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2013, Vol.40, No.12 Previous Issue Next Issue

Fruit Trees

Transcriptomic Responses of Poncirus trifoliata to Citrus tristeza virus（CTV）Infection
CHENG Chun-Zhen, ZHONG , YUN , WU , BO , YANG Jia-Wei, BEI Xue-Jun, JIANG , BO , ZHU Shi-Ping, YAN Shu-Tang, ZHANG Yong-Yan, ZENG Ji-Wu, ZHONG Guang-Yan
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2341-2353.
Abstract ( 877 ) HTML ( 2267 ) PDF (355KB) ( 2267 ) 　　　
Trifoliate orange（Poncirus trifoliata L.）is highly resistant to Citrus tristeza virus（CTV），but the underlying mechanism has not yet been known. The transcriptomic patterns in leaves of trifoliate orange trees infected with CTV were compared with those of uninfected trees by using Affymetrix citrus genome microarray analysis. A total of 295 genes were identified to be differentially regulated by more than 2-fold following CTV infection，among which were 216 up-regulated and 79 down-regulated genes. BLAST2GO gene ontology analysis showed that a large number of the genes are related to responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli and stresses. A significant number of the genes were involved in metabolism and regulation of ethylene，jasmonic acid，gibberellins，abscisic acid，auxins，salicylic acid. Some responsive genes encodeeither cell wall proteins or those participating in cell wall formation. These results obtained in this study should provide some important transcriptional clues to understanding the mechanism of CTV resistance of trifoliate orange.
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Transformation of Malus × domestica with MhRAR1 and MhSGT1 Genes from Malus hupehensis for Resistance of Botryosphaeria berengeriana
TU Xu-Tong, ZHANG Shi-Jie, 吕Dong , CHEN Xiao-Yun, ZHANG Zhen, QU Shen-Chun-*
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2354-2364.
Abstract ( 820 ) HTML ( 1252 ) PDF (614KB) ( 1252 ) 　　　
RAR1 and SGT1 were identified as required components in some signaling pathways mediated by disease resistance（R）genes in many plant species，and they function between the downstream of R protein and reactive oxygen. To understand the expression characteristics and resistant function of MhRAR1 and MhSGT1 in susceptible variety，the two genes were transferred respectively into the Fuji apple by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method. After PCR and RT-PCR amplifications on Hyg positive plants，6 MhRAR1 strains and 3 MhSGT1 strains were screened. Infected by Botryosphaeria berengeriana，the transgenic plants displayed more rapidly increase on all antioxidant enzymes（SOD/POD/CAT）activities and gentle changing waves of MDA content. It further illustrated that RAR1 and SGT1 act on the reaction of reactive oxygen species and the process of membrane reaction，as well as promote the resistant to external infringed reaction in apple.
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Response of Nitric Oxide and Active Oxygen of Malus hupehensis Roots to Sodium and Chloride Ion Stress
ZHANG Wei-Wei, YANG Hong-Qiang, SU Qian, MEN Xiu-Jin, YAN Li-Juan
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2365-2372.
Abstract ( 880 ) HTML ( 895 ) PDF (208KB) ( 895 ) 　　　
Abstract：The effect of sodium chloride（NaCl），sodium ion（Na+）and chloride ion（Cl-）solution
on the production of nitric oxide（NO）and active oxygen（ROS）and the membrane lipid peroxidation of
Malus hupehensis seedling roots was investigated by water culture. The results showed that，the production
rates of NO and superoxide anions，as well as the accumulation of malondiadehyde（MDA）and
hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂），were all increased under iso-osmotic NaCl，Na⁺ and Cl^- salt solutions of the
same concentration，and the increasing extent was in the following order：NaCl >Cl^->Na⁺. In addition，
the increasing content caused by NaCl stress was lower than the sum of that caused by Na+ and Cl- stress. It
was demonstrated that Cl^-took more important part in the induction of oxidation damage under NaCl stress，
and stress response caused by NaCl treatment were not simple stack of those caused by Na⁺ and Cl- stress
individually.
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Isolation，Subcellular Location and Expression of MdGA20ox1 Gene from Apple
JIANG Zhi-Ang, SUN Jian-She, PENG Jian-Ying, SHAO Jian-Zhu
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2373-2381.
Abstract ( 901 ) HTML ( 1372 ) PDF (362KB) ( 1372 ) 　　　
GA20-oxidase is a critical enzyme in the pathway of gibberellins biosynthesis. In this
research，a GA20-oxidase gene in Malus，designated as MdGA20ox1(GenBank accession number：
KC493633)，was isolated from the apical tissue of apple rootstock SH40[（Malus × domestica）× M.
honanensis] by RT-PCR and RACE method. The length of full cDNA was 1 579 bp，containing a complete
open reading frame that encoding 392 amino acids. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the
sequence of MdGA20ox1 had 55.9%–96.7% identities with the sequence of GA20ox from plants such as
Zea mays，Arabidopasis thaliana，Pyrus communis and so on. Subcellular localization showed that the
MdGA20ox1 protein was located in the nucleus and the plasma membrane. The expression of MdGA20ox1
in SH28，SH40 and M26 showed a trend of decline-rise-decline，which were corresponded with the growing periods of their own-rooted seedlings. The expression of MdGA20ox1 and growth increment of
SH28 grafted cultivar‘Gala’were the highest of them，M26 grafted cultivar‘Gala’were higher than the
SH40 grafted cultivar‘Gala’. And the expression intensity of the MdGA20ox1 gene was negatively
associated to the dwarfing degree of the different rootstocks. The trend of expression of MdGA20ox1 gene
was the same in SH40 and SH28 grafted cultivar‘Gala’. The expression of MdGA20ox1 gene in the apical
tissue，young leaf，leaf and branch bark of semi-dwarf type SH28 grafted cultivar‘Gala’were higher than
dwarf type SH40 grafted cultivar‘Gala’.
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Studies on Several Quality Evaluation Indices from Loquat Germplasm Resources
JIANG Ji-Mou, JIANG Fan, CHEN Xiu-Ping, HU Wen-Shun, DENG Chao-Jun, ZHENG Shao-Quan
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2382-2390.
Abstract ( 885 ) HTML ( 1199 ) PDF (253KB) ( 1199 ) 　　　
The objective of this study is to establish the scientific quality evaluation indices of loquat
fruit. The relationship of 6 quality indices，including total soluble solid（TSS），soluble sugar（SS），titrable
acidity（TA），vitamin C（Vc），total soluble solid/titrable acidity（TSS/TA）and soluble sugar/titrable acidity
（SS/TA）was analyzed by statistical techniques based on 140 loquat accessions from National Fruit
Gene-pool of Loquat in Fuzhou City. The results showed that the coefficient variations of 6 indices from
the loquat germplasm were ranged from 14.5% to 60.5%，all of which did not meet the normal distribution.
The grade scale of each index could be divided into 5 levels by group distance method，then the reference
varieties were selected.
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Differential Expression Proteins of Anthocyanin and Carbohydrate Pathway in Red and White Myrica rubra Fruits
ZHANG Ze-Huang, CHEN Yi-Yong, ZHONG Qiu-Zhen, WANG Ling-Xia, LIN Qi-Hua, LIN Yong-Xiang, GONG Hui-Wen, CHEN Wei
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2391-2400.
Abstract ( 727 ) HTML ( 2674 ) PDF (646KB) ( 2674 ) 　　　
The investigation of differentially expressed proteins of red cultivar‘Dayemei’and white
cultivar‘Shuijing’of Myrica rubra in ripening time were conducted by using 2-DE coupled with
MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS approaches. The comparison of the protein patterns of‘Dayemei’and ‘Shuijing’
showed 41 differential expressed protein spots in these two cultivars，of which 33 were identified，among
them，29 proteins up-regulated，3 proteins specifically expressed and 1 down-regulated in‘Dayemei’. The
identified proteins were classified according to their functions which involved in anthocyanin metabolism（12%），carbohydrate and energy metabolism（30%），protein metabolism（18%）
and defense response（15%）. We found that the enzymes of anthocyanidin synthase（ANS），phenylalanine
amonnia lyase（PAL），chalcone synthase 11（CHS11）and UDP-glucose︰flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase
（ UFGT ） involved in anthocyanin synthesis were successfully identified. These enzymes were
up-regulated obviously in‘Dayemei’. Meanwhile，9 proteins involved carbohydrate metabolism were also
up regulated. Up-regulated the key proteins involved in anthocyanin and carbohydrate metabolism were
important for anthocyanin accumulation and color formation in Myrica rubra.
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Prokaryotic Expression and Antiserum Preparation of Functional Domain of Banana streak virus Coat Protein Gene
CHEN Xiu, RAO Xue-Qin, RUAN Xiao-Lei, LIU Fu-Xiu, LI Hua-Ping
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2401-2408.
Abstract ( 839 ) HTML ( 952 ) PDF (421KB) ( 952 ) 　　　
In order to provide rapid detection of Banana streak virus Guangdong isolate（BSV-GD）
and to study the virus’ gene function，BSV-GD coat protein（CP）functional domain was cloned，and
prokaryotic expression recombinant plasmid pET28b-CP was constructed by inserting the cloned gene into
the plasmid pET-28b（+）. Induced by IPTG，Escherichia coli Rosseta（DE3）containing pET28b-CP
produced the fusion protein His-CP about 46.5 kD in size. Soluble analysis of the fusion protein indicated
that it was in the inclusion body. The highly purified interest protein was obtained by using the His tag
purification kit. The special polyclonal antibody was generated through the purified protein immunizing
healthy big ear rabbits. Western-blotting analysis showed that the antiserum has very strong specificity.
Indirect enzyme immunoassay suggested the antiserum titer was higher than 1︰204 800. The available
antiserum concentration for virus detection from plant materials was 1︰1 600–1︰6 400.
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Vegetables

Effects of Exogenous Spd on the Fast Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction Dynamics in Tomato Seedlings Under High Temperature Stress
SU Xiao-Qiong, WANG Mei-Yue, SHU Sheng, SUN Jin, GUO Shi-Rong
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2409-2418.
Abstract ( 1058 ) HTML ( 1253 ) PDF (366KB) ( 1253 ) 　　　
Taking a relatively heat-sensitive tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum）cultivar‘Puhong 968’
as test material，a substrate culture experiment was conducted in growth chamber to investigate the effects
of foliar spraying spermidine（Spd）on the protection in tomato seedling leaves under high temperature
stress. The heat treatment at 38 ℃ significantly altered the shape of O-J-I-P fluorescence transient. An
increase in basal fluorescence and decrease in maximum fluorescence was observed. Higher K，J，L-band
and lower I-band were detected compared to control samples at 130 μs，300 μs，2 ms and 30 ms on the
cholorophyll fluorescence induction curve. High temperature stress significantly increased the values of
ABS/RC，TRo/RC，DIo/RC，φDo，Mo，and Fv/Fm，but decreased ETo/RC，PI(abs)，Sm，DF(abs)，Ψo，RC/CSo and φEo in leaves. However，Spd treatment reverted these changes induced by high temperature stress. Spd
resulted in a better utilization of excitation energy and a higher stability of the photosystemⅡ，causing
much enhancement of the oxygen evolving complex capacity，thermal stability of thylakoid membranes，
connectivity among PSⅡ units and electron transport activity. Meanwhile，positive effects showed up in
the photosynthetic pigment contents and growth in tomato seedling by heat treat treated with Spd.
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Cloning of Arabidopsis At-pri-miR828 Gene and Its Genetic Transformation into Tomato
JIA Xiao-Yun, YU Zhi-Qin, LIANG Jian-Ping, TANG Gui-Liang, JIN Lei-Hao, ZHANG Li, HE Li-Heng, LI Run-Zhi
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2419-2428.
Abstract ( 1287 ) HTML ( 2101 ) PDF (586KB) ( 2101 ) 　　　
MicroRNA828（miR828）is a newly identified small RNA whose biological functions are
still not very clear. To explore the biological functions of miR828，particularly in tomato，the At-primiR828
gene was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana，and cloned into the corresponding site of the
pCAMBIA2300 to construct the plant expression vector pC2300-pOT2-At-pri-miR828. This At-pri-miR828 overexpressing vector was then introduced into tomato（Solanum lycopersicum Mill.‘Ailsa Graig’）using
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Total of 9 transgenic lines and 67 transgenic plants carrying the
At-pri-miR828 gene under the control of the 35S promoter were generated. PCR amplification showed that
At-pri-miR828 was integrated into the genome DNA of transgenic tomatoes. Real-time PCR analysis
demonstrated that miR828 mRNA level in the transgenic tomatoes was increased greatly. Accordingly，
expression of Sly-myb-like1，a potential target gene of miR828 predicted by informatics，was suppressed.
Further anthocyanin content analysis revealed that anthocyanin content was greatly reduced in miR828
overexpressed transgenic plants，demonstrating miR828 might function in the anthocyanin biosynthesis of
tomato.
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Studies on the Interactions Between the Pollen Tube Calmodulin（CaM）and SRK from Brassica oleracea var. capitata
XU Jun-Qiang, SUN Zi-Jian, SONG Ming, TANG Qing-Lin, WANG Zhi-Min, WANG Xiao-Jia
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2429-2440.
Abstract ( 995 ) HTML ( 1222 ) PDF (901KB) ( 1222 ) 　　　
In order to study the molecular mechanism and possible interaction domains between
pollen tube calmodulin（CaM） protein and S locus receptor kinase（SRK）from Brassica oleracea L. var.
capitata L. We got the full length sequence of CaM12 with 450 bp and SRK7 gene with 2 118 bp from
self-incompatibility of Brassica oleracea var. capitata E1，respectively，and got extracellular domain of
SRK（eSRK7） and intracellular kinase domain（iSRK7），then constructed prokaryotic expression vectors of pGEX-CaM12，pCold-eSRK7 and pCold-iSRK7，transformed into E. coli BL21（DE3）and checked the
interactions with purified expression products in vitro. The results showed that CaM12 protein and SRK7
could do interaction，and interactive domain is iSRK7 rather than eSRK7. In order to verify their
interaction furtherly，yeast two-hybrid system was used in this study，we constructed yeast expression
vectors pGBKT7-CaM12 ， pGADT7-eSRK7 ， pGADT7-iSRK7 and pGADT7-SRK7 ， transformed
into corresponding Y2HGold and Y187 yeast cells，and made sure that they did not appear the
self-activation and toxicity. The results was consistent with prokaryotic expression. Simultaneously，we
constructed yeast expression vectors pGADT7-CAM12-2-，pGADT7-CAM12-23-，pGADT7-CAM12-234-
and pGBKT7-iSRK7 with CaM12-2-，CaM12-23-，CaM12-234- mutants from three EF-hands of CaM12
and iSRK7，and tested their interactions. The results showed that all CaM EF-hands mutants CaM12-2-，
CaM12-23- and CaM12-234- cannot interact with iSRK7 in yeast two-hybrid system. CaM12 protein lost
the ability to combine Ca2+ and cannot interact with iSRK7 after EF-hands structure domains were
mutated．This study could provide a new reference for the mechanism of self-incompatibility in Brassica
oleracea.
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Identification of Protein Interactions Between BjSVP from Brassica juncea and BoFLC from Brassica oleracea
TANG Qing-Lin-*, LIU Zhi-Yu, YANG Pu-Li, SONG Ming-*, WANG Zhi-Min
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2441-2452.
Abstract ( 704 ) HTML ( 1166 ) PDF (829KB) ( 1166 ) 　　　
The transcription factors Flowering Locus C（FLC）and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE
（SVP）regulate the flowering time via protein interactions in the homologous plants of Brassica juncea or
Brassica oleracea，respectively. However，the heterologous protein-protein interactions between BoFLC of
Brassica oleracea and BjSVP of Brassica juncea have not been thoroughly understood. In an effort to
unravel the mechanisms involved in the heterologous interactions，we cloned BjSVPΔ1–BjSVPΔ11（MI，
MIK，K，IKC，KC，IK，IK1L1K2L2，IK1L1K2，IK1L1，IK1 or I domains）in Brassica juncea，BoFLC and BoFLCzq in Brassica oleracea，respectively. Then we tested the interactions between BoFLC and
BjSVP，using the Gal4 yeast two-hybrid system and the β-galactosidase activity assay. Results showed that
BjSVP or BjSVPΔ2 – BjSVPΔ5 interact with BoFLC. And the fused strains were incubated on
QDO/X-α-Gal/AbA plate and blue colonies were found，suggesting that the yeast fusion reporter genes
HIS3，AUR1-C，ADE2，and MEL1 were activated. It also indicated that the full length of K domain
（BjSVPΔ3）was the key amino acid region to independently mediate the protein interactions. However，
BjSVPΔ7–BjSVPΔ11 truncated forms without K1，K2，K3，L1 or L2 in K domain failed to act with
BoFLC. Furthermore，the heterologous interaction was enhanced by I domain of BjSVP，but weakened by
its M domain and C domain. The interaction also enhanced by BoFLC or BoFLCzq，compared with the
interaction of BjFLC protein. The three amino acid variations（site 20 of I domain，site 65 of K domain and
site 32 of C domain）were probably related to the protein interaction strength.
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Expression Analysis of FLC Homologues Responding to Low Temperature and Photoperiod in Carrot
MAO Ji-Hua, ZHUANG Fei-Yun,OU Cheng-Gang , ZHAO Zhi-Wei, WANG Hui, MA Zhen-Guo
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2453-2462.
Abstract ( 762 ) HTML ( 1494 ) PDF (515KB) ( 1494 ) 　　　
Carrot（Daucus carota L.）is a biennial species and requires vernalization for flowering.
The premature bolting of carrot occurs in winter-spring plastic tunnel and spring cultivation，and results in
a complete loss of commercial value，but limited progress reported on the control of bolting and flowering
in carrot. Basis on the transcriptome sequences，carrot FLOWERING LOCUS C homologues（DcFLCs）
were screened. Cultivar‘Amsterdam’（Af）tolerance to premature bolting and wild sensitive species
‘Songzi’（Ws）were selected to study the relative expression of DcFLCs under cold and photoperiod
treatment examined by real-time qPCR. Three FLC homologues（DcFLC1，DcFLC2 and DcFLC3）were
annotated with complete ORFs，MADS-box and K-box conserved regions，which encoded 209，212 and
219 amino acids，respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that DcFLCs were clustered with other plants
FLC homologous. DcFLC1 and DcFLC2 were confirmed to express in all species by RT-PCR，but
DcFLC3 only in some. The relative expression of DcFLC1 and DcFLC3 were improved in Af young plants
and roots during vernalization，while DcFLC2 was only improved in roots but no significance in young plants. DcFLC1 were improved in Ws young plants but no significance in roots during vernalization，while
DcFLC2 in contrary. Both of the relative expression of DcFLC1 and DcFLC2 were improved in Af young
plants under continuous illumination，but different in Ws.
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Ornamental Plants

Screening Cut Chrysanthemum Varieties in Low Potassium Tolerant and Patience Physiology in Seedling
XU Shun-Li, FANG Wei-Min, GUAN Zhi-Yong, JIANG Jia-Fu, CHEN Su-Mei, LIAO Yuan, CHEN Fa-Di
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2463-2471.
Abstract ( 831 ) HTML ( 822 ) PDF (270KB) ( 822 ) 　　　
Twenty-three cut chrysanthemum varieties were hydroponically cultured to screen
hypokalemia indicators in seedling and the results showed that in different potassium，plant dry weight，the
amount of potassium and potassium accumulation are significant different between different varieties.
These may be the evaluation indicators of cut chrysanthemum resistance hypokalemia ability. Based on
potassium indicators screened tolerance varieties‘Nannong Yinshan’and‘Nannong Feizi’，intolerance
variety ‘ Nannong Hongfeng ’ . Different patience cut chrysanthemum varieties seedlings were
hydroponically cultured to study the biological response under low potassium stress and the results showed
that under low potassium stress the‘Nannong Hongfeng’chlorophyll content was significantly reduced，
SOD and POD activity were significantly reduced，‘Nannong Yinshan’and‘Nannong Feizi’haven’t
significantly change. Furthermore，soluble sugar content of tolerant varieties were significantly lower and
amylum content have no significant difference. Soluble sugar content of patience weak varieties have no
significant difference，but amylum content decreased significant.
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Prokaryotic Expression，Purification and in Vitro Ubiquitination Assay of BoARC1 from Ornamental Kale
LAN Xing-Guo , LI Xiao-Yu, YANG Jia, LI Yu-Hua
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2472-2478.
Abstract ( 937 ) HTML ( 1257 ) PDF (403KB) ( 1257 ) 　　　
ARC1，which belonging to the plant-specific U-box/ARM protein，acts as a positive
mediator of self-incompatibility signaling in Brassica. Here，the BoARC1 coding region sequence was
amplified and inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-14b. The pET-14b-BoARC1 constructs
were confirmed by the double restriction enzyme and sequencing analysis. The E. coli BL21（DE3）pLysS
cell was transformed pET-14b-BoARC1. SDS-PAGE results showed that the recombinant BoARC1 fusion
protein about 69 kD was induced by IPTG and purification by affinity chromatography using Ni2+-NTA
resin. In vitro ubiquination assays were performed using a yeast E1 enzyme，a E2 enzyme His6-UBC7，
ubiquitin and His6-BoARC1. Western blot results showed that His6-BoARC1 mediated the polyubiquitination
of proteins with anti-ubiquitin antibodies. Further，a point mutation of U-box domain at
amino acid position 323 substituting Pro for Ala or omission of any of the components resulted in a loss of
protein ubiquitination.
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Preliminary Studies on the Formation of Red Pigmentation in Corona of Narcissus
ZHENG Yi-Ping, WU Xue-Qin, ZENG Li-Hui
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2479-2488.
Abstract ( 729 ) HTML ( 862 ) PDF (1344KB) ( 862 ) 　　　
Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis‘Jinzhan Yintai’and N. pseudonarcissus L.‘Pink Charm’
were used as experimental materials in this study. The comparison of carotenoid biosynthetic gene
expression between the yellow corona of‘Jinzhan Yintai’and the red corona of‘Pink Charm’was
performed by real-time PCR. The ultrastructures of chromoplasts in red corona，yellow corona and white
petal were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. In addition，the full length cDNA of
chromoplast-specific carotenoid-associated synthase（CHRC）was cloned from‘Jinzhan Yintai’by RACE
method and the expression of CHRC was also analyzed. The results showed that the accumulation of
abundant β-carotenoid and the formation of red corona in‘Pink Charm’were due to the difference in the
expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes between red and yellow corona，especially due to the
decreasing of LYCE expression. Chromoplasts in yellow or red coronas were the same style with many
homocentric membranes. The structure and amount of chromoplasts were not related to the red pigmentation formation. However，there were more numbers of plastoglobules observed in chromoplasts of red corona，
demonstrating that the red corona had the stronger capacity of pigment accumulation，which may be
caused by the increasing expression of CHRC. The results also showed that the structure of chromoplasts
in white petal of‘Jinzhan Yintai’was quite different from its corona’s，and plastoglobules were scarce and
smaller in size. These results provide new insight into the mechanism of colour formation in Nacissus and
the basis for the gene engineering of flower colour in Chinese narcissus.
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Research Notes

Nutrient Element Content in Dropped Flowers and Young Fruits and Nutrient Losses Caused by Their Drops in Citrus
WANG Nan-Qi, PENG Liang-Zhi, XING Fei, ZHOU Wei, CAO Li, HUANG Yi, JIANG Cai-Lun
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2489-2496.
Abstract ( 809 ) HTML ( 969 ) PDF (192KB) ( 969 ) 　　　
Nutrient element content in dropped flower buds，flowers and young fruits as well as the
nutrient losses caused by their drops were studied in Newhall navel orange（Citrus sinensis L. Osb.
‘Newhall’），Okitsu Wase satsuma（Citrus unshiu Marc.‘Okitsu Wase’）and Shatian pomelo（Citrus
grandis Osb.‘Shatian’）adult trees. Results showed that the nutrient element content in flower buds and
flowers of the 3 varieties were N 3.34%–3.66%；P 0.26%–0.31%；K 1.67%–2.30%；Ca，Mg and S
content were 0.17%–0.48%；Fe，Mn，Zn，Cu and B content were 8.1–87.5 mg · kg-1. B content was
significantly higher in flowers than in flower buds，but other nutrient element content in flowers were close
to in flower buds. For the same organs，the content of each nutrient element was slightly different among the 3 varieties. Compared with flower buds and flowers，N and P content in young fruits greatly
decreased and Fe content increased obviously，while the average decreases by 21.8% N and 19.5% P were
measured for the 3 varieties，but the changes of other nutrient element content were not remarkable. The
total dry weight of dropped flower buds，flowers and young fruits was 3 016.3 g per tree for Newhall navel
orange，3 533.6 g per tree for Okitsu Wase satsuma，and 1 486.7 g per tree for Shatian pomelo，which
resulted in serious nutrient element losses of N 49.2–119.4 g，P 4.3–10.1 g，K 30.1–76.2 g，Mg 2.5–7.1
g，Zn 24.0–81.5 mg and B 65.5–170.2 mg for per tree. The losses of nutrient element caused by flower
drops > by flower bud drops > by young fruit drops for Okitsu Wase satsuma and Shatian pomelo，while
caused by flower bud drops were close to by flower drops > by young fruit drops for Newhall navel orange.
Okitsu Wase satsuma had the biggest losses of nutrient element caused by those drops，followed by
Newhall navel orange and Shatian pomelo. Therefore，for citrus management practices，it’s important to
control excessive flowering，and to apply enough fertilizers during spring sprout and blossoms.
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Ornamental Plants

psoRPM1 Gene from Prunus sogdiana Indicated Resistance to Root-knot Nematode in Tobacco
LI Fang, ZHU Xiang, QIAO Feng, CHEN Xue-Feng, LI Hu, HU Jian-Fang
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2497-2504.
Abstract ( 835 ) HTML ( 925 ) PDF (559KB) ( 925 ) 　　　
The root-knot nematode，especially Meloidogyne incongnita is one of the most harmful
pests could induce many crop diseases. Xinjiang wild cherry plum（Prunus sogdiana）is a kind of wild and
endemic specie in China with significant resistant effect against M. incognita. Here we isolated a gene
from Xinjiang wild cherry plum，which named psoRPM1，having responses to the infection of M.
incognitain the resistant plant. Using Agrobacterium-mediated transgenic technology，psoRPM1 gene was
introduced into tobacco varieties‘W38’，which is highly susceptible to M. incognita. Then the transgenic
tobaccos and plants of control group were inoculated with M. incognita. After growing for 60 d，the
psoRPM1-W38 showed varying degrees of resistance to M. incognita，even some of the plants nearly had
no root-knots. Comparing to the tobaccos of the control group，it is suggested that psoRPM1 gene is
capable of helping the tobacco‘W38’set up resistance mechanism against the infection of M. incognita
and finally predict the psoRPM1 is a new root-knot nematode resistance gene candidate.
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Research Notes

Effects of Sulfur on Growth and Key Enzyme Activities Involved in Nitrogen and Sulfur Assimilation in Chinese Spring Onion
KONG Ling-Jun, XU Kun, ZHANG Yong-Zheng, HE Ping
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2505-2512.
Abstract ( 746 ) HTML ( 881 ) PDF (289KB) ( 881 ) 　　　
In order to investigate the effects of sulfur on the growth，the nitrogen and sulfur
assimilation of Chinese spring onion，the plant growth，nitrogen and sulfur content and activity of key
enzyme（NR，GS，ATPS，OASS）for assimilation of nitrogen and sulfur in the different S levels were
studied with potted sandy culture. The results showed that the growth，the N and S content，the yield and
quality were improved by appropriately increasing the content of sulfur，while the yield and quality were
reduced when the content of S level was over 4.01 mmol · L^-1. The activity of ATP sulfurylase（ATPS）of
leaves reduced with the S level increasing，while the activities of O-acetylserine thiollyase（OASS），nitrate
reductase（NR）and glutamine synthetase（GS）responded differently at each growth stage. In the initial
stage，the activity of NR was improved on the higher S level which had no significant effect on the
activities of GS and OASS. In the later stage，the activities of OASS and GS were enhanced on the appropriate S level，and the activity of NR was reduced. Comprehensive analysis of results showed that，
the nutrient solution containing 2.01 mmol · L^-1 was the optimal to improving the yield and quality of
Chinese spring onion，and the yield was 19.1% higher than the control（0.01 mmol · L^-1）.
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Biological Characteristics and Fungicide Sensitivity of Kabatiella microsticta Causing Daylily Leaf Streak
BAI Qing-Rong, HAN Shuang, ZHAO Ying, LI Hai-Yang, LIANG Jun-Wei, GAO Jie
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2513-2519.
Abstract ( 659 ) HTML ( 1030 ) PDF (862KB) ( 1030 ) 　　　
The biological characteristics and fungicide sensitivity of Kabatiella microsticta causing
daylily leaf streak were studied. The results showed that the suitable temperature for mycelium growth and
spore production of the pathogen was from 25 ℃ to 30 ℃，and 28 ℃ was the optimum. The optimal media
for mycelium growth were PDA，PSA and CA，but V8 juice was the best for spore production. D（+）-
maltobiose and L-leucine were optimal for mycelium growth and spore production. The suitable pH for
mycelium growth was 5 to 9，and 7 was optimum for spore production. Light could promote spore
production and had no effect on mycelium growth. The lethal temperature of conidia was 49 ℃，10 min.
The sensitivity of K. microsticta to twelve fungicides was detected by mycelium growth rate method. The
results showed that the pathogen was more sensitive to carbendazim，thiophanate-methyl，penconazole，
propiconazole，flusilazole，trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole，myclobutanil，EC50 < 1.0 mg · L^-1，EC90 < 5.0
mg · L^-1. This study will lay theoretical foundation for occurrence law and control of the disease.
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Establishment of Rapid Propagation System and Molecular Identification of Genetic Stability on Lonicera macranthoides
CHEN Ze-Xiong, HU Kai, LIU Yi-Qing
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2520-2526.
Abstract ( 598 ) HTML ( 855 ) PDF (462KB) ( 855 ) 　　　
An efficient mass propagation system of Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. was
established based on axillary bud-derived meristems. The optimal media of tissue culture involving in the
bud-induction medium（MB medium supplemented with 1.0 mg · L^-1 6-BA，0.2 mg · L^-1NAA），subculture
medium（MB medium supplemented with 1.0 mg · L^-1 6-BA，0.5 mg · L^-1 IAA or 1.5 mg · L-1 6-BA，0.8
mg · L^-1 IAA）and root-induction medium（1/2MB medium supplemented with 2.0 mg · L^-1 IBA and 0.2
mg · L^-1 IAA）were selected. Thereafter，the genetic variation of 8 plants randomly sampled from
regeneration plants cultured for 12，24 and 36 months respectively was investigated by SRAP analysis and
there were 0，25% and 50% in variation rate found in regeneration lines respectively based on the 147
bands detected by SRAP markers. The results showed that regeneration culture system can maintain
genetic stability during certain subculture cycles，indicating that it can be readily employed for large-scale
propagation.
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New Cultivars

A New Early Maturing Pear Cultivar‘Yuxiang’
QIN Zhong-Qi, LI Xian-Ming, TU Jun-Fan, YANG Fu-Chen, ZHU Hong-Yan, WU Tao, LIU Xian-Qin
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2527-2528.
Abstract ( 792 ) HTML ( 650 ) PDF (151KB) ( 650 ) 　　　
‘Yuxiang’is a new early maturing pear cultivar. It is selected from the cross combination of
Pyrus pyrifolia Rehd.‘Fuli’× Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai.‘Jinshuisu’. The fruit ripens in the middle of July.
The fruit shape is sub-circle with dark green skin. The average fruit weight is 205 g，and the maximum is
310 g. The flesh is white and juicy. It has fine and tender texture. And it has sweet taste. The soluble solids
content is 13.5%. The total acid content is 0.17%. And the vitamin C content is 12.9 mg · kg^-1. It has the
characters of early fruiting and high-stable yield. It is resistant to pear scab.
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A New Early Ripening Flat Nectarine Cultivar‘Ziyue’
LIN Yun-Di, HAN Xia, ZHAO Qing-Zhu, ZHANG Dong-Qi, GAO Jing, QIU Yu-Bin, ZHAO Jing-Jie
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2529-2530.
Abstract ( 1011 ) HTML ( 725 ) PDF (173KB) ( 725 ) 　　　
‘Ziyue’is an early-ripening flat nectarine cultivar derived from the cross of‘Yanpan’×
‘AT163’. The flower is showy，pollen fertility，self-fruitful. The fruit shape is flat，with an average fruit
weight 84 g. The fruit skin is bright red to purplish red. The flesh is white，crisp，with 14.0% soluble solids
content. It has excellent storage capacity and crack resistance. The fruit development period is about 68 d.
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A New Precocious Walnut Cultivar‘Qingchuan 1’
WU Zuo-Ying, BAI Jie-Jian, SHAO Kai-Mao
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2531-2532.
Abstract ( 638 ) HTML ( 654 ) PDF (167KB) ( 654 ) 　　　
‘Qingchuan 1’is a new precocious walnut cultivar selected from wild seedling resources
in Qingchuan County of Sichuan. The nuts of‘Qingchuan 1’have some excellent of nut characteristics，
such as nearly round shape，smooth surface and light yellow-white color. The average weight is 14.2 g，the
thickness of shell is 0.94 mm. The nucleolus is full and it tastes fragrant. It is easy to take out the whole
kernel. The kernel weight is 59% of nut. The yield is up to 3 750 kg · hm^-2. It has high resistances to dry
and disease.
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A New Strawberry Cultivar‘Hongxiu Tianxiang’
ZHANG Yun-Tao, WANG Gui-Xia, DONG Jing, ZHONG Chuan-Fei, WANG Li-Na, CHANG Lin-Lin
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2533-2534.
Abstract ( 1458 ) HTML ( 1182 ) PDF (190KB) ( 1182 ) 　　　
‘Hongxiu Tianxiang’is a new strawberry cultivar which is derived from the cross between
‘Camarosa’as female parent and‘Benihoppe’as male parent. The fruit is long cone-shaped or
wedge-shaped. The average fruit weight is 26.5 g and the largest fruit weight is 98.0 g. The fruit is red with
strong glossiness and excellent aroma，and suitable for storage and transportation. It contains soluble solids
of 10.5%，vitamin C of 0.485 mg · g^-1，the total sugar of 4.48%，the total acid of 0.48%，and fruit firmness
of 3.159 kg · cm^-2. It is resistance to powdery mildew. The ripening date is in early-mid January in the
greenhouse of Beijing.
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A New Cherry Tomato Hybrid‘Jinling Meiyu’
ZHAO Tong-Min, YANG Ma-Li, YU Wen-Gui, ZHAO Li-Ping, WANG Yin-Lei
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2535-2536.
Abstract ( 870 ) HTML ( 746 ) PDF (185KB) ( 746 ) 　　　
‘Jinling Meiyu’is a new cherry tomato hybrid which developed by crossing‘JSCT10’
as a female parent with‘JSCT17’as a male parent. It is determinate growth type，which grows vigorously.
The leaf is dark green. The fruit is bright pink，round and tastes very well. The average weight of single
fruit is about 20–25 g. The pericarp is thin but has good toughness，so it is highly tolerated to storage and
transportation. It is resistant to ToMV and wilt，suitable for protected cultivation.
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A New Loose-curd Cauliflower Cultivar‘Zhe 091’
GU Hong-Hui, ZHAO Zhen-Qing, SHENG Xiao-Guang, YU Hui-Fang, WANG Jian-Sheng, SUN Li-Xiang, YAN Shao-Bing, ZOU Yi-Jing
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2537-2538.
Abstract ( 871 ) HTML ( 781 ) PDF (148KB) ( 781 ) 　　　
New intermediate-maturity cauliflower cultivar‘Zhe 091’，which is crossed from
microspore-derived double haploids，is loose curd type with green peduncle. The waxy and dark green leaf
plants are lanceolate. The plant type is spreading with the height of 50 cm and the breadth of 80 cm. The
loose curd has flat spherical shape with the average of 1.5 kg weight with 24 cm in transverse diameter.
The variety has a characteristic of high quality and comprehensive stress resistance. The new variety can
be broadly cultivated in spring，autumn and winter season in plain，and summer in tableland regions.
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A New Yellow Onion Cultivar‘Liancong 9’
YANG Hai-Feng, MIAO Mei-Hua, CHEN Zhen-Tai, XUE Ping, PAN Mei-Hong, LUO Zhi-Dan, YANG He-Chuan, NING Yu
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2539-2540.
Abstract ( 668 ) HTML ( 743 ) PDF (147KB) ( 743 ) 　　　
The onion cultivar‘Liancong 9’is bred by separating F1 of the‘9701’and‘9953’hybrid
and through systematic selection for many generations. It is the type of middle-day and mid-maturity
cultivar，the bulb is round with yellow color and its spherical index is 0.85. The weight of single bulb is
362 g. The yield is 90 000 kg · hm^-2.‘Liancong 9’also shows high disease resistance and can be practiced
in open field in Huang-huai area of China.
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A New All-male Asparagus Cultivar‘Jinggang 111’
ZHANG Yue-Ping, ZHOU Jin-Song, LUO Shao-Chun, TANG Yong-Ping, XIE Qi-Xin, HUANG Yan-Ping, CHEN Guang-Yu
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2541-2542.
Abstract ( 696 ) HTML ( 879 ) PDF (157KB) ( 879 ) 　　　
‘Jinggang 111’is a newly released all-male asparagus cultivar bred by crossing super-male
plant‘B25(04)-15’with female plant‘AT3’，using DNA molecular marker assisted selection. Its growth
duration in Jiangxi is around 280 d with average plant height around 214 cm. The spears are characterized
by uniform size and close stem tips with tender and good taste. The quality test of fresh spears showed that
water content 93%，vitamin C 0.21 mg · g^-1，total sugar（glucose）2.83%，protein 2.12%，crude fiber
0.60%，and ash 0.57%. It is resistant to rust and brown spot，and also relatively resistant to stem blight and
root rot. The average yield is around 18 000 kg · hm^-2. It is recomended for green asparagus production.
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A New Pumpkin Cultivar‘Danhong 3’
HUANG He-Xun, LIN Yu-E, LIANG Zhao-Jun, WANG Rui, GUO Han-Quan, WU Ting-Quan, ZHOU Nian, DENG Cai-Lian
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2543-2544.
Abstract ( 620 ) HTML ( 842 ) PDF (168KB) ( 842 ) 　　　
‘Danhong 3’is a new pumpkin cultivar bred by crossing self-line‘Fenhong 1’（female
parent）and inbred line‘Hongpi 6’（male parent）and it has many excellent characteristics such as early
maturing，high fruit-setting rate and commodity fruit rate. The single fruit weight is about 1.0–1.5 kg. The
appearance of the fruit looks good，including oblate fruit，and red skin with pale yellow stripes. In
addition，‘Danhong 3’has good quality with orange flesh，high disease resistance and good adaptive
capacity. The variety is suitable to be widely cultivated in China，especially in South China.
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A New Watermelon Cultivar‘Ningnongke 3’
YU Rong, TIAN Mei, DONG Rui, WANG Zhi-Qiang, GUO Song, GUO Shou-Jin, LIU Sheng-Feng
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2545-2546.
Abstract ( 611 ) HTML ( 733 ) PDF (156KB) ( 733 ) 　　　
‘Danhong 3’is a new pumpkin cultivar bred by crossing self-line‘Fenhong 1’（female
parent）and inbred line‘Hongpi 6’（male parent）and it has many excellent characteristics such as early
maturing，high fruit-setting rate and commodity fruit rate. The single fruit weight is about 1.0–1.5 kg. The
appearance of the fruit looks good，including oblate fruit，and red skin with pale yellow stripes. In
addition，‘Danhong 3’has good quality with orange flesh，high disease resistance and good adaptive
capacity. The variety is suitable to be widely cultivated in China，especially in South China.
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A New Oriental Melon Cultivar‘Nongda 8’Bred from Gynoecious
WANG Wei, CHEN Zhi-Gang, QIAO Hong-Yu, SONG Ting-Yu, DONG Xiao-Tao, WANG Min, YU Zhan-Dong
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2547-2548.
Abstract ( 588 ) HTML ( 583 ) PDF (148KB) ( 583 ) 　　　
‘Nongda 8’is a new F1 oriental melon cultivar，with early maturity，high yield and strong
resistance. Plants have strong growth potential. The fruit is high spherical. Its smooth skin is yellow and
white. The average fruit weight is about 500–750 g. The variety belongs to crisp-flesh type. The soluble
solids content of fruit is about 15%. It takes about 75–80 d from sowing to harvest. The average yield is
35 000 kg · hm^-2.
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A New Acer rubrum Cultivar‘Jinmaihong’
REN Jie, DING Zeng-Cheng, TANG Fei, JIN Xiao-Long, LIU Zuo-Jun, SHI Dan, GUO Rui
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2549-2550.
Abstract ( 678 ) HTML ( 587 ) PDF (174KB) ( 587 ) 　　　
‘Jinmaihong’is a new colored-leaf cultivar which is selected from the progeny of Acer
rubrum L. The leaf with five lobes turn light red while the leaf veins turn golden brown from the middle of
October. The best ornamental time of the leaves is the early November，last for 30–35 days. Seven-year
old‘Jinmaihong’has no flowers and fruits. The tree grows well and has a wide adaptability.
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Iris Cultivars‘Azure Pinwheel’and‘Chic Leopard’
BI Xiao-Ying, XU Wen-Ji, LI Hui, ZHENG Yang
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2551-2552.
Abstract ( 667 ) HTML ( 610 ) PDF (155KB) ( 610 ) 　　　
‘Azure Pinwheel’was derived from the seedling progeny of natural seed settings of F₁hybrids from crossing Iris dichotoma with blue-violet flowers as female parents and Belamcanda chinensis
as male parents. It has violet-blue flowers，blooms from 10：30 to 18：30，and florescence is in August.
‘Chic Leopard’is a new iris hybrid cultivar which was directly selected from F1 hybrids by using Iris
dichotoma with yellow flowers and Belamcanda chinensis as maternal and paternal parents. The flower
color is reddish-brown，the time of flowering is from 8：00 to 18：30 and florescence is July to August. The
two cultivars showed excellent resistances to cold，drought and barren，and can be unprotected for
overwintering outdoor in northern China.
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A New Iris Cultivar‘Zijin’
LI Yan, CHEN Zhong, ZHOU Yi-Liang, DONG Yan-Long, YANG Long, HUANG Ying, SHEN Dong-Sheng, WANG Hong-Cheng, MA Jing, SUN Wei
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2553-2554.
Abstract ( 655 ) HTML ( 640 ) PDF (195KB) ( 640 ) 　　　
‘Zijin’is a new Iris cultivar. The height of biennial plants is 40–60 cm. It has slender
leaves with length of 40–60 cm and width of 3–6 mm. The length of scapes is 30–50 cm，with 1–3
flower bud numbers. Its flower diameter is 5–7 cm with pale purple petals，flowering period from May to
June. The cultivar has strong resistance and high ornamental value. It is with low seed-setting.
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A New Potted Oncidium Cultivar‘Fragrant Jade’
WANG Yan-Jun, WANG Ya-Ping, ZHANG Le-Ping, LAI Yong-Chao
Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2013, 40(12): 2555-2556.
Abstract ( 704 ) HTML ( 661 ) PDF (421KB) ( 661 ) 　　　
‘Fragrant Jade’is a new Oncidium cultivar screening form the F₁ hybrid which was
developed by rossing of Oncidium Twinkle‘CT-Sirayuki’（female parent）and Onc. ornithorhyncum（male
parent）. The new cultivar is miniature in height with strong growth vigor. The blossom performance shows
well and the pale pink flower has fragrance with long flowring period. Large number of flowers make it
beautiful and with high ornamental value. It is easy to cultivate and has high resistance.
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