Fruit Trees

• Genetic Diversity of Leaf-used Ginkgo biloba Germplasms Based on Flavonoids and Ginkgolides Contents and AFLP Markers
• WU Qi-Kui, XING Shi-Yan-*, WANG Xuan, SUN Li-Min
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2373-2382.
• Abstract ( 429 ) HTML ( 944 ) PDF (643KB) ( 944 ) 　　　
• The genetic relationship of leaf-used Ginkgo biloba L. germplasms were evaluated by flavonoids and ginkgolides contents and AFLP markers. The results showed that rich genetic diversity existed in both flavonoids and ginkgolides contents and AFLP markers. The average content of leaf extracts（Ga，Gb，Gc，Gj，Bb，Te，GF）in 68 leaf-used G. biloba L. germplasms are 0.0371%，0.0185%，0.0280%，0.0133%，0.0243%，0.1216% and 1.7103% respectively. Among the 1 408 bands obtained from 8 selective primer pairs，99.28% of them were polymorphic. Nei’s genetic diversity was 0.1939，and Shannon’s index was 0.3142. The molecular genetic similarity coefficients range from 0.2924 to 0.7413，with an average of 0.4888. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis based the flavonoids and ginkgolides contents of different populations and UPGMA exhibited a good consistency. By the hybrid method of flavonoids and ginkgolides contents and AFLP markers analysis，screen out the distinctive G. biloba germplasms of high-flavonoids and ginkgolides，would be valuable for germplasm management and utilization of leaf-used G. biloba L. germplasm.
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• Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Small Heat Shock Protein Gene（MiHSP17.6）from Mangifera indica
• CAN Van Toan, LUO Cong, DONG Long, LIU Zhao-Liang, HE Xin-Hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2383-2392.
• Abstract ( 442 ) HTML ( 1001 ) PDF (417KB) ( 1001 ) 　　　
• The full length sequence of cDNA，small heat shock protein 17.6 gene of mango was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE method，which was named MiHSP17.6 with the GenBank accession number of KJ459857. The results showed that the full-length sequence of MiHSP17.6 is 680 bp and the open reading frame is 462 bp，which encoding a polypeptide of 154 amino acids. The untranslated region（UTR）5′ and 3′ with the length of 80 bp and 135 bp，respectively. Comparison of the amino acids sequences of homologous HSP proteins from other species indicated that MiHSP17.6 has a range of 74% to 82% identity. The real-time quantitative PCR results showed that MiHSP17.6 was expressed in all tested organs. And we also found that MiHSP17.6 was regulated by several treatments，such as high temperature（44 ℃），low temperature（4 ℃），salt（NaCl），polyethylene glycol（PEG），abscisic acid（ABA），hydrogenperoxide（H2O2）and salicylic acid（SA）treatments. These results showed that the function of MiHSP17.6 gene has an important role in mango fruit development and stress responses.
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• Effects of Different Low Storage Temperatures on Tissue Browning and Quality of‘Dangshan Suli’Pears During Shelf-life
• WANG Zhi-Hua, JIANG Yun-Bin, WANG Wen-Hui-*, HANG Bo, DU Yan-Min, TONG Wei, JIA Xiao-Hui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2393-2401.
• Abstract ( 443 ) HTML ( 956 ) PDF (348KB) ( 956 ) 　　　
• The effects of cold storage temperature（–1，0，1.5 and 5 ℃）on superficial scald，core browning and fruit quality of‘Dangshan Suli’pears（shelf-life at 20 ℃）harvested from Taigu and Linyi districts in Shanxi Province were investigated. The results showed that the superficial scald was mainly detected during shelf-life at 20 ℃ after 200 days cold storage，and the lower the storage temperature，the worse the superficial scald disease. The core browning index of fruit stored at–1 ℃ and 5 ℃ was obviously higher than that at 0 ℃ and 1.5 ℃. The fruit firmness and soluble solids content（SSC）kept well when stored at 0 ℃ and 1.5 ℃，as well as the taste and flavor. For the fruit stored at 5 ℃，the fruit firmness was the lowest and the decay rate was the highest. While for that stored at–1 ℃，the fruit firmness and SSC decreased，and the fruit flavor became worse，although the decay rate declined. The effects of low temperature on fruit quality of ‘Dangshan Suli’ pears harvested from Taigu and Linyi wereconsistent. The research indicated that the optimum temperature was 0–1.5 ℃ for long time storage and 1.5–5 ℃ for short time storage（120 days or less），respectively.
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Vegetables

• FISH Analysis Based on 25S rDNA in Chinese Cabbage–Head Cabbage Allotriploid（ACC）
• XUAN Shu-Xin-1, ZHAO Yu-Jing-1, WANG Yan-Hua-1, QIE Li-Juan-2, LI Xiao-Feng-1, SHEN Shu-Xing
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2402-2410.
• Abstract ( 537 ) HTML ( 820 ) PDF (435KB) ( 820 ) 　　　
• 25S rDNA-FISH was applied to analyze metaphase chromosome components and meiotic chromosome behavior of Chinese cabbage–head cabbage allotriploid（ACC），and pollen character and the fecundity of the allotriploid was studied. In the 25S rDNA-FISH analysis for metaphase chromosomes，Chinese cabbage–head cabbage allotriploid was verified to have 28 chromosomes and contains 9 locis of 25S rDNA，among them 4 locis mapping on chromosome 4 and 7 of head cabbage，and the other 5 locis mapping on chromosome 1–5 of Chinese cabbage. There was different degree of homology between A chromosomes and C chromosomes. At meiotic diakinesis，the chromosomes often form different association patterns，such as univalent，bivalent，and trivalent，etc. There were dissociated chromosomes at metaphaseⅠand Ⅱ，chromosome unequally segregating，lagging and losing at anaphaseⅠand anaphaseⅡ，and micronuclei forming at telophaseⅡ. These results led to that pollen regularity and pollen viability of allotriploid was much lower than that of its diploid parents. Whether this allotriploid was selfing or backcross with head cabbage，the seed setting rate was very low，only 0.01%.
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• Effect of Different Light Supplement Time and Method on Bulbing Enlargement and Nutritional Quality of Greenhouse-grown Garlic
• JIN Zhi-Yong, WANG Shuo-Shuo, LIU Na, GONG Biao, LIU Shi-Qi, SHI Qing-Hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2411-2418.
• Abstract ( 444 ) HTML ( 998 ) PDF (499KB) ( 998 ) 　　　
• ‘Ershuizao’garlic was used as experimental material to investigate the effects of different photoperiod treatment on the enlargement and nutritional quality of garlic bulb. The results indicated that the 14 h（7 h natural light + 7 h artificial light）uninterrupted illumination was necessary for garlic bulbing enlargement. However，under 7 h natural light，all supplements of light from 1 h to 7 h to break darkness at night could increase the bulbing enlargement more quickly than continuous 14 h illumination treatment. The difference of bulb weights among treatments of darkness break（1 - 7 h）was not significant. With the extension of light supplying at night（1 - 7 h），contents of leaf pigment，allicin，soluble sugars，vitamin C，soluble proteins and free amino acids of bulb were increased first and then decreased，and the treatment of 5 h darkness break showed the highest levels of pigment，vitamin C，soluble proteins and freeamino acids content in the bulb，which is about 30.0%，7.7%，36.2% and 25.3% higher than 14 h uninterrupted illumination，respectively. Furthermore，both the content of total phenol and the free radical scavenging rate also showed the highest level in the treatment of 5 h darkness break. If the main purpose of protected garlic production was to get the yield，1 h darkness break treatment was enough，if both yield and quality were considered，5 h darkness break was the proper treatment.
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• Effects of Silicon on Ultrastructure and Active Oxygen Metabolism in Mitochondria of Tomato Roots Under Drought Stress
• CAO Bi-Li, LIU Can-Yu, XU Kun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2419-2426.
• Abstract ( 512 ) HTML ( 1250 ) PDF (2026KB) ( 1250 ) 　　　
• The effects of silicon on ultrastructure and active oxygen metabolism in root mitochondria were studied with a tomato（Solanum lycopersicum）cultivar‘Jinpeng 1’in cultured hydroponics under PEG-6000 simulated drought. The results showed that with the extension of drought stress，the root activity of tomato plants gradually decreased. Malondialdehyde（MDA）content，mitochondrial superoxide anion（）productivity rate and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）content gradually increased，but the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT）rapidly increased in the early stage of drought stress，and then rapidly decreased after peak. The application of silicon significantly effected the change of the related indicators caused by drought stress. After 12 days of drought stress，the content ofMDA，and H2O2 in roots of tomato with silicon were lower than that of tomato without silicon by 25.14%，8.34%，20.25%，respectively. But root activity，SOD activity，POD activity and CAT activity were higher by 139.62%，243.19%，65.53%，125.55%，respectively. In addition，the application of silicon not only reduced plasmolysis of tomato root cells，but also relieved the damage of mitochondria，nuclei and biofilms.
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Ornamental Plants

• Studies on Evaluation and Screening of Cold Resistance During Seedling Stage in Eighteen Species or Varieties of Spiraea
• LIU Hui-Min, ZHANG Qian, SU Qing, LIU Ji-Xuan, CHE Dai-Di
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2427-2436.
• Abstract ( 430 ) HTML ( 1009 ) PDF (354KB) ( 1009 ) 　　　
• Eighteen species or varieties of Spiraea were used as the experimental materials，which had different geographic distributions and different cold resistances. The physiological indexes which were related to cold resistance were determined under the natural low temperature in the open field. The subjection function model and Logistic equation were considered to calculate the subjection function value of the physiological indexes，and semi-lethal temperature was calculated through measuring the electrical conductivity of branches with frozen treatments. According to the subjection function value of the physiological indexes and the semi-lethal temperature to determine their cold resistant abilities. The results showed that S. fritschiana Schneid，S. pubescens Turcz，S. velutina Franch，S. chamedryfolia L.，S. sericea Turcz，S. hypericifolia L. and S. trilobata Linn were screened out as the ones which had the strongest cold resistances，also S. trichocarpa Nakai，S. media Schmibt and S. salicifolia Linn as the ones which had the stronger cold resistances.
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• Cloning and Expression Analysis of a B-box-type Zinc-finger Protein Gene PhBBX8 in Petunia hybrida
• NING Lu-Yun, LI Bei, LI Pei, BAO Man-Zhu, ZHANG Wei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2437-2445.
• Abstract ( 414 ) HTML ( 1185 ) PDF (348KB) ( 1185 ) 　　　
• Gene expression microarray of petunia was applied to select cold responsive gene，from which a B-box-type zinc-finger protein gene PhBBX8 was discovered. The full length of the coding region of PhBBX8 amplified by RT-PCR was 1 242 bp，and the product of PhBBX8 gene was predicted to consist of 413 amino acid residuals containing two B-box domains at the N-terminal and one CCT domain at the C-terminal. The phylogenetic tree analyses showed that PhBBX8 was clustered in the same branch with AtBBX8 in Arabidopsis. By semi-quantitative RT-PCR，PhBBX8 was found to express differentially in all the tissues detected，including root，stem，leaf and flower. Stress induced expression analysis by real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression of PhBBX8 could be induced not only by cold，but also by drought，ABA，MeJA，salt and hypertonic stresses in different degrees，suggesting PhBBX8 gene was associated with the responses of cold and other abiotic stresses.
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• Cloning of the lilyABC1 Protein Kinase Gene and Its Expression Patterns Under Abiotic Stresses in Lilium regale
• YUAN Ying-Ying-*, LIANG Yun-*, YUAN Su-Xia, XU Lei-Feng, LI Ya-Nan, Younes Pourbeyrami Hir, LIU Chun, MING Jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2446-2454.
• Abstract ( 395 ) HTML ( 1073 ) PDF (883KB) ( 1073 ) 　　　
• LilyABC1，a gene encoding protein kinase，was cloned and its expression patterns in Lilium regale Wilson under abiotic stresses were dissected for the purpose of providing a candidate gene for lily breeding for resistance to various abiotic stresses. Plant material of wild Lilium regale Wilson was used to clone the full-length cDNA sequence of lilyABC1 using RACE technology in combination with cDNA library. A number of appropriate bioinformatics softwares were used to assay the structure of cDNA sequence and the function of deduced lilyABC1. The real-time quantitative PCR（qRT-PCR）method was applied to determine lilyABC1 expression patterns in specific tissues under different abiotic stresses including PEG-6000，NaCl，low temperature，high temperature and darkness. The results showed that thelilyABC1 cDNA was 2 333 bp with a 2 007 bp open readings frame in full-length. The sequence of the lilyABC1 consists of 668 amino acids with a molecular mass of 74.84 kD. The pI value of this protein is 5.46 and containing STYKc conserved domain. The expression levels of lilyABC1 were ranked as leaf > flower bud > bulbs；There was no obvious expression difference among different development stages of the flower buds. The expression of LilyABC1 was up-regulated by NaCl，low temperature，high temperature and darkness，but it was not sensitive to the PEG-6000. Therefore，lilyABC1 might have contributed to its resistance to abiotic stresses such as NaCl，low temperature，high temperature，dark and drought.
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Other Horticulture Plants

• Ultrastructural Studies on the Development of Zygote and Proembryo in Plantago major
• KONG Yan-Hui, SHEN Jia-Heng, LI Wei, WANG Yan-Jie, FAN Qing-Ying, FANG Yu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2455-2464.
• Abstract ( 511 ) HTML ( 899 ) PDF (2957KB) ( 899 ) 　　　
• An experiment was conducted by using TEM to study the ultrastructural changes in zygote and proembryo of Plantago major L. The results were as follows：Embryonic development of Plantago major L. was epilobium type. With the development of zygote，cell wall gradually formed，the volume increased，the polarity inhanced，and starch began to store in plastids. The zygote divided into basal cells and apical cells in first cross division after the primary endosperm nucleus division. Basal cell formed a single line cells after several times division，which developed into suspensor. Apical cell formed embryoid body after several times cell division. There were very large cell nucleus with obvious nucleolus and many variety types of organelles in embryoid body cells. These organelles of embryoid body cells had strong meristematic ability and high metabolic ability. In the early stage of small ball embryo，nutrients were from the storage of zygote，absorption and transport by suspensor. In the early stage to middle stage of small ball embryo，the suspensor tissue developed rapidly by absorping nutrients from integument andtransporting them to embryoid body. In the late period of big ball embryo，suspensor disintegrated and embryonic body peripheral cells absorbed the degradation products of endosperm cells as the nutrients for embryonic development.
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• Cloning and Expression Analysis of Ornithine-δ-aminotransferase Gene Csδ-OAT in Camellia sinensis
• WANG Wei-Dong, SHU Zai-Fa, DU Yu-Lin, LI Xing-Hui, WANG Yu-Hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2465-2473.
• Abstract ( 314 ) HTML ( 798 ) PDF (498KB) ( 798 ) 　　　
• Degenerate primers were designed according to the known conserved regions of Ornithine- δ-aminotransferase gene（δ-OAT），and the complete cDNA sequence of δ-OAT was firstly cloned from Camellia sinensis using RT-PCR and RACE technologies. The cDNA was termed Csδ-OAT（GenBank accession KJ641844）and its full-length was 1 865 bp encoding a protein of 473 amino acids. The molecular weight of Csδ-OAT was 52.3 kD and theoretical isoelectric point was 7.19. The BLAST results showed that the functional domain of Csδ-OAT is highly conserved with a typical PLP binding site. Phylogenetic analysis of plant δ-OAT reveals that the evolution of Csδ-OAT corresponds with traditional biological classification. QRT-PCR analysis results showed that the expression of Csδ-OAT has obvious tissue specificity，and it was higher in flower，followed by leaves，but lower in other tissues. Moreover，we found that the expression of Csδ-OAT is induced by different abiotic stresses，including low- temperature，high salinity，ABA，drought and oxidative stresses，implying that Csδ-OAT is involved in responding to abiotic stress in plants.
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Research Notes

• Genetic Relationships of Diospyros kaki and Related Diospyros Species Using Chloroplast DNA PCR-RFLP Markers
• LIANG Jin-Jun, LIANG Yu-Qin, FU Jian-Min
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2474-2480.
• Abstract ( 404 ) HTML ( 725 ) PDF (522KB) ( 725 ) 　　　
• Five special primer pairs of chloroplast genome were used to amplified chloroplast DNA （cpDNA）regions in 8 Diospyros species including 32 genotypes. The products were digested by seven restriction enzymes. The results showed high interspecific cpDNA variations within the genus Diospyros. Twenty-two D. kaki genotypes were detected no visually variation in this study. D. kaki had closely relationship with‘Jinzaoshi’，followed by D. oleifera，D. artrotricha，D. lotus and D. glaucifolia，but distant from D. virginiana and D. cathayensis in diagram based on the UPGMA cluster analysis by NTSYSpc 2.10e program. Wild persimmon（Zhejiang）is a variety varietas of persimmon. The result showed that wild persimmon（Zhejiang）is not closely similar to D. kaki.
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• Identification of Root-specific Genes with Subtractive Suppression Hybridization from Poncirus trifoliate
• YAO Li-Xiao, HE Yong-Rui, XU Lan-Zhen, LEI Tian-Gang, PENG Ai-Hong, ZOU Xiu-Ping, CHEN Shan-Chun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2481-2488.
• Abstract ( 322 ) HTML ( 993 ) PDF (350KB) ( 993 ) 　　　
• A suppression subtractive hybridization（SSH）library of Poncirus trifoliata was successfully constructed for screening the citrus root-specific genes by using the root RNA as Driver and the leaf one as Tester. Of 1 362 sequenced clones，1 177 ESTs（expressed sequence tags）in good quality were acquired from the SSH library and assembled into 455 Unigenes. Among them，245 Unigenes were homologous with the genes in GenBank database，which have biology function such as catalytic activity，transporter activity，carrier activity and so on. They play the important roles in biology process such as metabolic process，cellular process，developmental process，response to stimulus and so on. The 17 genes were further analyzed by real-time PCR and confirmed that they were highly expressed in the roots，but very low in the leaves. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that they are the major latex protein gene，the early nodulin-like protein gene，the ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase gene and etc.
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• Effect of Organic Acids on Biomass and Physiological Characteristics of Malus hupehensis Seedlings Under Continuous Cropping
• LI Jun-Zhi, WANG Gong-Shuai, HU Yan-Li, CHEN Xue-Sen, MAO Zhi-Quan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2489-2496.
• Abstract ( 380 ) HTML ( 832 ) PDF (278KB) ( 832 ) 　　　
• This experiment was conducted to explore the effect of low molecular weight organic acids on the biomass and physiological characteristics of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings under continuous cropping. Seedlings were grown in pots were treated with oxalic acid，tartaric acid，citric acid，malic acid and the mixture of the these four organic acids. The effects of organic acids on the photosynthetic parameters，the activities of antioxidant enzymes and root system of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings were investigated. Compared with controls，oxalic acid could significantly promote dry and fresh weight of plant by 24.12%，35.72%，respectively. The net photosynthesis rate，stomatal conductance were significantly increased by 32.27%，76.58%，respectively. At the same time，oxalic acid could also significantly improve the activities of POD，and CAT. However tartaric acid remarkably inhibited the stomatal conductance by 40.22%. The activities of SOD and POD were also inhibited，respectively. In conclusion，the oxalic acid could promote the growth of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings and alleviatethe effect of replant disease on seedlings，while the tartaric acid aggravated the effect of replant obstacle on seedlings. The citric acid and malic acid showed no significant influence on replant obstacle for seedlings.
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• Construction of the Intraspecific Genetic Linkage Map and QTL Analysis for Main Agronomic Traits of Capsicum annuum
• DUAN Meng-Meng, WANG Ning, MAO Sheng-Li, ZHANG Zheng-Hai, WANG Li-Hao, ZHANG Bao-Xi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2497-2506.
• Abstract ( 768 ) HTML ( 1178 ) PDF (407KB) ( 1178 ) 　　　
• A intraspecific linkage map of Capsicum annuum was constructed from a recombinant inbred line population of F6 generation with 128 plants，which derived from a small fruit-sized hot pepper line‘Perennial’and a large fruit-sized sweet pepper line‘83-58’. In this map，18 linkage groups were generated with 131 markers（105 SSR markers，23 CAPS markers，1 SCAR marker and 2 morphological markers）. This genetic map covered 633.71 cM with an average intermarker distance of 4.8 cM. The length of linkage groups ranged from 7.07 to 75.16 cM with 3 to 17 markers per linkage group，and the average length reached 35.21 cM. Ten main agronomic taits of this population were collected for QTL mapping with QTL IciMapping V3.2 software，which was based on inclusive composite interval mappingmethod，and an additive effect model ICIM-ADD was selected in the QTL mapping. A total of 20 QTLs of 10 traits（stem length，plant elongation，first flower node，leaf length，leaf width，lateral bud，fruit shape，fruit shape index，fruit width，number of node）were mapped on the genetic map.
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• Identification of Organic or Conventional Lettuce by Nitrogen Isotope
• YAO Zhi-Peng, GUO Zhi-Cheng, LI Yu-Zhong, XU Chun-Ying, LI Qiao-Zhen, FANG Fu-Li
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2507-2512.
• Abstract ( 353 ) HTML ( 850 ) PDF (266KB) ( 850 ) 　　　
• δ15N values of lettuce and soil were studied with different fertilizer conditions to prove the feasibility of using δ15N to discriminate between organic food and conventional food，4 treatments were laid out：Organic fertilizer in traditional broadcast way（N 400 kg ? hm-2），urea in partial fertilization way （N 300 kg ? hm-2），urea in traditional broadcast way（N 400 kg ? hm-2）and the control without fertilizer. The δ15N values of lettuce and soil in 4 treatment were significantly different（P control > urea in partial fertilization way > urea in traditional broadcast way. The temporal variations in the δ15N of lettuce and soils were similar among 4 treatments：Their δ15N values increased rapidly at first，then reduced slowly and stabilized finally. Maximum appeared in 20 days after transplanting. The δ15N value order of different lettuce organs is external part > root > internal part，and the difference is significantly（P < 0.05）. To sum up，the δ15N in inner of lettuce and soil can be used as a marker to reveal the history of nitrogen fertilization. It is useful tool for identifying the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer in the process of lettuce planting.
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• Relationship of Carotenoid Accumulation and Transcript of Main Genes in Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Carrot
• WANG Hui,OU Cheng-Gang , ZHUANG Fei-Yun, ZHAO Zhi-Wei, MA Zhen-Guo
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2513-2520.
• Abstract ( 371 ) HTML ( 1222 ) PDF (411KB) ( 1222 ) 　　　
• The relationship of carotenoid content and expression level of LCYE，LCYB1，CHXE and CHXB1 in the α-carotene，β-carotene branches of carrot root and leaf was investigated with carrot wild species Songzi，orange cultivar Amsterdam and their five backcross inbred lines（BILs）with different color. cDNA sequences analysis revealed several SNP of the four genes exist between Songzi and Amsterdam. Amsterdam leaves had higher levels of α-carotene（87.3 ?g ? g-1）than Songzi leaves（2.8 ?g ? g-1），but the content of β-carotene was higher in Songzi（237.9 ?g ? g-1）than in Amsterdam（122.7 ?g ? g-1）. qRT-PCR results showed that LCYE，LCYB1，CHXE and CHXB1 were functional in roots and leaves，and that the expression of LCYE was positively correlated with α-carotene，β-carotene and total carotenoid content in roots，and negatively correlated with lutein and carotenoid content in leaves，which indicated LCYE playing a key role in carotenoids accumulation.
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• Optimization of Film Coating Antistaling Agent Formula of Cut Tree Peony Flowers Based on Response Surface Methodology
• WANG Yan-Qiao, ZHU Wen-Xue-*, LIU Yun-Hong, FAN Jin-Ling, LUO Lei, DI Hao-Yu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2521-2530.
• Abstract ( 386 ) HTML ( 921 ) PDF (561KB) ( 921 ) 　　　
• To extend the preserving time of the cut tree peony flowers（Paeonia suffruticosa），Box-Behnken center-united experiment was designed concerning three factors（sodium alginate，citric acid and chitosan）on the basis of single-factor test. Then the response surface regression analysis was conducted to obtain the optimium ingredients of cut tree peony flowers coating antistaling agent. Results showed that the optimum proportion for the ingredients were sodium alginate 16.9 g ? L-1，citric acid 3.1 g ? L-1 and chitosan 15.3 g ? L-1. Under these conditions the fresh cut tree peonies were stored at room temperature for a week. Then the total color value（?E）was 2.11，and the water loss rate was 2.01%. Therefore，the ornamental quality of the flowers in the experimental group has been significantly improved compared with that of the control group.
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Discussion

• Discussion on Some Problems of Experimental Operation and Data Analysis in Manuscripts
• ZHAO Hua, HAN Xu, YAO Wei, CHEN Jie, DU Min, WANG Yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2531-2534.
• Abstract ( 426 ) HTML ( 1289 ) PDF (200KB) ( 1289 ) 　　　
• In this paper some problems of experimental operation and data analysis in manuscripts submitted to Acta Horticulturae Sinica are discussed. Such as incorrect mixed sampling，incomplete test data of control，lack of real experimental evidence，abnormal test data without the timely verification and so on. Some suggestions for improvement are also provided.
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• Opportunities and Challenges of Publishing《Horticultural Plant Journal》— English Version of《Acta Horticulturae Sinica》
• WANG Yan-*, CHEN Jie-*, YAO Wei, ZHAO Hua, HAN Xu, DU Min, LIU Li-Li, WANG Xiao-Wu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2535-2538.
• Abstract ( 2516 ) HTML ( 2199 ) PDF (199KB) ( 2199 ) 　　　
• The paper discussed the significance of publishing Horticultural Plant Journal—English version of《Acta Horticulturae Sinica》，and probes the opportunities and challenges of publishing the international scientech journal in horticultural science，put forward the suggestions on orgnization of internationalized editorial committee，obtaining high quality articles，improving the quality of editing and publishing，digital platform construction and so on for publishing high quality international journal.
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New Cultivars

• A New Pear Cultivar‘Huiyuanbai’
• LIU Pu, HENG Wei, JIA Bing, LIU Li, YE Zhen-Feng, ZHU Li-Wu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2539-2540.
• Abstract ( 358 ) HTML ( 755 ) PDF (184KB) ( 755 ) 　　　
• ‘Huiyuanbai’pear is a new cultivar of mid season. The flesh is white，fine textured，juicy，crisp and delicious with very small fruit core. The content of soluble solids，vitamin C，soluble sugar and titratable acid is 11.0%，109.8 mg ? kg-1，8.62% and 0.103%，respectively，and sugar-acid ratio is 83.69. The fruit-shape index is 0.88 and the average fruit weight is 269.7 g. The plant of‘Huiyuanbai’pear has a high resistance to leaf black spot disease and its fruit can be harvested at early August in the Huangshan District，Anhui Province.
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• A New Red-flesh Peach Cultivar‘Boshan Dahong’
• WANG Kai-Fang, ZHANG Jian-Fu, SUN Lei, DI Guo-Feng, QU Yong-Bin, ZHAO Deng-Chao, SUN Dao-Ying
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2541-2542.
• Abstract ( 491 ) HTML ( 674 ) PDF (188KB) ( 674 ) 　　　
• ‘Boshan Dahong’was selected from the open pollinated seedlings of peach. The fruit shape is round，with an average fruit weight 250 g. The flesh is red，crisp，clingstone fleshy good elasticity. The fruit peeled hardness，soluble solids content，titratable acid content and vitamin C content are 13 kg ? cm-2，16.0%，0.153% and 0.0792 mg ? g-1 respectively. It has excellent storage capacity and crack resistance. It ripens in late-July in Dezhou，Shandong. The fruit development period is about 110 d，high yield，strong adaptability.
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• A High Quality and Resistance Wine Grape Cultivar‘Beixi’
• WANG Li-Jun, FAN Pei-Ge, WU Ben-Hong, DUAN Wei, YANG Mei-Rong, LI Sheng-Chen, LIANG Zhen-Chang, XIN Hai-Ping, KUANG Yang-Fu, GUO Jun-Jun, LI Qian-Juan, LIAO Xuan-Feng, LI Shao-Hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2543-2544.
• Abstract ( 384 ) HTML ( 671 ) PDF (195KB) ( 671 ) 　　　
• ‘Beixi’is derived from‘Muscat Hamburg’（Vitis vinifera L.） and V. amurensis. Berries mature at the end of September in Beijing. The fruit cluster is round or oval，purple black or blue black，weighing 137.9 g on average. The average weight of single berry is 2.24 g. The flesh is soft with 23.8% soluble solids content，0.52% titratable acid content and production of juice 67.4%. It has high resistance to cold and diseases. The red wine produced is deep ruby red with aromas of blackcurrant and blueberry. This well balanced wine presents a good structure，and is smooth and round in mouth with a long aftertaste.
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• A New Strawberry Cultivar‘Shimei 8’
• YANG Lei, LI Li, YANG Li, ZHANG Jian-Jun, YANG Qiu-Ye, ZHANG Mei-Shen, YAN Jin-E
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2545-2546.
• Abstract ( 424 ) HTML ( 805 ) PDF (158KB) ( 805 ) 　　　
• The fruit of‘Shimei 8’strawberry is conical，bright red and shiny. The sepals were comparatively easy to removed，the first grade fruit weight is 42.7 g，the second grade fruit weight is 23.6 g. Fruit flesh is orange red，dense and flesh is delicate，fragrant sweet and sour. The soluble solids content is 10.3%. The fruit firmness is 0.549 kg ? cm-2. It has good shipping quality. The yield of per plant is up to 444.5 g. It is suitable for open cultivation and semi-forcing culture. It is suitable for fresh and processing of fruit juice，jam.
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• A New Edible Ornamental Plum Cultivar‘Yipin Danfeng’
• LU Zhi-Cheng, LI Feng, ZHANG Jing-Ru, ZHANG Yan-Bo, SONG Hong-Wei, ZHAO Chen-Hui, SUN Hai-Long
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2547-2548.
• Abstract ( 402 ) HTML ( 734 ) PDF (215KB) ( 734 ) 　　　
• ‘Yipin Danfeng’is a new plum cultivar which originated from a cross-combination ‘Kongquedan Shishengli’with‘Changchun Caiyeli’. Its fruit is round in shape with a flat top. The average single fruit weight is 15.9 g. The fruit peel is purplish red. The color of flesh is red. The flesh texture is spongy with rich juice and fine fiber. The fruit taste sour and sweet. The soluble solids content of fruit is 14.7% in the initial mature stage and it is up to 20% in the middle of September. The total acid content is 0.753%. The color of leaves and annual shoots is red.‘Yipin Danfeng’is an excellent edible ornamental cultivar with good comprehensive characters including high and stable yield and strong cold resistance.
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• A New Flowering Garlic Cultivar‘Zixing’
• JIANG Shou-Yang, DING Yu-Mei, ZHONG Sha, CHENG Xiao-Jing, HAN Shu, CHEN Li-Zhi, YANG Zheng-An
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2549-2550.
• Abstract ( 413 ) HTML ( 1131 ) PDF (190KB) ( 1131 ) 　　　
• ‘Zixing’is a new cultivar of flowering variation which was breeding from the local garlic varieties planted by the farmers in Baoshan City，Yunnan Province. Its scape is erect and rigid，flowers are large and about 10 cm in diameter，and sepals are purple red，which have a very high ornamental value. Its plant grows vigorously，and which is suitable for open cultivation.
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• A New Phalaenopsis Cultivar‘Xiangfeng’
• Lü Fu-Bing , CHEN He-Ming, ZHU Gen-Fa, XIAO Wen-Fang, YOU Yi, LI Zuo
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2551-2552.
• Abstract ( 328 ) HTML ( 692 ) PDF (181KB) ( 692 ) 　　　
• ‘Xiangfeng’is a new cultivar of Phalaenopsis with deep purple color，big flower type which is derived from the crossing Phalaenopsis‘Jiuhbao Red Rose’and Phalaenopsis Ben Yu Star‘Red Dragon’. There are about 8.5 flowers in main inflorescence and 9.0 flowers on the whole which have round and good arrangement，the average diameter of flower is 9.2 cm. When cultured in greenhouse，first flowering is in mid February and blooming is in February and March.
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• A New Ulmus pumila Cultivar‘Yangguang Nanhai’
• YAN Shu-Fang-*, HUANG Yin-Ran, ZHANG Jun-Ying, LIU Yi-Chao, YANG Yu-Mei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2553-2554.
• Abstract ( 497 ) HTML ( 747 ) PDF (203KB) ( 747 ) 　　　
• Ulmus pumila L.‘Yangguang Nanhai’is a new ornamental tree which is selected from the descendant population of U. pumila by Hebei Academy of Forestry Sciences. U. pumila‘Yangguang Nanhai’is deciduous trees，with straight trunk and long oval crown．The leaves are large，thick，8.5–12.5 cm long，4.5–6.5 cm width，with bristles on the rough surface. One year old branch is red-brown. The branches are obliquely upward and sparse. The young trees bark is celadon，smooth，lenticels clear，no longitudinal crack. This cultivar is suitable in northeast，northwest，north and coastal regions of China etc. to grow．
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• A New Cultivar of Schisandra chinensis‘Yanhong’
• WANG Zhen-Xing, AI Jun-*, ZHANG Qing-Tian, FAN Shu-Tian, YANG Yi-Ming, QIN Hong-Yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2555-2556.
• Abstract ( 382 ) HTML ( 688 ) PDF (458KB) ( 688 ) 　　　
• ‘Yanhong’is a new cultivar which was selected from wild Schisandra chinensis（Turcz.）Baill. The fruits mature in early September. The fruit cluster weight is 18.07 g，the fruit is sphere and crimson. The average berry weight is 0.59 g，the fruit soluble solids content is 13.5%，reducing sugar content is 5.63%，the fruit total acid is 6.42%，and the fruit juice rate is 58.4%. The fruits are suitable for pharmaceutical and juice.
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• A New Flowering Garlic Cultivar‘Zixing’
• YAN Zhi-Gang, MA Xiao-Jun, FENG Shi-Xin, DONG Qing-Song, TU Dong-Ping, ZHOU Xiao-Lei, YUAN Jing-Quan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2014, 41(12): 2557-2558.
• Abstract ( 351 ) HTML ( 1134 ) PDF (169KB) ( 1134 ) 　　　
• ‘Rongshan 2’is a new Huperzia serrata cultivar derived by system selection and single- plant selection from 25 germplasms. It has many excellent characteristics，such as high yield of 3.89 g per plant with 0.0714% huperzine A on average.
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