Fruit Trees

• Construction of a Divalent Plant Binary Expression Vector MhT2AC from Malus hupehensis and Analysis of Salinity Tolerance in the Tobacco Transformants
• ZHANG Ji-yu;WANG San-hong;QIAO Yu-shan;QU Shen-chun;GUO Zhong-ren;and ZHANG Zhen;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 1-12.
• Abstract ( 1655 ) HTML ( 1437 ) PDF (1881KB) ( 1437 ) 　　　
• The plant binary expression vector containing the divalent genes of MhTGA2 and Mhchitl isolated from Malus hupehensis and fused in a single open reading frame（ORF）by foot and mouth disease virus（FMDV）were constructed. The vector was then introduced into tobacco via Agrobacterium-mediated. The expression of NtSOD，NtAPX and NtPPO genes were detected and salinity tolerance was evaluated in the tobacco transformants. The results showed that we successfully constructed a plant binary expression vector with bivalent fusion and denoted it as MhT2AC. The MhTGA2 gene and the Mhchitl gene were co-expression in the transformants. Comparing with the controls，the expression of NtSOD，NtAPX and NtPPO genes were enhanced in transgenic lines. Moreover，the salinity tolerance of the T₁ transformants were significantly improved.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Cloning and Functional Analysis of PbzsREMORIN Gene Related to Venturia nashicola Resistance in‘Zaosuli’Pear
• FU Zhen-fang;YAO Chun-chao;ZHANG Chao-hong;and WANG Yue-jin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 13-22.
• Abstract ( 1870 ) HTML ( 2171 ) PDF (2181KB) ( 2171 ) 　　　
• Apathogen-inducible expression gene fragment，from a previously constructed Suppression Subtractive Hybridization（SSH）cDNA library of‘Zaosuli’pear，was selected to obtain the full length of cDNA by RACE technique. The obtained cDNA，designated PbzsREMORIN，was 897 bp in length with a 597 bp open reading frame（ORF）and encoded 198 amino acid residues. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that PbzsREMORIN possesses a conserved domain of remorin family genes. The result from real-time RT-PCR assay revealed that the target gene was induced by Venturia nashicola. Moreover，the PbzsREMORIN gene was fused with GFP and transferred into onion epidermal cells via particle bombardment. Transient expression assay demonstrated that the PbzsREMORIN protein was located in the cell membrane，cytoplasm and nucleus. The PbzsREMORIN gene was transferred into Nicotiana tabacum ‘NC89’and totally obtained 27 transgenic lines. Analysis of in-vitro transgenic tobacco leaves with Ralstonia solanacearum suggested that overexpression of PbzsREMORIN gene in tobacco increased resistance to R. solanacearum，which indicated that the gene may play a critical role in plant-pathogen interaction.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• The Mechanism Analysis of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Red Chinese Sand Pears Enhanced by Wounded Treatments
• ZHANG Dong;YU Bo;QIAN Min-jie;WANG Su-ke;LI Xiu-gen;and TENG Yuan-wen;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 23-30.
• Abstract ( 1880 ) HTML ( 1829 ) PDF (1428KB) ( 1829 ) 　　　
• Effects of wounded treatments on post-harvest coloration and related physiology and gene expression in red Chinese sand pear（Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai）‘Mantianhong’were studied. Results showed that wounded treatments decreased fruit firmness，increased ethylene production rate of fruit，enhanced post-harvest anthocyanin accumulation in injured part of red Chinese sand pear，and up-regulated the transcript level of anthocyanin biosynthetic related genes：PpF3H，PpANS，PpUFGT and PyMYB10，markedly. Ethylene production of control fruit was under the detection limit，and only a trace amount of anthocyanin was detected in control fruit. Results above indicated that ethylene might be involved in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in red Chinese sand pear，and improve the level of anthocyanin accumulation in red Chinese sand pear. It was suggested that wounded treatments could be used as a mean to better understand the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in fruits.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• The Activity and Gene Expression of Polygalacturonase，Glycosidase and Lipoxygenase in Postharvest‘Jingbaili’Pear Fruit
• WEI Jian-mei;QI Xiu-dong;ZHANG Hai-e;RAN Xin-tuo;and YUE Wen-quan;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 31-39.
• Abstract ( 2346 ) HTML ( 1987 ) PDF (784KB) ( 1987 ) 　　　
• In this paper，the fruit of‘Jingbaili’pear was used to measure the changes in activity and gene expression of polygalacturonase（PG），glycosidase（β-Gal，α-L-Af）and lipoxygenase（LOX）after being respectively treated by 1-MCP and cold storage，in order to explore their roles and inter-relationship during fruit softening. The results showed that there was a softening trend with slow（within 3 d of harvest）–fast（3–9 d of harvest）–slow（after 9 d of harvest）in‘Jingbaili’pear fruit，and the activity and gene expression of PG，β-Gal，α-L-Af and LOX increased in varying degrees with fruit softening. β-Gal and LOX activity showed a rapid rising within 3 days after harvest，and accompanied by the rapidly increasing in both gene expression，which indicating that both β-Gal and LOX may play a very important role at early softening stage in‘Jingbaili’pear fruit. Both 1-MCP treatment and cold storage could significantly inhibit the activity and gene expression of β-Gal，α-L-Af，LOX and PG，and thus delayed the fruit softening. What，s more，1-MCP treatment may play stronger inhibition in the activity and gene expression of β-Gal and LOX，particularly at early time of 1-MCP treatment. Cold storage could maintain the initial activity in both PG and β-Gal during storage，while mainly inhibit their gene expressions at early stage. The activity and gene expression of LOX maintained very low level under cold storage，indicating LOX was more sensitive to low temperature than other three enzymes. Therefore，it was concluded that PG，β-Gal，α-L-Af and LOX were all involved in fruit softening to varying degrees，among which both β-Gal and LOX maybe take more contribution to early softening stage. We think that 1-MCP treatment play a more important role in fruit softening by inhibiting the activity and gene expression of both β-Gal and LOX，and cold storage delay fruit softening mainly due to inhibiting the LOX activity and gene expression in‘Jingbaili’pear fruit.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Cloning and Expression Analysis of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Gene FaNCED in Strawberry
• ZHU Hai-sheng;LI Yong-ping;HUA Xiu-feng;and WEN Qing-fang;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 40-48.
• Abstract ( 2532 ) HTML ( 1957 ) PDF (2065KB) ( 1957 ) 　　　
• The FaNCED gene cDNA sequence was cloned from strawberry fruit（Fragaria × ananassa）using RT-PCR and RACE techniques. The cDNA sequence consists of 2 228 bp with an intact open reading frame of 1 827 bp，encoding a polypeptide of 609 amino acids. Homology analysis showed that the deduced NCED protein was highly homologous to other NCED proteins from different plant species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that FaNCED and NCED of Malus hupehensis was gather to a same group and was more related to other NCED of nonclimacteric fruits including orange，lemon，Wenzhou pomelo and grape. Real-time PCR analysis revealed FaNCED could be expressed in different strawberry tissues including root，stem，leaf，calyx and fruit. The expression level of FaNCED has two peak during the whole period of strawberry fruit development and reached the maximum at the red ripening stage. The expression level of FaNCED gene decreased 1 d after harvest，but sharply increased later on. ABA content was consistent with the expression level of FaNCED. FaNCED may participate in ABA biosynthesis and play a role in the fruit ripening.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Effects of Phenolic Compounds on the Growth and Key Enzymes in Respiration of Cerasus sachalinensis
• Lü De-guo;LI Zhi-xia;QIN Si-jun;and MA Huai-yu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 49-56.
• Abstract ( 1946 ) HTML ( 1314 ) PDF (728KB) ( 1314 ) 　　　
• Effects of two phenolic compounds（p-hydroxybenzoic acid and coumarin）on growth and pivotal respiratory indicators were studied using Cerasus sachalinensis Kom. seedlings as materials. The results showed that the growth of C. sachalinensis seedlings was highly promoted by low concentration of coumarin，and which also enhanced the PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency，respiratory substrate content，pyruvate content of metabolic intermediates and MDH activity. However，the key enzyme activities of EMP and PPP were not affected. Coumarin at high concentrations showed inhibitions to seedlings，while brought the PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency，starch contents，IDH activities and PFK activities down. p-hydroxybenzoic acid and the mixed solution of the two compounds at the 3 testing concentrations（0.1，1.0 and 10 mmol · L-1） both restrained seedling growth at certain extent. Contents of citric acid were reduced and key enzyme activities of PPP were improved. The PSⅡ maximum photochemical efficiency and respiratory substrate content were not changed by low concentration of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. However，pyruvate content，HK，PK，SDH activities were promoted. On the contrary，IDH，MDH activities were lowered. p-hydroxybenzoic acid at high concentrations showed suppressions on PSⅡmaximum photochemical efficiency，respiratory substrate contents，respiratory intermediates contents，and PFK，PK，IDH，MDH activities，but enhancement on HK activity.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Morphological and Anatomical Analysis of Pineapple Somatic Embryogenesis　　
• HE Ye-hua;FANG Shao-qiu;HU Zhong-yi;MA Jun;LUO Ji;WU Cheng-hou;CAO Li;LU Min;and CHEN Cheng-jie
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 57-63.
• Abstract ( 2600 ) HTML ( 2597 ) PDF (2486KB) ( 2597 ) 　　　
• Paraffin dissections of the structural and morphological changes during somatic embryogenesis were studied using callus tissue from Ananas comosus‘Shenwan’as material. Results showed the pineapple somatic embryogenesis can be divided into 5 phases，proembryo，globular embryo，pear embryo，bamboo shoot embryo and mature embryo. Proembryo is the multicellular structure formed by differentiation and division of embryogenic cells，club or spindle shaped，with the diameter of 50–200 μm，grey，uniform，no structural differentiation. Globular embryo is similar to a sphere with a diameter of 200–500 μm，differentiation starts at this phase and some vascular tissue were observed at the end stage of globular phase. Pyriform embryo is about 600–1 000 μm long，with different diameters between upperand lower ends，which resembles the shape of a pear，it has the largest diameter in the middle lower section (c. 400–800 μm)，and bipolarity is already showed in this phase. Bamboo shoot embryo has a resemblance to the bamboo shoot，with a length of c. 1 000–2 000 μm，the largest diameter is about 600–1 000 μm in the lower section. The cotyledon primordium，coleoptile primordium and plumule primordium are already visible at the later stage of bamboo shoot embryo. Mature embryo is about 2 000–4 000 μm long，the largest diameter is about 1 000–1 500 μm in the lower section. Cotyledon，coleoptile，leaf primordium and cotyledon growing point are shown in plumule，however，the differentiation of radical is slow，with a layer of coleorhizae tissues covering it. Both plumule and radical are endogenous，with collar-shaped cotyledon and the sheath like first leaf（coleoptiles），short hypocotyls，rosette-shaped leaf primordium on the top of hypocotyls are demonstrated as the characteristics of pineapple somatic embryo.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Cloning of the Small Coat Protein Gene，Prokaryotic Expression and Antiserum Preparation of Satsuma dwarf virus
• WU Gai-xia;LI Ting-ting;SUN Xian-chao;;and QING Ling
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 64-72.
• Abstract ( 1956 ) HTML ( 1800 ) PDF (1656KB) ( 1800 ) 　　　
• The 3′ terminal of SDV（Satsuma dwarf virus）RNA2 was amplified from two plants of Miyamoto Satsuma mandarin from Fengjie in Chongqing by RT-PCR. The amplified fragments are 975 bp in size and share 98.7% and 98.4% nucleotide identities with that of SDV S-58，respectively. The small coat protein（CPS）gene with a size 654 bp of SDV-FJ was amplified from the plasmid containing the SDV RNA2 3′ terminal by PCR and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector of PGEX-6p-1 to construct a recombinant vector named PGEX-CPS. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coil BL21 to express the GST-CPS protein in the optimized condition. GST-CPS protein was purified to immunize rabbit for preparing anti-CPS antibody. The results showed that the 42 kD GST-CPS protein was successfully expressed in E. coil BL21 induced with 0.3 mmol · L-1 IPTG at 28 ℃. Anti-CPS antibody with the title of 1/12 800 was obtained from the rabbit immunized with the purified GST-CPS protein. The result of tissue bolt with the anti-CPS antibody showed that the base of petiole contain more SDV than other tested tissues of infected Miyamoto Satsuma mandarin.
• Related Articles | Metrics

Vegetables

• Effect of Rotating Different Vegetables on Micro-biomass and Enzyme in Tomato Continuous Cropped Substrate and Afterculture Tomato Under Plastic Tunnel Cultivation
• LI Wei;CHENG Zhi-hui;MENG Huan-wen;ZHOU Jing;LIANG Jing;and LIU Xue-jiao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 73-80.
• Abstract ( 1925 ) HTML ( 1787 ) PDF (673KB) ( 1787 ) 　　　
• Garlic seedling，no-heading Chinese cabbage or leaf lettuce was rotated with two season continuous cropping tomato during winter fallow season under plastic tunnel substrate cultivation. Microorganism groups，biomass and enzyme activity of the rotated substrate and yield and root vigor of afterculture tomato were measured to test the effect of rotating different vegetables on preventing of the continuous cropping obstacle of tomato. It showed that rotating with garlic seedling，no-heading Chinese cabbage and leaf lettuce significantly increased the number of total micro-biomass，bacteria number and ratio of bacteria to fungus in substrate. However the number of fungus decreased. Besides，relatively higher level of sucrase，urease，alkaline phosphatase and catalase activity in the substrate was recorded in all the rotating treatments. Among the three vegetables，garlic seedling showed the best rotating effect on microorganism group and enzyme activity of substrate and yield and root vigor of the after culture tomato during the whole growth season. In conclusion，rotating vegetables in substrate can improve the microorganism environment，increase the enzyme activity，and prevent the obstacle of continuous cropping of tomato and increase the harvest of rotating vegetables.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Effect of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Nitrogen Assimilation of Cucumber Seedling Under Drought Stress
• HAO Jing-hong;YI Yang;SHANG Qing-mao;DONG Chun-juan;and ZHANG Zhi-gang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 81-90.
• Abstract ( 2356 ) HTML ( 2437 ) PDF (767KB) ( 2437 ) 　　　
• A pot experiment was conducted under adequate water and different drought stress combined with or without rhizosphere application of Salicylic acid（SA）to investigate the effect of exogenous SA on nitrogenous compounds and the related enzymes in cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）seedlings under different drought stress treatments．Results showed that total nitrogen and soluble protein content，nitrate reductase（NR）and glutamine synthetase（GS）activities declined under drought stress，while the content of inorganic nitrogen and free amino acid increased，and the changes were more pronounced as the stress strengthening and time prolonging．Exogenous application of 0.1 mmol · L-1 SA in the condition of drought stress significantly increased the activities of NR and GS，the content of total nitrogen and soluble protein，while decreased the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen．Also，the content of free amino acid in the early period of drought stress was enhanced after SA application．Compared with no SA treatments，NR and GS activities in SA treatments increased significantly under slight（19.63% and 12.62%）and heavy（21.92% and 12.72%）drought stress．The above results suggested that SA enhanced the ability of nitrogen reduction and assimilation under drought stress，which might be a key reason for improving the drought tolerance of plants.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Overexpression of Cucumber CsTRY Greatly Represses Trichome Formation in Arabidopsis
• TAN Zheng;GUO Fang;YANG Fu-qiang;LIU Li-ying;ZHANG Xiao-lan;and REN Hua-zhong;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 91-100.
• Abstract ( 2101 ) HTML ( 2060 ) PDF (2268KB) ( 2060 ) 　　　
• Using the sequence information of trichome regulating genes TRIPTYCHON（TRY），CAPRICE（CPC）and ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC1（ETC1）in Arabidopsis to perform BLAST analysis against Cucumber Genome Database. We find that TRY，CPC and ETC1 all result in the same hit CsTRY in the cucumber genome. Overexpression of CsTRY in Arabidopsis greatly decrease the number of trichomes on the leaves，and significantly reduce the expression of trichome initiating gene GLABRA2（GL2），indicating that CsTRY may have the conserved function as Arabidopsis TRY，which inhibits trichome formation through reducing GL2 expression resulting from inhibition of the GL1-GL3/EGL3-TTG1 complex formation.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Determination of Sulforaphane by High Performance Liquid Chromato- graphy and Genetic Analysis of DH Population in Broccoli Florets
• LI Zhan-sheng;LIU Yu-mei;FANG Zhi-yuan;YANG Li-mei;ZHUANG Mu;ZHANG Yang-yong;YUAN Su-xia;ZHAO Wen;LIU Er-yan;and SUN Pei-tian
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 101-108.
• Abstract ( 2001 ) HTML ( 1449 ) PDF (691KB) ( 1449 ) 　　　
• A doubled haploid（DH）population derived from broccoli combination of inbred lines 86101 and 90196 was used to investigate the inheritance of sulforaphane content in broccoli（Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Planch.）florets by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）and mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model. The population consists of 176 DH lines was obtained by F1 microspore culture，and the trial was set by random complete block design with three replications. The optimal model was three major genes plus polygenes. The heritability of major genes and polygenes was 89.28% and 2.58% individually which showed major genes had a key role in controlling sulforaphane content. At the same time，major genes followed addictive effect and epistatic effect.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Effects of Boron on the Formation of Onion-type Garlic and Its Change of Physiological Characteristics
• ZHANG Tao;LIU Shi-qi;SUN Qi;CHEN Xiang-wei;LIU Ying-ying;and SONG Xiao-hong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 109-118.
• Abstract ( 2162 ) HTML ( 1322 ) PDF (709KB) ( 1322 ) 　　　
• Effect of different boron levels on the occurring rate of onion-type garlic and its change of physiological-biochemical index were studied by nutrient solution. The results showed that the onion-type garlic can be induced when boron content were 0 or 1.5 mg · L-1，as well as fresh and dry weight of bulb decreased at these concentrations. However，when the boron content were 0.5 and 1.0 mg · L-1 in nutrient solution the onion-type garlic can be prevented. Compared with normal plants，the onion-type garlic senescence was slower. During the late growing stage of bulb，the boron content，photosynthetic pigment contents，photosynthetic parameter（Pn，Tr，Gs）and the activity of protection enzyme（POD，CAT，SOD）in leaf were higher than the normal plants which in the same condition as the onion-type garlic. It can be respectively increased the content of soluble sugar，soluble protein and free amino acids which include in leaf laminas and pseudostems of onion-type garlic，when the boron in nutrient solution were 0 mg · L-1 and 1.5 mg · L-1. And on these concentrations，the content of soluble sugar，soluble protein and free amino acids in bulb reduced by 30.45% and 51.99%，152.26% and 258.34%，82.01% and 56.09%.
• Related Articles | Metrics

Ornamental Plants

• Characterization of Rh-ADF1 in Ethylene-regulated Petal Expansion in Roses
• CHEN Xiang;TIAN Ji;YI Gen-fa;PEI Hai-xia;LI Jing;CHEN Ji-wei;MA Nan;ZUO Zhi-rui;and GAO Jun-ping;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 119-126.
• Abstract ( 2821 ) HTML ( 1974 ) PDF (4257KB) ( 1974 ) 　　　
• In the present work，we isolated an ADF gene（actin depolymerizing factor）from petals of roses（Rosa hybrid‘Samantha’）and named it as Rh-ADF1 with accession NO. JN048105 and deposited in GenBank datebase. The cDNA full length of Rh-ADF1 contains an open reading frame with 423 bp in length，encoding a protein of 140 amino acids. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that expression level of Rh-ADF1 was slightly higher in petals than other four floral organs，including sepals，gynoecia，androecia，receptacles. The accumulation of Rh-ADF1 transcripts was strongly increased by ethylene in petals，and was obviously suppressed by 1-MCP，an action inhibitor of ethylene. Transient expression of GFP-Rh-ADF1 fusion gene in onion epidermal cells showed that Rh-ADF1 protein distributedubiquitously in the cell，while it preferentially located on filament networks of actins. Together，our results suggested that Rh-ADF1 may be involved in ethylene-regulated petal cell expansion at transcriptional level.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Isolation and Expression Analysis of Exo70A1 of Ornamental Kale
• YANG Jia;LAN Xing-guo;HAO Ai-xin;and LI Yu-hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 127-135.
• Abstract ( 1874 ) HTML ( 1687 ) PDF (1338KB) ( 1687 ) 　　　
• The Exo70A1 gene（BoExo70A1）was isolated from stigma of ornamental kale（Brassica oleracea var. acephala）S13-b homozygotes，whose GenBank accession number is JF919716. BoExo70A1 cDNA was 2 184 bp in the full length，which contained a 5′-untranslated region（5′-UTR）of 56 bp，a 3′-UTR of 211 bp，and an opening reading frame of 1 917 bp encoding a 638 predicted amino acids residue protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of BoExo70A1 shared 99% and 94% identity with Brassica napus Exo70A1 and Arabidopsis thaliana Exo70A1，respectively. The genomic structure of BoExo70A1 contained 12 exons and 11 introns with boundary sequences of GT at 5′ site and AG at 3′ site，which complied with the typical‘GU-AG rule’in plants. Southern hybridization analysis showed that there were multiple copies of BoExo70A1 gene in genome. Northern hybridization analysis showed that the BoExo70A1 was ubiquitous expressed in stem，petal，anther，stigma，style and ovary，as well as a relative low expression in leaf.
• Related Articles | Metrics

Research Notes

• Genetic Mapping and QTL Analysis for Fruit Color in Sweet Cherry Using the Intra-specific Crossing‘Rainier’ב8-100’
• GAO Ping;ZHENG Wei;FENG Ying;LI Yu-tao;PAN Feng-rong;and CAI Yu-liang;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 135-142.
• Abstract ( 2034 ) HTML ( 1723 ) PDF (805KB) ( 1723 ) 　　　
• A genetic linkage map was constructed using a F1 population comprising 90 seedlings from a crossing between a sweet and yellow with red flush skin color cherry（Prunus avium L.）cultivar ‘Rainier’crossed with a red skin selection（Prunus avium L.）‘8-100’. This map included 50 genetic markers，including 30 RAPD markers，15 ISSR makers and 5 pairs SSR makers mapped in the eight linkage groups. The map covered 634.67 cM with an average gentic distance of 12.69 cM. QTL analysis was performed using the software of‘QTL Network’（version 2.0）based on the mixed 1inear model. Two additive QTLs and one pair of epistatic effects were detected，which were located on chromosomes chr1 and chr7. The additive QTL effects on Chr1 were detected for the fruit color which explained 32.28% and on Chr7 which explained 47.52% of the total phenotypic variation. The epistatic effects between Chr1 and Chr7 explained 37.87% of the total phenotypic variation. We did not find any interaction betweenenvironment and additive effect or epistatic effect. The results showed that both additive and epistatic effect played an important role on phenotypic variation of cherry fruit color and inheritance of cherry red fruit color was mainly controlled by the red fruit color gene.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Cloning and Expression Analysis of PaGAI gene of DELLA Protein from Prunus avium
• ZHONG Fei;SHEN Xin-jie;LIU Fang;YUAN Hua-zhao;LIU Lan-ying;and LI Tian-hong;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 143-150.
• Abstract ( 2407 ) HTML ( 2036 ) PDF (2176KB) ( 2036 ) 　　　
• DELLA protein is a key negative regulation factor of gibberellins（GAs）signal transduction pathway. A whole cDNA sequence of DELLA protein gene，named PaGAI，was cloned from Prunus avium L. tender leaves using RT-PCR and RACE-PCR. The cDNA of PaGAI had a length of 2 310 bp and contain an opening-reading frame（ORF）of 1 788 bp，which was supposed to encode a 595 amino-acid residues polypeptide of 64 kD. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the protein encoded by PaGAI had a conservative structural domain of DELLA protein. It had two strict conservative amino acid domains DELLA and VHYNP in the N terminal and three repression regions of VHVID，RVER and SAW in the C terminal. PaGAI，with high homologous with the DELLA proteins in some other plants，and showed the highest homology of 84% with Malus domestica. The prokaryotic expression system of pGEX-4T-1/PaGAI was constructed and transformated into E. coli BL21，and the protein expression was induced by 0.5 mmol · L-1 IPTG and a 91 kD fusion protein was detected by SDS-PAGE. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that PaGAI widely expressed in flower，fruit，leaf and phloem，and PaGAI in the expression of flower and phloem is much stronger than in fruit and leaf.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Pyrus ussuriensis‘Xiaoxiangshui’During Ripening
• LI Guo-peng;JIA Hui-juan;WANG Qiang;ZHANG Mao-jun;and TENG Yuan-wen;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 151-158.
• Abstract ( 1453 ) HTML ( 1176 ) PDF (706KB) ( 1176 ) 　　　
• The volatile compounds of‘Xiaoxiangshui’pear（Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.）from different ripening stages were extracted by headspace solidphase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer. The results showed that the volatile components increased during ripening not only in numbers but also in contents. Thirty-eight volatile compounds were detected at different ripening stages，of which 15 constituents were the common volatiles for different ripening stages. Ester was predominant among the volatile profile and increased dramatically during ripening，and reached the peak at 9 d. Ten character impact compounds including aldehydes and esters were identified. The odor values of ethyl 2-methylbutanoat，ethyl hexanoate and ethyl butanoate contributed were 668.09，279.58 and 190.60，respectively.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Preliminary Study on the Action of the Mineral Element Fe in Fruit Calyx Development of‘Dangshan Suli’Pear
• JIA Bing;ZHU Li-wu;and ZHANG Shao-ling;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 159-167.
• Abstract ( 2278 ) HTML ( 1625 ) PDF (933KB) ( 1625 ) 　　　
• To discuss the relationship between mineral nutrient and pear fruit calyx persistency or shedding，the pear cultivar‘Dangshan Suli’was used as experiment materials，and the mineral elements contents in fruitlet and its calyx were tested during 5 d to 25 d after full bloom，the demand on different mineral elements for the young fruit and sepals growth were studied. The effect of Fe to fruit sepal’s growth was discussed by spraying of GA3，PP333 and FeSO4 at the full bloom stage. The correlation analysis was carried out in mineral and chlorophyll contents in fruitlet sepals. The results showed that the Fe content difference between in fruitlet and in its calyx whose Fe content was 6.13 times higher than that in fruitlet was the biggest among the tested nine mineral elements. During the sepal developing process，the iron demands were obviously higher than the fruitlets but at the same time of less demands for other mineral elements. The percentage of calyx persistency fruit，Fe content in fruitlet and its calyx were all increased under the spraying of 400 mg · L-1 GA3. On the contrary，the percentage of calyx persistency fruit and the Fe content were decreased under the treatment of 2 500 mg · L-1 PP333，otherwisely，the calyx persistency fruit percentage was increased after spraying 0.3% FeSO4 solution too. So it was postulated that the sufficient Fe content was the guarantees to both fruit calyx development and the fruit calyx persistency. There was a positive correlation between Fe and Chl.a content dynamic changes in fruitlet calyx，it indicated that the abundant of Fe was probably used for Chl.a synthesis.　　
• Related Articles | Metrics

• SSR Mining in Pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）Transcriptome and the Polymorphism Analysis
• LIU Feng;WANG Yun-sheng;TIAN Xue-liang;MAO Zhen-chuan;ZOU Xue-xiao;and XIE Bing-yan;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 168-174.
• Abstract ( 2591 ) HTML ( 3576 ) PDF (856KB) ( 3576 ) 　　　
• In this study，we investigated 221 037 unigenes（97.3 Mb）from two transcriptome in pepper using SSR finding soft. In total，17 319（7.83%）SSRs were identified from these SSR-containing unique ESTs with the occurring frequency of 1/56 kb. Among，single nucleotide type（56.30%）is the most abundant，followed by di-（19.16%），tri-（23.18%）. A total of 10 468 primer pairs were successfully designed and 1 538 primer pairs exhibited polymorphism by E-PCR 19 out of 20 primer pairs selected at random yielded amplification products，of which 7 primer pairs showed polymorphism among 10 different pepper varieties，PIC ranged from 0.33–0.89，average 0.67，and 10 pepper breeds were grouped into three classes. This results indicate that molecular markers will be more usable in map structure，analysis of genetic polymorphism in pepper.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• Effects of High Temperature on PSII and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities in Heat-Tolerant Scallion
• LIANG Xue;YAN Kun;LIANG Yan;ZHANG Wen-Ting;WEI You-ying;DONG Xin-chun;MENG Qing-Wei;and ZHAO Shi-Jie;
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 175-181.
• Abstract ( 2095 ) HTML ( 1509 ) PDF (700KB) ( 1509 ) 　　　
• Using‘Zhangqiu Dacong’scallion as control，changes of malondialdehyde（MDA）content，electrolyte leakage，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities were studied in leaves of heat-tolerant scallion，‘Chunwei’，‘Jiye Wanchou’And‘Changyue’，at 25–50 ℃. The results showed that the extent of decrease in the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ and of the increase in electrolyte leakage in leaves of the heat-tolerant scallion was less than that in leaves of the ‘Zhangqiu Dacong’scallion at high temperature，indicating that the thermostability of photosystem Ⅱ and cell membrane was higher in the heat-tolerant scallion than that in the‘Zhangqiu Dacong’scallion. At high temperature，the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），catalase（CAT）and ascorbate peroxidase（APX）increased in leaves of the heat-tolerant scallion and‘Zhangqiu Dacong’scallion，but the increase extent was greater in the summer scallion，which suggests that heat-tolerant scallion had a higher antioxidant capacity than the‘Zhangqiu Dacong’scallion did. Having higher antioxidant ability is one of the reasons for higher heat tolerance in the leaves of heat-tolerant scallion.
• Related Articles | Metrics

Review

• Progress on Molecular Breeding for Grape Disease Resistance
• LI Hui-e and GUO Qi-qiang（Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College;Nyingchi;Tibet 0000;China）
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 182-190.
• Abstract ( 2017 ) HTML ( 5906 ) PDF (670KB) ( 5906 ) 　　　
• Marker-assisted selection significantly facilitates breeding of new resistant grape varieties，which is widely used in recent years. In addition，with identification and isolation of more and more resistant genes from grape，genetic modification for disease resistance has obtained some preliminary achievements. Progress and achievements of molecular breeding for grape disease resistance have been reviewed. Meanwhile，the problems present was also analyzed and discussed.
• Related Articles | Metrics

New Cultivars

• A New Apple Dwarfing Rootstock Cultivar‘Qing’ai 1’
• JIANG Lin;YU Fu-shun;ZHANG Cui-ling;and SHAO Yong-chun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 191-192.
• Abstract ( 2212 ) HTML ( 1798 ) PDF (1517KB) ( 1798 ) 　　　
• ‘Qing’ai 1’is a new apple dwarfing rootstock hybrid cultivar，which crossed by‘M2’and‘M9’. Its crown is small and the length of the internodium is 1.6 cm. The grafting survival rate on the rootstock is 84.0%，while the grafting survival rate on the cultivar is 87.8%. The survival rate of the 3-years-old nursery stock grafing on the interstock is 73.8%. The Fuji tree in high-yield year dwarfing on the interstock has a 2.93 m height and a 3.10 m crown diameter，and its grafting union is not swelling，without air root. The ratio of the trunk circumference of the cultivar /inter stock is 0.95. 61.5% of the Fuji grafting on the interstock begin to produce at 2 years old. The average yield of the tree of 7–14 years old is 43 380 kg · hm-2. The soluble solids content of the Fuji grating on the interstock is 14.9%，the hardness is 8.3 kg · cm-2，and the fruit index is 0.86，which is suitable for the application in the main dwarfing apple production area such as Shandong，Hebei，Shanxi and Shaanxi.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• A New Late-Maturing Walnut Cultivar‘Like-2’
• YANG Gen-lin;LIAO Yong-jian;and YANG Wen-zhong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 193-194.
• Abstract ( 2048 ) HTML ( 1284 ) PDF (1162KB) ( 1284 ) 　　　
• ‘Like-2’is a fine clone with Juglans sigillata，which is selected from wild resources in Lijiang Yunnan Province. Nut fruit is oblate. The average fruit weight is 13.32 g. Walnut husk thickness is about 0.71mm. Kernel rate is 78.2%–80.1%. The kernel fat content is 67.2%. Protein content is 14.1%. Inside wall is wallpaper and diaphragm is membranate. It is easy to take the whole kernel. Tastes aromatic. It is growing vigorously and with high yield and good quality. So the multiple characteristics is excellent.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• A New Cultivar‘Chunzao’in Spring Cabbage
• YU Xiao-lin;WANG Fang-zhan;HUANG Li;LU Gang;and CAO Jia-shu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 195-196.
• Abstract ( 2105 ) HTML ( 1362 ) PDF (1285KB) ( 1362 ) 　　　
• ‘Chunzao’，an early maturing spring cabbage cultivar，which is characterized by good leaf heading quality，strong cold resistance and bolting-tolerance，vigorous growth potential，deep green leaf color，middle wax content on leaf. The leaf heading is peach shape，and the leaf heading shape index is 1.1. The average fresh weight is 1.2 kg，and it yields 48 000 kg · hm-2. The cultivar is suitable to be planted at Yangtze River Vallege and its southern areas，such as Jiangsu，Zhejiang，Henan，Jiangxi，Guizhou，Chongqing and Hubei provinces，by outdoor cultivation as spring cabbage. The whole market growth period（from transplant to harvest）is about 140 days by outside plant pattern.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• A New Asparagus Bean Cultivar‘Fengchan 6’
• LI Gui-hua;CHEN Han-cai;and ZHANG Yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 197-198.
• Abstract ( 1754 ) HTML ( 1372 ) PDF (1210KB) ( 1372 ) 　　　
• ‘Fengchan 6’is a new early-medium systematic breeding cultivar which comes from Zengcheng White Asparagus variant. It is characterized by vigorous growth，elite quality，high yield，insensitivity to light period and resistance to diseases. The pod is light green with about 60 cm long，1.0 cm wide and 28 g in weight. It is suitable in main asparagus bean growing region in spring，summer，autumn in Guangdong Province.
• Related Articles | Metrics

• A New Poinsettia Cultivar‘Honghe’
• HUANG Zi-feng;ZHOU Hou-gao;WANG Feng-lan;and WANG Yan-jun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(1): 199-200.
• Abstract ( 1908 ) HTML ( 1405 ) PDF (896KB) ( 1405 ) 　　　
• ‘Honghe’is a new poinsettia hybrid developed by crossing female parent‘Prestige’× male parent‘Gold Medal’. The new cultivar is stable. It is characterized by dark green leaves，dark red and curved bract，and the flower shape is like lotus flower.
• Related Articles | Metrics