian
ZH80	漳花80天 Zhanghua 80 d	福建 Fujian
R4	Rui 4	浙江 Zhejiang
SLTD60	神龙特大60天 Shenlong Teda 60 d	中国香港 Hongkong,China
R111	Rui11-1	浙江 Zhejiang

性状 Character	不育系 CMS
性状 Character	GM65A	NB65A	SH120A	YDSL60A	XG108A	TDXG100A
现球期/d Days to curd appearing	44.50	54.00	77.75	43.00	68.50	69.25
采收期/d Days to curd harvesting	67.25	78.00	110.25	67.50	99.50	95.75
株高/cm Plant height	77.58	63.55	70.80	44.25	54.48	64.93
株幅/cm Plant breadth	99.50	92.03	111.40	72.55	82.18	94.93
叶长/cm Length of leaf	74.30	63.40	75.79	47.68	56.93	66.44
叶宽/cm Width of leaf	29.58	25.85	31.53	25.23	31.90	32.40
叶片数 Number of rosette leaves	22.65	24.10	23.05	20.75	23.25	24.20
花球质量/g Curd weight	570.70	583.20	817.55	541.15	919.70	571.75
花球横径/cm Transverse diameter of curd	17.95	17.51	20.24	15.64	18.93	17.42
花球纵径/cm Lengthways diameter of curd	11.19	12.94	12.48	9.97	11.88	11.74
叶绿素/（mg · kg ^-1）Chlorophyll	4.26	12.33	6.46	4.70	4.38	16.97
类胡萝卜素/（mg · kg ^-1 Carotenoid	1.05	2.44	0.72	1.17	0.65	2.81
可溶性蛋白/（g · kg ^-1）Soluble protein	19.70	15.40	7.70	13.40	8.90	25.50
可溶性糖/（μmol · g^-1）Soluble sugar	21.08	23.41	29.23	19.53	13.98	30.19
维生素C/（μg · g^-1）Vitamin C	161.71	378.73	292.27	250.77	475.20	344.25
性状 Character	测验自交系 Test line
性状 Character	SM80	ZH80	R4	SLTD60	R111
现球期/d Days to curd appearing	70.75	63.50	65.50	47.75	60.75
采收期/d Days to curd harvesting	90.75	91.50	96.50	72.75	79.50
株高/cm Plant height	60.85	57.80	42.63	45.85	56.55
株幅/cm Plant breadth	93.00	101.63	64.98	67.58	77.68
叶长/cm Length of leaf	59.78	64.45	53.75	51.75	55.18
叶宽/cm Width of leaf	24.90	25.83	28.73	31.35	23.68
叶片数Number of rosette leaves	28.95	30.15	24.25	21.10	30.55
花球质量/g Curd weight	376.75	556.45	767.05	533.75	186.45
花球横径/cm Transverse diameter of curd	16.44	18.74	16.88	14.22	14.36
花球纵径/cm Lengthways diameter of curd	10.04	10.69	9.96	8.67	8.65
叶绿素/（mg · kg ^-1）Chlorophyll	33.99	23.74	5.42	2.50	24.48
类胡萝卜素/ mg · kg ^-1）Carotenoid	4.72	2.73	0.67	0.70	3.85
可溶性蛋白/（g · kg ^-1）Soluble protein	12.10	17.80	14.00	20.50	17.20
可溶性糖/（μmol · g^-1）Soluble sugar	32.96	31.59	19.15	23.61	27.36
维生素C/（μg · g^-1）Vitamin C	223.54	331.76	274.87	490.73	459.08