滇山茶品种的花部表型特征分析与分类探讨

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0521

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了进一步优化现有的品种分类方法，本文对滇山茶（Camellia reticulata）的主栽品种进行花部形态的多样性、相关性、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明：9个形态指标中，变异系数和多样性指数（H）较高的为雄蕊形态（筒状、束状或瓣化）、雄蕊数、花瓣颜色和花瓣数。雄蕊数与花瓣数呈显著负相关，而雄蕊形态赋值则与花瓣数显著正相关。第一主成分是以雄蕊形态为代表的综合性状（贡献率46.88%），第二主成分为花色（贡献率27.55%），第三主成分为花瓣长宽比（贡献率25.57%）。100个品种被聚为3类：第Ⅰ类有26个品种，其雄蕊基部连合成筒状；第Ⅱ类49个，其雄蕊基部分离成束状；第Ⅲ类25个，雄蕊全部瓣化，或少而不成束。在上述结果的基础上，拟定了基于雄蕊形态的滇山茶品种分类新方法：筒蕊滇山茶品种群、束蕊滇山茶品种群和瓣蕊滇山茶品种群。三个品种群除观赏之外，筒蕊品种群还是优良的油用种质。

关键词: 滇山茶, 花部性状, 品种分类, 品种群, 聚类分析

Abstract:

In this paper，the diversity analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis，and cluster analysis were conducted by flower morphological characters of the main Camellia reticulata cultivars，so as to further optimize the current cultivar classification method. The results indicated that among the nine morphological characters，the highest coefficient of variation and diversity index H were stamen morphology（tubular，fascicular，or petaloid），followed by the stamen number，petal color and petal number. The number of stamens was significantly negative-correlated with the number of petals，while the assignment of stamen morphology was significantly positive-correlated with the number of petals. The first principal components was the comprehensive character represented by stamen number（contribution rate of 46.88%），followed by the petal color（27.55%），and the petal length/width（25.57%）. A total of 100 C. reticulata cultivars were clustered into three clades. The cladeⅠhad 26 cultivars，whose stamen bases were tubular. The cladeⅡincluded 49 cultivars，with fascicular stamen bases. The clade Ⅲ involved 25 cultivars，which had petaloid stamens or few stamens but did not appear as bundles. Based on the above results，a new classification method for the C. reticulata cultivars by using stamen morphology was proposed，namely（1）tubular stamen cultivar group of C. reticulata，（2）fascicular stamen cultivar group of C. reticulata，and（3）petaloid stamen cultivar group of C. reticulata. Apart from their ornamental purpose，the tubular stamen cultivar group is also an excellent germplasm for oil use.

Key words: Camellia reticulata, flower character, cultivar classification, cultivar group, cluster analysis

徐晓丹, 郑伟, 张乐, 李玉琦, 王艳青, 王仲朗, 陈龙清. 滇山茶品种的花部表型特征分析与分类探讨[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(6): 1530-1538.

XU Xiaodan, ZHENG Wei, ZHANG Le, LI Yuqi, WANG Yanqing, WANG Zhonglang, and CHEN Longqing. Flower Phenotype Analysis and Classification of Camellia reticulata Cultivars[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(6): 1530-1538.

图/表 6

参考文献 19

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序号No.	品种名Cultivar	序号No.	品种名Cultivar	序号No.	品种名Cultivar
1	荷花仙子 Hehua Xianzi	35	早桃红 Zaotaohong	69	大理蝶翅 Dali Diechi
2	艳红芙蓉 Yanhong Furong	36	艳红霞 Yanhongxia	70	小叶牡丹 Xiaoye Mudan
3	麻叶松子壳 Maye Songzike	37	麻叶银红 Maye Yinhong	71	牡丹魁 Mudankui
4	艳红松子壳 Yanhong Songzike	38	云华茶 Yunhuacha	72	玉洁 Yujie
5	桂叶通草 Guiye Tongcao	39	满邑 Manyi	73	碧玉 Biyu
6	云南鹤顶红 Yunnan Hedinghong	40	大玛瑙 Damanao	74	俏玉兰 Qiaoyulan
7	松子壳 Songzike	41	朱红白点Zhuhong Baidian	75	粉玉 Fenyu
8	五角绣球 Wujiao Xiuqiu	42	金蕊蝶翅 Jinrui Diechi	76	小玉兰 Xiaoyulan
9	情人节 Qingrenjie	43	狮子头 Shizitou	77	玉兰茶 Yulancha
10	菊瓣 Juban	44	花叶宝珠 Huaye Baozhu	78	红碗茶 Hongwancha
11	粉通草 Fentongcao	45	紫溪 Zixi	79	虞美人 Yumeiren
12	童子面 Tongzimian	46	楚蝶 Chudie	80	紫溪山 Zixishan
13	紫灵 Ziling	47	西林 Xilin	81	金心大红 Jinxin Dahong
14	大红袍 Dahongpao	48	赛桃红 Saitaohong	82	卵叶银红 Luanye Yinhong
15	南松子 Nansongzi	49	仙叶茶 Xianyecha	83	喜迎春 Xiyingchun
16	色奔 Seben	50	玉带红 Yudaihong	84	二乔 Erqiao
17	麻叶通草 Maye Tongcao	51	大银红 Dayinhong	85	皎荷 Jiaohe
18	玫红桂叶 Meihong Guiye	52	大红茶 Dahongcha	86	漫舞 Manwu
19	妍荷 Yanhe	53	丹顶鹤 Dandinghe	87	卵叶漫舞 Luanye Manwu
20	相国茶 Xiangguocha	54	小银红 Xiaoyinhong	88	红莲 Honglian
21	鹿城春 Luchengchun	55	蒲门茶 Pumencha	89	金粉妍 Jinfenyan
22	松子鳞 Songzilin	56	红五心 Hongwuxin	90	独心大红茶 Duxin Dahongcha
23	恨天高 Hentiangao	57	东林 Donglin	91	小娇娇 Xiaojiaojiao
24	云针 Yunzhen	58	昭庆 Zhaoqing	92	赛童颜 Saitongyan
25	凤山茶 Fengshancha	59	佛座莲 Fozuolian	93	丹晶 Danjing
26	嫣红 Yanhong	60	粉天娇 Fentianjiao	94	柳叶银红 Liuye Yinhong
27	艳通草 Yantongcao	61	牡丹茶 Mudancha	95	晶晶 Jingjing
28	麻叶桃红 Maye Taohong	62	黑大红 Heidahong	96	红花油茶 Honghua Youcha
29	粉红蝶翅 Fenhong Diechi	63	靖安茶 Jing’ancha	97	连蕊 Lianrui
30	粉朝云 Fenzhaoyun	64	雪娇 Xuejiao	98	金蕊芙蓉 Jinrui Furong
31	桃红袍 Taohongpao	65	平瓣大理茶 Pingban Dalicha	99	滇池红梅 Dianchi Hongmei
32	归霞 Guixia	66	大理茶 Dalicha	100	玉狮子 Yushizi
33	团叶蝶翅 Tuanye Diechi	67	晚春红 Wanchunhong
34	赛牡丹 Saimudan	68	卷瓣牡丹 Juanban Mudan

序号No.	品种名Cultivar	序号No.	品种名Cultivar	序号No.	品种名Cultivar
1	荷花仙子 Hehua Xianzi	35	早桃红 Zaotaohong	69	大理蝶翅 Dali Diechi
2	艳红芙蓉 Yanhong Furong	36	艳红霞 Yanhongxia	70	小叶牡丹 Xiaoye Mudan
3	麻叶松子壳 Maye Songzike	37	麻叶银红 Maye Yinhong	71	牡丹魁 Mudankui
4	艳红松子壳 Yanhong Songzike	38	云华茶 Yunhuacha	72	玉洁 Yujie
5	桂叶通草 Guiye Tongcao	39	满邑 Manyi	73	碧玉 Biyu
6	云南鹤顶红 Yunnan Hedinghong	40	大玛瑙 Damanao	74	俏玉兰 Qiaoyulan
7	松子壳 Songzike	41	朱红白点Zhuhong Baidian	75	粉玉 Fenyu
8	五角绣球 Wujiao Xiuqiu	42	金蕊蝶翅 Jinrui Diechi	76	小玉兰 Xiaoyulan
9	情人节 Qingrenjie	43	狮子头 Shizitou	77	玉兰茶 Yulancha
10	菊瓣 Juban	44	花叶宝珠 Huaye Baozhu	78	红碗茶 Hongwancha
11	粉通草 Fentongcao	45	紫溪 Zixi	79	虞美人 Yumeiren
12	童子面 Tongzimian	46	楚蝶 Chudie	80	紫溪山 Zixishan
13	紫灵 Ziling	47	西林 Xilin	81	金心大红 Jinxin Dahong
14	大红袍 Dahongpao	48	赛桃红 Saitaohong	82	卵叶银红 Luanye Yinhong
15	南松子 Nansongzi	49	仙叶茶 Xianyecha	83	喜迎春 Xiyingchun
16	色奔 Seben	50	玉带红 Yudaihong	84	二乔 Erqiao
17	麻叶通草 Maye Tongcao	51	大银红 Dayinhong	85	皎荷 Jiaohe
18	玫红桂叶 Meihong Guiye	52	大红茶 Dahongcha	86	漫舞 Manwu
19	妍荷 Yanhe	53	丹顶鹤 Dandinghe	87	卵叶漫舞 Luanye Manwu
20	相国茶 Xiangguocha	54	小银红 Xiaoyinhong	88	红莲 Honglian
21	鹿城春 Luchengchun	55	蒲门茶 Pumencha	89	金粉妍 Jinfenyan
22	松子鳞 Songzilin	56	红五心 Hongwuxin	90	独心大红茶 Duxin Dahongcha
23	恨天高 Hentiangao	57	东林 Donglin	91	小娇娇 Xiaojiaojiao
24	云针 Yunzhen	58	昭庆 Zhaoqing	92	赛童颜 Saitongyan
25	凤山茶 Fengshancha	59	佛座莲 Fozuolian	93	丹晶 Danjing
26	嫣红 Yanhong	60	粉天娇 Fentianjiao	94	柳叶银红 Liuye Yinhong
27	艳通草 Yantongcao	61	牡丹茶 Mudancha	95	晶晶 Jingjing
28	麻叶桃红 Maye Taohong	62	黑大红 Heidahong	96	红花油茶 Honghua Youcha
29	粉红蝶翅 Fenhong Diechi	63	靖安茶 Jing’ancha	97	连蕊 Lianrui
30	粉朝云 Fenzhaoyun	64	雪娇 Xuejiao	98	金蕊芙蓉 Jinrui Furong
31	桃红袍 Taohongpao	65	平瓣大理茶 Pingban Dalicha	99	滇池红梅 Dianchi Hongmei
32	归霞 Guixia	66	大理茶 Dalicha	100	玉狮子 Yushizi
33	团叶蝶翅 Tuanye Diechi	67	晚春红 Wanchunhong
34	赛牡丹 Saimudan	68	卷瓣牡丹 Juanban Mudan

性状Traits	最小值Min	最大值Max	均值Average	标准差S	变异系数/% CV	多样性指数H
苞片数 Number of sepals	4.00	17.00	9.90	2.47	0.25	0.90
苞片长宽比 Sepal aspect ratio	0.64	1.78	1.04	0.23	0.22	0.82
花瓣数 Number of petals	6.00	80.00	21.30	11.40	0.54	1.22
花瓣长宽比 Petal aspect ratio	0.60	2.40	1.29	0.33	0.26	0.65
雄蕊数 Number of stamens	0	212.00	64.81	51.31	0.79	1.68
雄蕊长/cm Stamens length	0	4.87	2.83	1.12	0.40	0.92
雌蕊数 Number of gynoecium	0	6.00	3.20	1.48	0.46	0.68
雄蕊形态 Stamens shape	1.00	3.00	2.12	1.01	0.90	1.28
花瓣颜色 Petal color	1.00	4.00	2.27	0.92	0.72	1.23

性状Traits	最小值Min	最大值Max	均值Average	标准差S	变异系数/% CV	多样性指数H
苞片数 Number of sepals	4.00	17.00	9.90	2.47	0.25	0.90
苞片长宽比 Sepal aspect ratio	0.64	1.78	1.04	0.23	0.22	0.82
花瓣数 Number of petals	6.00	80.00	21.30	11.40	0.54	1.22
花瓣长宽比 Petal aspect ratio	0.60	2.40	1.29	0.33	0.26	0.65
雄蕊数 Number of stamens	0	212.00	64.81	51.31	0.79	1.68
雄蕊长/cm Stamens length	0	4.87	2.83	1.12	0.40	0.92
雌蕊数 Number of gynoecium	0	6.00	3.20	1.48	0.46	0.68
雄蕊形态 Stamens shape	1.00	3.00	2.12	1.01	0.90	1.28
花瓣颜色 Petal color	1.00	4.00	2.27	0.92	0.72	1.23

性状Traits	花瓣颜色 Petal color	苞片数 Number of sepals	苞片长宽比Sepal aspect ratio	花瓣数 Number of petals	花瓣长宽比Petal aspect ratio	雄蕊数 Number of stamens	雄蕊长/cm Stamens length	雄蕊形态 Stamens shape
花瓣颜色 Petal color
苞片数 Number of sepals	0.10
苞片长宽比 Sepal aspect ratio	0.09	-0.01
花瓣数 Number of petals	-0.09	0.06	0.16
花瓣长宽比 Petal aspect ratio	-0.03	-0.12	0.20^*	-0.09
雄蕊数 Number of stamens	0.07	-0.08	-0.15	-0.61^**	0.11
雄蕊长/cm Stamens length	-0.04	0.14	0.08	-0.40^**	-0.11	0.55^**
雄蕊形态 Stamens shape	-0.05	-0.02	-0.12	0.33^**	-0.08	-0.42^**	-0.40^**
雌蕊数 Number of gynoecium	-0.09	-0.12	0.04	-0.03	0.07	0.15	0.09	0.09