Fruit Trees

• Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Photosynthesis Rate in Malus hupehensis Seedlings Under Water Stress
• CAO Hui;;WANG Xiao-wei;ZOU Yan-mei;and SHU Huai-rui;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 613-620.
• Abstract ( 2201 ) HTML ( 1672 ) PDF (294KB) ( 1672 ) 　　　
• The effects of exogenous NO on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthesis rate in Malus hupehensis（Pamp.）Rehd. seedlings were studied in simulating drought condition of nutrient solution cultivation containing 20% polyethylene glycol 6000（PEG6000）and sodium nitroprusside（SNP）. The results showed that the Fo significantly increased，however，the Fv/Fm，qP，ETR，Yield,chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis rate all markedly decreased when the seedlings treated with PEG6000. Meanwhile，the qN increased within 3 days and then drastically decreased. On the other hand，the increase of Fo and the decrease of Fv/Fm，qP，ETR，Yield，chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis rate were all observed when the seedlings treated with 100700 μmol · L1 SNP. The results also indicated that exogenous nitric oxide with different treatments all had alleviated effects on Malus hupehensis（Pamp.）Rehd. seedlings and the alleviation function in the treatments was 300 μmol · L-1 SNP > 500 μmol · L-1 SNP > 100 μmol · L-1 SNP > 700 μmol · L-1 SNP. Moreover，there were remarkably alleviated effects with treatments from 300 μmol · L-1 SNP to 500 μmol · L-1 SNP，in which 300 μmol · L-1 SNP showed the best effect. 　　
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• Characteristics of Enzyme Activities in Apple Orchard Soil in Weibei Arid Region
• TAN Xiang-ping;HE Wen-xiang;;YANG Jing;KONG Long;WANG Xu-dong;and HAO Ming-de
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 621-630.
• Abstract ( 1851 ) HTML ( 1323 ) PDF (256KB) ( 1323 ) 　　　
• This study investigated invertase，urease，phosphatase，catalase，dehydrogenase at different soil layers in apple orchard at Weibei arid region，and the relationship between soil enzyme activities and fertility by no-buffer method. A total enzyme activity index（TEI）was established. The results showed that the activities of invertase，urease，phosphatase and dehydrogenase had significant spatial variations and greatly decreased with increasing soil depth；And positively correlated with soil chemical properties significantly except soil catalase and thus can be used to indicate soil fertility. By analyzing the biochemical activities and chemical properties of soil using principal component analysis（PCA），the composite scores of the soil fertility information system with chemical properties and enzyme activities as principal components and TEI had remarkably significant positive correlation with soil chemical properties，TEI is better. These correlations happened similarly at different soil layers. This study indicated that TEI was a better index as an indicator for apple orchard soil fertility than many individual enzymes at Weibei arid region.
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• Causes of Seedless Forming of Nanfeng Tangerine
• YU Yang;WANG Wei;YANG Xiao-ling;;ZENG Zhi-fu;LI Yue-jin;LI Shan;and ZHU Yun-guo
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 631-636.
• Abstract ( 1767 ) HTML ( 1596 ) PDF (810KB) ( 1596 ) 　　　
• Nanfeng tangerine[Citrus reticulata Blanco var. Kinokuni（Tanaka）H. H. Hu] was used for studying its seedless forming causes based on the observation of pollen fertility，embryo sac development，and embryonic development. The results showed that the pollen fertility of Nanfeng tangerine belongs to the medium fertility pattern. The mature embryo sac of the Nanfeng tangerine was normal. Most of zygotic embryo stopped growing and began to abortion at 4 weeks after pollination. Some plump seed endosperm began to collapse when the embryo developped into heart-shaped embryo at 8 weeks after pollination，and formed empty-seed and degenerated seeds with funiculi could be observed until 16 weeks after pollination. Another plump seeds developed into normal seeds or plump seeds which filled with endosperm but abnormal embryo. All seeds of Xiaoguo Nanfeng and Zaoshu Nanfeng and most seeds of Daguo Nanfeng were degradated in mature fruit. It is hence proved that embryo degeneration is responsible for the seedless of Nanfeng tangerine.
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• Transcriptional Analysis of Sugar Metabolism-related Genes During Strawberry Fruit Development
• CHAI Ye-mao;JIA Hai-feng;LI Chun-li;QIN Ling;and SHEN Yuan-yue
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 637-643.
• Abstract ( 2809 ) HTML ( 2395 ) PDF (301KB) ( 2395 ) 　　　
• To analyze the relationship of sugar accumulation with sugar-related gene expression during strawberry fruit development，receptacle of‘Fugilia’strawberry（Fragaria × ananassa Duch.）was used and real-time RT-PCR primers were designed to analyze both changes of the mRNA expression of four sugar accumulation-related genes and soluble sugar contents，respectively. The main results showed that sucrose，glucose and fructose contents increased continually during fruit development，in particular sucrose accumulation was closely related to fruit ripening. The mRNA expression level of sucrose phosphate synthase（SPS）gene increased gradually during fruit development，and a rapid increase occurred in later developmental stages；The mRNA expression level of sucrose synthase（SS）and acid invertase（AI）decreased continually in addition to white or turning stages；The mRNA expression level of sucrose transporter（SUT1）displayed increased firstly，and then declined，finally increased again，in particular increased rapidly before white period. Combinational analysis of the changes of soluble sugars content and gene expression demonstrated that sucrose carrier and sucrose phosphate synthase play an important role in regulation of strawberry fruit ripening.
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• Numerical Classification of the Loquat Germplasm
• CHEN Xiu-ping;HUANG Ai-ping;JIANG Ji-mou;ZHENG Shao-quan;;DENG Chao-jun;WEI Xiu-qing;HU Wen-shun;and JIANG Fan;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 644-656.
• Abstract ( 1899 ) HTML ( 1456 ) PDF (368KB) ( 1456 ) 　　　
• Divisions of 199 loquat [Eriobotrya japonica（Thunb.）Lindl.] genetic resources and 86 germplasm characters were investigated in the resources of Fuzhou National Fruit Germplasm. Q cluster analysis showed that 199 loquat germplasm resources were seperated into cultivar and wild germplasm when L = 87.31；Five groups were seperated when L = 34.92，the germplasm resources in the same group were most came from the same origin region showing the nearest genetic relationship. R cluster analysis showed 86 characters closely related were significantly clustered into 3 groups. Principal component analysis suggested that，86 characters can be simplified to 28 main factors，the cumulative contribution rate of 74.7%，and the relatively large influence of 58 characters based on the amount of 28 factors loading.
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• Effects of Bagging Treatments on Quality and Storability of Postharvest ‘Keitt’Mango Fruit
• ZHENG Xiao-ling;ZHANG Jia-jia;and LI Jian-rong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 657-665.
• Abstract ( 2082 ) HTML ( 1459 ) PDF (387KB) ( 1459 ) 　　　
• Effects of bagging，removed bagging before harvest，and spraying calcium after removed bagging on quality and storability of‘Keitt’mango fruit were investigated respectively. Results showed that three treatments decreased content of anthocyanin，flavonoids and total phenol in peel，whereas increased total phenol in full ripe fruit as compared to control fruit. These treatments not only enhanced the process of green converted to yellow in peel appearance and increased calcium content in both peel and flesh，but also slowed the softening and decreased disease index of fruit，especially with spraying calcium after removed bagging. In addition，starch content in flesh of fruit with these treatments was higher，and contents of sucrose and vitamin C were significant lower than that control at greenmature（harvested）stage，while no difference in contents of sucrose，reducing sugar，vitamin C and titratable acidity in full ripe fruit were observed between control and treatments. Thus，these treatments could contribute to improve the quality and storability of mango fruit.
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• Identification of Self-incompatibility SFB Genes for Apricot Cultivars in Xinjiang Area
• LIU Yue-xia;FENG Jian-rong;WANG Da-jiang;FAN Xin-min;and JIANG Xin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 666-674.
• Abstract ( 1627 ) HTML ( 1199 ) PDF (362KB) ( 1199 ) 　　　
• In order to identify SFB gene associated with self-incompatibility of apricot cultivars in Xinjiang area systematically，five pairs of primers designed according to the conserved sequences of Rosaceae SFB were used for specific PCR amplification of 25 mainly apricot cultivars in Xinjiang. The specific fragments amplified successfully were cloned and sequenced. The results showed：The primer combinationⅡ-1、Ⅳ-2，1-Ⅰ、1-Ⅱ was the best optional；Five different size fragments and 14 different genes were cloned from 18 apricot cultivars. Searches for homology with our sequences publicly available DNA databases revealed 2 SFB gene fragments（SFB-36，SFB-42）had been deposited in the GenBank （Accession No：EF062342）as SFB-13，and the other 12 SFB gene fragments were novel SFB genes，temporarily named as：SFB-30，SFB-31，SFB-32，SFB-33，SFB-34，SFB-35，SFB-37，SFB-38，SFB-39，SFB-40，SFB-41 and SFB-43. Comparison of amino acid sequences of this 14 SFB gene fragments in apricot revealed three conserved regions and two high variability regions. Sixty-two SFB genes in Rosaceae 　　
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Vegetables

• Effects of Heat Shock Stress on the Photosystem Activity of Tomato Fruit Surface
• WANG Jun-ling;GAO Zhi-kui;;and ZHAO Fei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 675-682.
• Abstract ( 1881 ) HTML ( 1374 ) PDF (351KB) ( 1374 ) 　　　
• The effect of heat shock stress on the photochemical activity and chlorophyll fluorescence spectra of tomato fruit surface was studied by a MINI-IMAGING-PAM system and QE65000 spectrometer. The results showed that the maximal photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）decreased steadliy under lower temperatue of heat shock stress（36–43 ℃），which indicated that the PSⅡ could be ihhibited partly under temperature stress，and at this point，the increased Y（NPQ）dissipated the surplus energy so as to alleviate further damage to photosynthetic apparatus. When the temperature exceeded 43 ℃，the quantum yield of nonregulated energy dissipation Y（NO）increased significantly，Fv/Fm，the open PSⅡ reaction centers（Fv′/Fm′）and the apparent electron transport rate（ETR）decreased sharply，and Y（NPQ）began to decrease，indicating that antenna pigment dissipation mechanism of PSⅡ reaction center might have been 　　 damaged，and consequently the self-adjustment function of high-temperature stress began to decrease. Meantime，PSⅡ reaction center turned inactive and the photoinhibition was aggravated. When the temperature exceeded the enaturalization midpoint temperature（T m（Fv/Fm），51.4 ℃），the relative deviation（β/α–1）from full balance between two photosystems increased，while the fluorescence decline ratio（Rfd）decreased sharply，showing that the excitation energy distribution was seriously imbalanced and the assimilation capacity of CO2 was extremely weak. T m（Fv/Fm） calculated from Gibbs free energ（△GD）was higher than T m[Y(II)]，indicating that the heat resistance of PSⅡ was a little stronger than that of the whole photosynthesis.
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• Effects of Short-term Sub-low Night Temperature Treatment and Recovery on the Photosynthesis and Sucrose-metabolizing of Tomato Leaves
• LIU Yu-feng;LI Tian-lai;and JIAO Xiao-chi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 683-691.
• Abstract ( 2035 ) HTML ( 1649 ) PDF (303KB) ( 1649 ) 　　　
• In a bid to discuss the response mechanism of carbohydrate metabolism in tomato leaves to short-term sub-low night temperature. Dynamic changes of accumulation of each organ dry matter，carbohydrate contents and sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities in tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）leaves under short-term sub-low night temperature at 9 ℃ for 3 to 9 days and then recover for 9 days at 15 ℃ were studied. The results showed that short-term sub-low night temperature at 9 ℃ decreased the dry matter content of the each organ，increased fructose content，glucose content，sucrose content and total sugar as well as starch content，inhibited the activities of acid invertase（AI），neutral invertase（NI），sucrose synthase（SS）and sucrose phosphate synthase（SPS）. The net photosynthetic rate，dry matter content of the each organ，starch，fructose，glucose content，and so on were all reversible at 15 ℃ for 9 days after treating 6 days at 9 ℃，but the net photosynthetic rate，starch，fructose content and sucrose synthase（SS）were irreversible for recovery 9 days after treating 9 days. Especially，sucrose content，sucrose synthase（SS）and sucrose phosphate synthase（SPS）could not come back to control for recovery 9 days after treating 6–9 days，and the slower recovery rate was，the longer treatment time was. There were significnatly negative linear correlations between sucrose and starch content and Pn，as well as sucrose content and SPS activity. Reduced photosynthesis under sub-low night temperature could be explained by feedback inhibition of end-productandit and it was suggested that the accumulation of end-product in leaves could be the direct factor in regulating photosynthesis.
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• Effects of GMPase Overexpression on Ascorbic Acid Content and Relative Index to Low-temperature Tolerance in Tomato Plants
• LI Chao-han;ZHANG Lin;SHI Qing-hua;LI Qing-zhu;GUO Xiao-qing;LI Xia;and YU Xian-chang;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 692-700.
• Abstract ( 2196 ) HTML ( 1281 ) PDF (368KB) ( 1281 ) 　　　
• Two transgenic tomato plants of overexpressing GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase gene （GMPase）were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation，and Western blot analysis indicated that the GMPase protein in transgenic plants was significantly increased. T0 make sure the function of GMPase overexpression，ascorbate content and cold tolerance capacity were studied. Compared with wild-type plants，the GMPase activity and contents of AsA and DHA in both normal and low-temperature conditions were increased and the MDA content was decreased in the transgenic plants. Based on these results，it can be concluded that the overexpression of GMPase may increase tomato tolerance to cold stress by increasing AsA level and lowering lipid peroxidation.
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• Functional Studies of JOINTLESS and Its Interacting MADS-domain Proteins in Tomato
• WANG Xiang;and YIN Jun;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 701-708.
• Abstract ( 1921 ) HTML ( 3094 ) PDF (428KB) ( 3094 ) 　　　
• The MADS-box gene JOINTLESS（J）is required for flower abscission zone formation in tomato. MADS-box genes encode a class of transcription factors that usually form protein complexes controlling the transcription of genes. This study aims to identify the specific function of J and its interacting MADS-box in tomato. Seven of the JOINTLESS-interacting MADS-domain proteins are selected，and the functions of their encoding genes are studied using RNA interference（RNAi）and transgenic overexpression strategies. It is found that knockdown of TAG1 expression not only causes severe morphological changes in male and female floral organs but also reduces fertility. Overexpression of J leads to higher than normal numbers of flowers in individual inflorescences and changes in fruit shape.
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• Genetic Mapping of the Fruit Bitterness Gene（Bt）in Cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）
• ZHANG Sheng-ping;MIAO Han;CHENG Zhou-chao;LIU Miao-miao;ZHANG Zhong-hua;WANG Xiao-wu;SUN Ri-fei;and GU Xing-fang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 709-716.
• Abstract ( 2762 ) HTML ( 2376 ) PDF (521KB) ( 2376 ) 　　　
• A F2 population including 184 individuals derived from two cucumber inbred lines 931（btbt）and 46GBt（BtBt）was used to construct a linkage of SSR markers to fruit bitterness gene（Bt）in cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）. Eight SSR markers were mapped on the linkage. The flanking markers SSR10795 and SSR07081 were linked to the Bt gene with genetic distances of 0.8 and 2.5 cM，respectively. The veracity of SSR10795 and SSR07081 was tested using another F2 population，and the accuracy rate for the two markers was 91.6%. The linkage was compared with the integrated genetic and cytogenetic map，and the Bt gene was mapped to the short arm of cucumber chromosome 5 within the region of 3.3 cM. The physical distance between SSR10795 and SSR07081 was 17 227 kb based on the whole genome sequence of cucumber，and there are 536 candidate genes in this region. In the present study，two SSR markers closely linked to Bt gene which could be used in marker-assisted selection（MAS）for non-bitter cucumber breeding program.
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• Sequence Characteristics of ARF Gene Family of Cucumber and an Expression Analysis of Some Members During Early Development of Fruits
• WANG Lei;CHEN Jin-feng;LOU Li-na;and LOU Qun-feng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 717-724.
• Abstract ( 2016 ) HTML ( 1420 ) PDF (327KB) ( 1420 ) 　　　
• Eighteen ARF family members were identified from Cucumber Genome Datebase using bioinformatics methods. They are distributed on 7 chromosomes，and their evolutionary patterns are the gene duplication，sequence differences and gene deletion. With RT-PCR technique，parthenocarpic line ‘6401’and non-parthenocarpic line‘6429’were used to test the expression patterns of 9 ARF genes that were selected by their homology with genes related parthenocarpy. The results of Csa021954 and Csa012805 indicated that they were only induced in the fruits from pollination. However，Csa019265，Csa009209 and Csa009210 have more transcripts in all samples. At the same time Csa012237 and Csa015176 showed significant reduction in the early development fruits of cucumber. Furthermore，the 　　 expression of Csa019264 and Csa010564 only are in the development fruits and higher levels. Therefore，it was speculated that the these genes may play an important role in promoting fruit development of cucumber.
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• In Vitro Expression of Two Truncated Form of SRK and Analysis on Its Interaction with THL1
• GAO Qi-guo;SUN Zi-jian;WEI Jing-yi;ZHU Li-quan;and WANG Xiao-jia;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 725-732.
• Abstract ( 1609 ) HTML ( 1323 ) PDF (444KB) ( 1323 ) 　　　
• To determine the amino acid region on SRK responsible for binding THL1 and their interaction manner，according to distribution of functional domains on SRKE1,two truncated form of SRKE1 prokaryotic expression plasmids pGEX-SRKE1A and pGEX-SRKE1B were constructed，and the recombinant protein were expressed in E. coli（BL21）. SRKE1A and SRKE1B were incubated with THL1 respectively，their interaction were analyzed in vitro. The result showed that SRKE1A and SRKE1B could interact with THL1，and their interaction did not depend on SRK kinase activity. Through alignment of SRKs from ClassⅠand ClassⅡ，the result showed that the conserved cysteine sites were different between the two Class SRKs，which suggests that self-incompatibility difference between two Class SRK probably has relation to the conserved Cys.
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Ornamental Plants

• Studies on Ploidy Levels,Pollen Fertility and Interploid Hybridization of Asiatic Lilies
• ZHOU Gui-xue;LI Ke-hu;ZHANG Xian-xian;REN Gui-ling;GUO Fang-qi;and ZHOU Shu-jun;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 733-739.
• Abstract ( 2263 ) HTML ( 1773 ) PDF (973KB) ( 1773 ) 　　　
• The ploidy level，pollen morphology，and pollen germination of five Asiatic lilies，‘Renoir’，‘Eleganza’，‘Pollyanna’，‘Brunello’and‘Val di Sole’，were investigated in the present paper. The results show：1. They have different ploidy levels.‘Renoir’，‘Eleganza’and‘Pollyanna’are diploid （2n = 2x = 24），‘Brunello’and‘Val di Sole’are tetraploid（2n = 4x = 48）；2. All the cultivars have two classes of pollen，i. e.，normal stainable elliptical pollen and abnormal unstainable wrinkled pollen；3. The tetraploid‘Brunello’had 80% pollen germination rate，which is much higher than others ranged from 24%–36%；4. By embryo rescue，18 seedling lines were obtained from 4x–2x of six interploid crossing combinations. The analyzed 12 lines out of them are triploid（2n = 3x = 36）based on chromosome preparation. Since triploid lilies have the advantages over diploid and lily can be propagated vegetatively， it would be highly possible to select new cultivars from the triploid seedlings.
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• Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis of Special Germplasm of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis
• WU Jing-hua;ZHANG Zhi-zhong;and Lü Liu-xin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 740-746.
• Abstract ( 1610 ) HTML ( 1206 ) PDF (336KB) ( 1206 ) 　　　
• Used florescence in situ hybridization（FISH）and genomic in situ hybridization（GISH）techniques to analyze the genomic organization in Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis Roem. distributed in China. Chromosome localization of 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA were studied by means of FISH on metaphase chromosomes of yellow flower narcissus and two-color flower narcissus. The results showed that NOR loci of different materials showed polymorphism. There were three 45S rDNA loci in yellow flower narcissus，while there were five loci in two-color flower narcissus. The distribution of 5S rDNA appeared similar in the two genomes. Based on GISH analysis，two-color flower narcissus（2n = 3x = 32）had two genomes of white flower narcissus（2n = 2x = 22）and a single genome of yellow flower narcissus（2n = 2x = 20）. By comparing the physical location of 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA on chromosomes and the result of GISH，it was believed that two-color flower narcissus was the result of nature hybridization between white flower narcissus and yellow flower narcissus.
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Research Notes

• Effects of Seedlessness Treatment on the Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Enzymes of Grape‘Muscat Hamburg’Different Organs
• TIAN Shu-fen;;WANG Yong;and LI Yang-xin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 747-752.
• Abstract ( 2379 ) HTML ( 1202 ) PDF (211KB) ( 1202 ) 　　　
• Take grape Muscat Hamburg as materials，using grapevine seedless agents（main components were GA3）dunking the fruit clusters made the seedlessness treatment during the blooming period，measured the polyphenols contents and the antioxidant capacity of grape fruit，leaves，young stems and tendril by colorimetric method and clearance free radical in vitro method during the whole growth period. The results showed that after the seedless treatment，phenols materials and antioxidation ability in berries decreased significantly，phenols materials and antioxidation ability in leaves and young stems somewhat increased，phenols materials in tendrils had little difference compared to control，antioxidation ability was slightly higher than control；Changes regularity of clearing the free radicle were opposite to leaves，young stems and tendrils organs，antioxidation ability of control fruits was stronger than that of seedlessness treatment.
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• Variation of Endogenous Hormone and Carbohydrate Contents in Growing Yam Bulbils
• LONG Wen-hong;GUO Hua-chun;;XIAO Guan-li;and WANG Qiong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 753-760.
• Abstract ( 3604 ) HTML ( 1278 ) PDF (225KB) ( 1278 ) 　　　
• Abstract：Contents of endogenous hormones IAA，ZR，DHZR，GA3，ABA，reducing sugar，soluble sugar，starch and dry matter in yam（Dioscorea opposita）bulbils were tested over developmental cycle. The results showed that concentration of IAA was low and varied gently，so did that of DHZR，while ZR content was higher than DHZR content throughout bulbil developing stage and changed more sharply especially at early stage. The content of GA3，compared with other hormone contents，was very high throughout bulbil developing stage，it maintained 1 220.7 ng · g-1 at last，though it began to reduce after bulbils became brown. The content of ABA fluctuated from 730.9 ng · g-1 to 954.9 ng · g-1 before bulbils became brown completely，then increased sharply. The content of reducing sugar reduced rapidly at first and changed little after bulbil browning. The content of soluble sugar curve rose，while the contents of starch and dry matter rose linearly. When bulbils were mature，the contents of soluble sugar，starch and dry matter reached the peak. The results indicated that high GA3 and ZR content were necessary for bulbil development，and bulbils would to be mature after the ratio of GA3 to ABA was less than 1. As the result of endogenous hormone regulation，matters such as reducing sugar，soluble sugar，starch and dry matter continued to accumulate until the bulbils matured and the vines on which bulbils grown were yellow and dry.
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• Influence of Combined Lighting with Different Red and Blue LED on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Quality of Lettuce and Evaluation of Energy Consumption
• WEN Jing;;YANG Qi-chang;WEI Ling-ling;CHENG Rui-feng;LIU Wen-ke;BAO Shun-shu;and ZHOU Wan-lai
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 761-769.
• Abstract ( 1995 ) HTML ( 4241 ) PDF (244KB) ( 4241 ) 　　　
• To research the energy-saving and high-efficiency lighting parameters suitable for lettuce growth，LEDA and LEDB lighting were used. LEDA lighting was composed of red with peak at 660 nm（R）and blue with peak at 450 nm（B），LEDB lighting was composed of red with peak at 630 nm（R）and blue with peak at 460 nm（B）. Treatments with R/B ratio of 6，8，10 were performed with LEDA and 　　 LEDB respectively. Results showed that photosynthetic rate of lettuce was significantly higher under LED lighting than under fluorescent lamp. There were no significant differences in photosynthetic rate，transpiration rate，stomatal conductance，intercellular CO2 concentration，vitamin C，total sugar and nitrate content of lettuce between LEDA and LEDB. All those indices showed the same change trend with R/B，and they were the best at the R/B ratio of 8（LEDA2，LEDB2）. Compared with fluorescent treatment，photosynthetic rate and vitamin C content increased 38% and 8.3% respectively，while nitrate content decreased 9.2% in LEDA2 treatment，and photosynthetic rate increased 48% and nitrate content decreased 6.5% in LEDB2 treatment. The content of chlorophyll a，b and（a + b）were significant higher under LEDA lighting than under LEDB lighting，and were the highest under LEDA3 and LEDB2 treatments，respectively. In addition，results of power consumption of lighting device showed，compared with LEDA lighting and fluorescent，the power consumption per plant of LEDB lighting decreased 53.3% and 27.2%，respectively. Thus，LED lighting composed of red with peak at 630 nm and blue with peak at 460 nm，while R/B = 8，not only could improve photosynthesis rate and quality，but also is more energy-saving than other treatments. The aim of efficient and energy-saving was achieved from above three aspects.
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• Adventitious Root Generating Process and Hormone and Enzyme Changes in Vitro Paeonia suffruticosa
• HE Dan;WANG Zheng;and HE Song-lin;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 770-776.
• Abstract ( 2234 ) HTML ( 1641 ) PDF (384KB) ( 1641 ) 　　　
• In vitro cultivar of Paeonia suffruticosa‘Taipinghong’was used to study histological characters and the contents of IAA，ZR and ABA and the activities of POD，PPO and IAAO during rhizogenesis. Results identified that the adventitious root primordia originated from the vascular cambium cells. The adventitious root primordia formed on the 3rd day of root induction period and broke epidermis on the 15th day. The contents of endogenous hormones decreased during root primordia-inducing but increased during root elongation. Moreover，the activity of POD fell but the activity of PPO and IAAO rosed during root primordia-growing；And the activity of POD fluctuated，the activity of PPO decreased then increased，the activity of IAAO decreased during root elongation.
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• The Micro-morphological Feature of Leaf Epidermis and Gland of Nepenthes mirabilis
• CHEN Yan;TANG Xiao-shan;CHENG Xia-lan;CHEN Hua-sheng;and ZHENG Xiao-lin;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 777-782.
• Abstract ( 2188 ) HTML ( 1938 ) PDF (651KB) ( 1938 ) 　　　
• Epidermal features of the modified leaf of Nepenthes mirabilis were observed with a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope（SEM），respectively. The results were as follows：① Stomata and stellate trichome were presented in the epidermis of leaf，pitcher and pitcher lid，and shape of all epidermal cells was similar. ② The round glands existed densely in lower epidermis of pitcher lid，while glands，as“head”and“cover”，humped in inner epidermis of bottom pitcher. ③ The peristome of pitcher consisted of longitudinal ribs，and corsswise bursiform markings occurred among the ribs. ④ The inner epidermis of upper pitcher was smooth and coated with a water-resistant wax layer.
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• Identification of Genes Up-regulated by Ectropic obliqua Feeding in Tea Seedlings
• QIAO Jin-lian;ZHANG Ya-ting;ZHU Xiao-pei;YANG Hui-min;ZENG Wei;ZHAO Qin;and YUAN Hong-yu;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 783-789.
• Abstract ( 1753 ) HTML ( 1386 ) PDF (252KB) ( 1386 ) 　　　
• Nineteen genes up-regulated by Ectropic obliqua attack from tea plants were isolated by suppression subtractive hybridization（SSH），differential screening，and real-time RT-PCR analysis. These genes were involved in JA synthesis，cell wall modification，secondary metabolism，carbohydrate metabolism，pathogen defensive response and oxidative stress protection. Among these genes，15 clones were firstly isolated from tea plants，and 4 clones firstly found in the studies of molecular mechanism of plant-insect interactions，up to day. The results showed that Ectropic obliqua attack up-regulated defense related genes and induced tea defense responses.
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Review

• Progress on the Major Derivatives of Resveratrol
• WANG Jun-fang;LI Rui-guo;LIU Wen;LIU Chun-yan;XI Hui-fen;MA Ling;LI Shao-hua;;and WANG Li-jun;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 790-798.
• Abstract ( 1623 ) HTML ( 3576 ) PDF (265KB) ( 3576 ) 　　　
• The derivatives of resveratrol are derived from resveratrol，but they have different structures from resveratrol. Some of the compounds have similar or stronger pharmacological activity compared with the resveratrol. Therefore，more attentionn from medical and plant were paid on them in recent years. In order to lay the foundation for the further research，this paper give a brief introduction on the research of anti-disease，health protection，detection and induction synthesis of these compounds.
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New Cultivars

• A New Large Fruit and Early Maturing Apricot Cultivar‘Daiyu’
• ZHAO Jin-hong;WANG Yu-shan;FENG Dian-qi;;ZHAO Yong;and LIU Yi-yi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 799-800.
• Abstract ( 1544 ) HTML ( 1224 ) PDF (187KB) ( 1224 ) 　　　
• Daiyu’is a new superior cultivar selected from populations of local aprioct in Mountain Taishan. The fruit is large. The average fruit weight is 105 g. The content of soluble solids is 14.5%. It has sweet taste，excellent quality，sugary almond and fruit storability and transport. The fruit development period is about 60 days，20 days earlier than‘Katy’apricot. It is resistant to bacterial shot-hole and brown rot，with high and stable yielding.
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• A New Chestnut Cultivar‘Huaifeng’
• LAN Yan-ping;ZHOU Lian-di;;LAN Wei-zong;LIU Jin-hai;GAO Tian-fang;and LIU Guo-bin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 801-802.
• Abstract ( 1445 ) HTML ( 1104 ) PDF (180KB) ( 1104 ) 　　　
• The new high yield and excellent quality chestnut cultivar‘Huaifeng’was selected from natural chestnut seedlings. It had good characteristics，such as high yield，excellent quality，storage tolerance and strong resistance. The shape of nut is uniform and the average nut weight is 8.9 g. There are 3 nuts in one bur. The nut skin is black brown with little pubescence. The chestnut kernel is yellow，sticky when cooking. The fresh chestnut kernel nut is fragrant-sweet，with water content 54.80%，total sugar content 6.73%，starch content 39.80%，crude fiber content 1.30%，fats content 0.90% and protein content 5.25%. It is suitable to plant in mountain area，and fruit maturity is early middle September in Beijing.
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• A New Coconut Cultivar‘Wenye 4’
• FAN Hai-kuo;FENG Mei-li;HUANG Li-yun;MA Zi-long;TANG Long-xiang;QIN Wei-quan;WU Duo-yang;LIU Li-yun;and ZHAO Song-lin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 803-804.
• Abstract ( 1727 ) HTML ( 1399 ) PDF (172KB) ( 1399 ) 　　　
• ‘Wenye 4’is a new coconut cultivar，which is selected from‘Aromatic’coconut by Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences. The trunk is dwarf. The single fruit weight is 870 g. The protein content of copra is 7.1%，the fat content of copra is 48.5%. The soluble solids content of coconut water is 7.8%. The fruit is very sweet with fragrance in flavor.
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• A New Pepper Cultivar‘Ganfeng Layu’
• FANG Rong;ZHOU Kun-hua;CHEN Xue-jun;and MIAO Nan-sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 805-806.
• Abstract ( 1598 ) HTML ( 1018 ) PDF (155KB) ( 1018 ) 　　　
• ‘Ganfeng Layu’is a new mid-maturing hot pepper hybrid. It has strong growth with compact plants. The fruit is horn shaped，and middle pungent with green skin and bright red skin in maturity. The fruit is 18.5 cm in length，3.3 cm in width，0.3 cm in flesh thick. The average fruit weight is 47.0 g. The vitamin C content is 0.73 mg · g-1. The dry matter content is 8.36% in fruits. The yield of fresh fruit is about 38–60 t · hm-2. It is resistant to diseases and tolerant to high hot-wet. Appropriate cultivation area is in the Yangtze River Valley for spring summer cultivation in open field and autumn delayed culture in greenhouse.
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• A New Eggplant Hybrid‘Qieza 13’
• GAO Xiu-rui;PAN Xiu-qing;WU Yan-rong;LI Bing;and WANG Hong-chang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 807-808.
• Abstract ( 1991 ) HTML ( 1205 ) PDF (129KB) ( 1205 ) 　　　
• ‘Qieza 13’is a new mid-early maturing eggplant hybrid developed by crossing lines D-11 with E-902. The cultivar has many good characteristics such as strong growth vigor，tall stem，continuous and long harvesting time，high yield and good adaptability. The number of nodes under the first flower is 7–8. Its fruit is round-shaped，purple black，and the color of the fruit pulp is light green. The fruit grows fast，and the average fruit weight is 996.1 g. Its yield amounts up to 80 000–107 000 kg · hm-2. It is suitable for protected and open field cultivation in spring.
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• A New Seedling-edible Chinese Cabbage Hybrid‘Shuangnai’
• ZHONG Xin-min;LI Bi-yuan;WANG Wu-hong;and YUE Zhi-chen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 809-810.
• Abstract ( 1590 ) HTML ( 1226 ) PDF (176KB) ( 1226 ) 　　　
• ‘Shuangnai’is a seedling-edible Chinese cabbage hybrid with excellent quality，which developed by crossing S99-534 with S02-PB658. It has bright and pale green leaves without fuzz，white petiole，and good quality. It has strong resistance to hot and moist environment and also a high general disease resistance. It is suitable for planting as seedlingedible Chinese cabbage in the summer in Yangtze River Valley and South China.
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• A New Chinese Chive Cultivar‘Haijiu 1’
• HUI Zhi-ming;JIANG Zhong-ren;ZHANG Shu-gen;XING Yong-ping;and LI Chun-ling
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2011, 38(4): 811-812.
• Abstract ( 1598 ) HTML ( 1080 ) PDF (169KB) ( 1080 ) 　　　
• ‘Haijiu 1’is a new dormant Chinese chive cultivar that was derived from a hybrid between the male-sterile line‘Xiaohuangmiao’and the line‘J-01-2’of‘Hanzhong Dongjiu’（the pollen donor）. The cultivar was bred by repeated selfing and selecting to pyramid multiple desirable traits from both parents. The plants grow vigorously with dark green leaves about 1.0–1.1 cm in width，reaching an average fresh weight of 11.0 g per plant. The content of soluble sugar and cellulose is 2.06% and 0.91% respectively. The cultivar adapted widely to diverse agricultural zones with an average yield about 167 667 kg · hm-2 per annum. Furthermore，the plants have a prolonged shelf life. It is tolerant to low temperature and to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea.
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