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2017, Vol.44, No.3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
  • Concentration and Antioxidant Capacity of Polyphenol from Plum Cultivars
  • ZHOU Danrong,FANG Zhizhen,YE Xinfu*,PAN Shaolin,and JIANG Cuicui
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 422-430. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0548
  • Abstract ( 355 ) HTML ( 1081 ) PDF (662KB) ( 1081 )    
  • Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of fruit extracts from 14 plum cultivars,including peel and flesh,were assayed. Polyphenol contents in peel of plums ranged from 1.40 to 3.37 mg · g-1 FW,which was expressed as gallic acid equivalents,for fresh weight;polyphenol contents in flesh ranged from 0.50 to 0.97 mg · g-1 FW. The polyphenol contents,both in peel and flesh,were significant different among cultivars(P < 0.01). However,the contents were great higher in peel than that in flesh. The contents of polyphenol in peel were high in Huanghouli and Zhuganli,and followed by Heibaoshili and Hongmeiguili;and the content in flesh was the highest in Qiujili,and followed by Weikexunli. The scavenging activities of superoxide anion radical(   ),hydroxyl radical(OH·),DPPH,FRAP and TBARS were employed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of plums. The first three main antioxidant cultivars of peel were Huanghouli,Heibaoshili and Zhuganli. And that of flesh was Hongmeilili,Hongmeiguili and Qiujili. It showed that there were remarkable correlation between polyphenol concentrations and antioxidant capacity. According to the relations and comprehensive evaluation,DPPH and FRAP were considered to be the excellent method which used to evaluate antioxidant capacity of plum. There,polyphenol from plums may provide practical antioxidant,which can reduce the harm of free radicals and help people to keep fit.

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  • Evaluation of Citrus Rootstocks for the Tolerance to Acidity/alkaline Stresses
  • LI Qingping1,CHEN Jiao1,ZHU Shiping2,*,YANG Yifei1,LU Zhiming1,and ZHAO Xiaochun2
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 431-440. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0767
  • Abstract ( 431 ) HTML ( 1145 ) PDF (1144KB) ( 1145 )    
  • The acidity or alkaline soil in many areas of south China is the main abiotic stress for citrus plants. Selection of rootstocks tolerant to high or low pH condition is very important for citrus production. In this study,8 different citrus rootstocks including Shiikuwasha(Citrus depressa Hayata Blanco),Zhuju(C. reticulata Blanco),Shantou Suanju(C. reticulata Blanco),‘Goutou’sour orange(C. aurantium L.),Carrizo Citrange(C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata),Ni 8047(C. junos),Daoxian Yeju(C. daoxinensis Blanco)and Niedu Yeju(C. reticulate Blanco)were used as materials to evaluate the acidity and alkaline tolerances and screen for the superior rootstocks with better tolerance. Under acidic and alkaline treatments(pH 3.5 and pH 9.0),the symptoms of plant were observed. Meanwhile,the physiological and biochemical parameters related to the abiotic stresses tolerance such as MDA(malondialdehyde),soluble protein,Pro(proline),SOD(superoxide dismutase),POD(peroxidase)and CAT(catalase)were measured. The clustering and comprehensive subordinate function analysis were performed to evaluate the stresses tolerance. The results indicated that observed symptoms were consistent with the measurements of parameters. The Shantou Suanju,Shiikuwasha and Ni 8047 showed great tolerance to low pH stress(pH 3.5),while Daoxian Yeju and Niedu Yeju were susceptible. Zhuju,‘Goutou’sour orange and Shiikuwasha possessed good adaptability to alkaline condition,while Daoxian Yeju and Niedu Yeju were sensitive. Shiikuwasha demonstrated better tolerance to both high and low pH stresses with great potential to be used as rootstock or breeding material.

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  • Cloning and Expression Analysis of Four Citrus WRKY Genes Responding to Xanthomon as pv. citriaxonopodis
  • ZHOU Pengfei,JIA Ruirui,CHEN Shanchun,XU Lanzhen,PENG Aihong,LEI Tiangang,LI Qiang,CHEN Min,BAI Xiaojing,ZOU Xiuping*,and HE Yongrui*
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 452-462. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0577
  • Abstract ( 348 ) HTML ( 1395 ) PDF (5423KB) ( 1395 )    
  • Based on the information of transcriptome database derived from Xanthomon asaxonopodis pv. citriXac)infected citrus,the cDNA sequences of WRKY22WRKY50WRKY72-1 and WRKY72-2 were cloned from NewhallCitrus sinensis Osbeck)and Calamondin. Sequence analysis showed that the full length of cDNAs were 1 123,1 312,1 809 and 2 208 bp,with 921,480,1 809 and 1 767 bp open reading frames(ORF),respectively. Those cDNAs encode 306,159,602 and 588 amino acids,respectively. Analysis of amino acid sequences and protein structures indicated that the 4 CsWRKYs belonged to the group Ⅱ WRKY proteins. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the 4 CsWRKY genes had a close relationship with TcWRKY and VvWRKY family from Theobroma cacao and Vitis vinifera,respectively. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the 4 CsWRKY proteins were located in the nucleus. The expression of these genes in Newhall navel orange and Calamondin after Xac inoculation revealedthat WRKY22 was involved in the susceptible response of the host,while WRKY50 was involved in the immune response of Xac resistance. Xac inhibited the WRKY72-1- and WRKY72-2- mediated host basal immunity. Results of SA and MeJA treatments indicated that none of the 4 WRKY genes was involved in the disease and stress resistance of host mediated by SA and MeJA.

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  • Selection and Stability Analysis of Reference Gene for qRT-PCRin Eggplant Under High Temperature Stress
  • PANG Qiangqiang1,2,3,LI Zhiliang1,LUO Shaobo1,CHEN Riyuan2,JIN Qingmin1,LI Zhenxing1,LI Deming3,SUN Baojuan1,*,and SUN Guangwen2,*
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 475-486. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0831
  • Abstract ( 289 ) HTML ( 1090 ) PDF (1436KB) ( 1090 )    
  • The present study aimed at selecting the stable reference genes to ensure the reliability and accuracy in gene expression analysis of eggplant(Solanum melongena L.) under high temperature stress. By real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR technology,we investigated the expression stability of eight candidate reference genes(SmEF1aSmEF2Sm40sRPS29Sm60sRPL24SmTRXSmCKⅠSmDAHPSⅠSmUCP)from RNA-Seq database under high temperature stress and SmActin,and the stability of expression of nine reference genes were evaluated by GeNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper and ReFinder,respectively. The results showed that,at different periods,different tissues and different lines of eggplant under high temperature,the expression abundance and stability of these nine reference genes are different. When analyzing the gene expression of thermo-sensitive line 05-1 and thermo-resistant line 05-4 under high temperature stress,SmEF1a and SmUCP were the best reference genes for different periods ,and SmEF1a and SmTRX could be used as best reference genes for different tissues. Meanwhile,SmTRX and SmEF2 could be used as best reference genes in lines or varieties with different thermo-tolerance. On the whole,SmEF1a and SmTRX exhibited the most stable expression among all of the tested samples,while SmActin and SmCKexhibited the least stable expression under most of the experimental conditions. It was found to be feasible and efficient to identify stably expressed genes from transcriptome database under high temperature stress as candidate reference genes,which will be helpful for the study of expression of genes response to high temperature and the mechanisms of thermo-tolerance in eggplant.

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  • Serological Detection and Molecular Identification of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Pepper in Chongqing
  • SUN Miao1,JING Chenchen1,CHU Chengru1,WU Gentu1,SUN Xianchao1,XIE Yan2,LIU Yong3,and QING Ling1,*
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 487-494. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0733
  • Abstract ( 393 ) HTML ( 1090 ) PDF (1370KB) ( 1090 )    
  • To identify the occurrence and variation of the coat protein gene(cp)of Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV)in pepper in Chongqing,a total of 298 diseased pepper samples were collected and subjected to the detection of Dot-ELISA with specific antiserum of TSWV and RT-PCR with specific primers. Results of Dot-ELISA detection revealed that 40 samples were positive with a detection ratio of 13.42%. Typical enveloped spherical particles were observed in the TSWV-positive samples through electron microscopy. Six positive samples were randomly selected and amplified by RT-PCR with primers specific for the cp gene of TSWV,and results revealed that an approximate 750 bp fragment was obtained in each sample. Sequencing showed that cp gene of the isolate TSWV-CQ(KX611497)shared 96.1% to 99.4% identities with those of the other 22 previously reported TSWV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate TSWV-CQ was most closely related to TSWV isolates of China and suggested that geographical selection force played a role in virus evolution.

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  • Screening and Molecular Verification of Uracil Auxotrophic Mutants of Flammulina velutipes
  • LU Xuzhi1,2,WAN Jianing1,MAO Wenjun1,YANG Ruiheng1,WANG Ruijuan1,and BAO Dapeng1,*
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 495-503. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0974
  • Abstract ( 380 ) HTML ( 803 ) PDF (1236KB) ( 803 )    
  • Flammulina velutipes is one of the most popular edible mushroom species in the world. In this study,3 uracilauxotrophic mutants‘NG1-65,‘NG1-92and‘NG1-95were obtained from the monocaryon 5-fluoroorotic acid(5-FOA)-sensitive F. velutipes strain‘DG1-1by UV irradiation. UV mutagenesis was conducted under the conditions as following:an irradiation intensity of 10 W,irradiation distance of 15 cm and irradiation time of 12 s. The mutants could grow well in MM media containing 0.05 mmol · L-1 uridine and 0.5 g · L-1 5-FOA,but could not grow on MM medium without uridine. PCR analyses revealed that two critical genes pyrF and pyrG in the uridine biosynthetic pathway were disrupted in mutants,probably resulting in the inactivation of related proteins. The survey of the mutation sites suggested that a‘T’inserted the site between the 39th and 40th base of pyrF in strain‘NG1-65and the 104th base‘C’was changed into‘T’of pyrF in strain‘NG1-95. The mutant T→C at the site of 236th base was critical to inactive of pyrG in strain‘NG1-92. The uracil auxotrophs of F. velutipes could be used as a tool for genetic transformation study and strain source identification.

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  • Comparative Analysis of Codon Usage Patterns in APETALA1 Gene Across Several Plant Species
  • WU Yanqing1,2,LI Zhiyuan1,2,ZHAO Daqiu2,and TAO Jun2,*
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 504-514. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0593
  • Abstract ( 311 ) HTML ( 689 ) PDF (1253KB) ( 689 )    
  • To reveal the molecular mechanism of APETALA1AP1)gene and the evolution among different plants,we selected the complete nucleotide coding sequences of AP1 gene from 8 different plant species for CUB analysis. Using R software,we performed a comparative analysis of codon bias and compositional dynamics of codon usage patterns in AP1 gene across eight different plant species by determining the GC contents,several genetic indices namely effective number of codons(ENC),relative synonymous codon usage(RSCU),and relative codon usage bias(RCBS)etc. Results showed codon usage in AP1 gene in plants were influenced by GC bias,mainly due to GC3s. The majority of optimal codons were A/U ending for the corresponding amino acid,of which ACA,AUA and CAG were over-represented codons in the AP1 gene of all the selected plant species. The codon usage pattern for AP1 in Paeonia lactiflora showed resemblance to that of Paeonia suffruticosa;similarly,and Prunus persica to Malus × domestica. Low Fop(Frequency of optimal codon)and high ENC values suggested a weaker codon bias observed for the AP1 gene in different plant species.

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  • Cloning and Expression Analysis of the Aquaporin Genes in Carnation
  • KONG Weilong,HU Rui,BAO Manzhu,and FU Xiaopeng*
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 515-527. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0688
  • Abstract ( 206 ) HTML ( 1572 ) PDF (1787KB) ( 1572 )    
  • Ten aquaporin genes were cloned from Dianthus caryophyllus‘Master’based on the analysis from D. caryophyllus and D. chinensis transcriptome,7 genes belonged to PIP subfamily and another 3 belonged to TIP subfamily;DcaAQP1DcaAQP2DcaAQP3DcaAQP4DcaAQP6DcaAQP8 and DcaAQP10 had advantage expression in sepals,and DcaAQP5 had predominant expression in stem and petals;DcaAQP7 had advantage expression in leaves;while the DcaAQP9 expressed low in all tissues;During the flowers opening and wilting process,the expression levels of DcaAQP1DcaAQP3 and DcaAQP6 increased from flower bud stage and to the highest at half bloom stage;DcaAQP4DcaAQP7DcaAQP9 and DcaAQP10 expressions were the highest at full bloom stage. DcaAQP2 had the highest expression at flower bud stage;DcaAQP5 reached the highest level at the beginning of wilting stage. Indicating multiple AQP genes acted synergistically to maintain the water uptake and nutrients transport during the flowers opening and wilting process.

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  • Flower Color and Pigment Composition in the Petals of Bud Mutation and its Stock Plant of Osmanthus fragrans‘Jingui’
  • WANG Yiguang1,LUO Yibo1,ZHANG Chao1,FU Jianxin1,HU Shaoqing2,and ZHAO Hongbo1,*
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 528-536. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0618
  • Abstract ( 249 ) HTML ( 979 ) PDF (1372KB) ( 979 )    
  • The flowers from stock plant and bud mutational branches of Osmanthus fragrans‘Jingui’were used for this research. First,the Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart(R.H.S.C.C.)and colorimeter was used for the measurement of the phynotype parameters. The pigment types were preliminary identified with the method of color reaction and UV–Vis analysis. The HPLC–DAD was used to measure the contents of carotenoids and total flavonoids. The dominate carotenoid components were further identified by the HPLC–APCI–MS and standards. The results showed that the flower color of the mutational branches became into reddish orange(inside:R.H.S.C.C. 23B;outside:R.H.S.C.C. N25A),which was different from the yellow color(R.H.S.C.C. 12B–13A)of the flowers from stock plant. Furthermore,it was comfirmed that both of these two kind petals contained flavonoids,but without anthocyanins,and different content of carotenoids. Finally,α-carotene and β-carotene were detected as the main carotenoid components in the petals of the two kind flowers. The content of α-carotene,β-carotene and total carotenoids in the petals of the mutational branches were significant higher than those in the petals of stock plant,whereas there was no significant difference between the total flavonoid content of two samples. Therefore,carotenoids were considered as the dominate pigments which led to the change of flower color of mutant.

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  • Cloning and Expression Analysis of FaCOP1 Gene from Fragaria × ananassa‘Toyonaka’
  • ZHANG Yunting1,JIANG Leiyu1,YE Yuntian1,FENG Chen1,SUN Bo1,WANG Xiaorong1,2,and TANG Haoru1,*
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 547-556. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0628
  • Abstract ( 289 ) HTML ( 962 ) PDF (3721KB) ( 962 )    
  • To explore the function and expression specificity of photomorphogenic negative regulator FaCOP1 in strawberryFragaria × ananassa‘Toyonaka’),the open reading frame(ORF)of FaCOP1 was cloned though homology cloning method and analyzed by bioinformatics. qRT-PCR was used to investigate expression pattern of FaCOP1. Results showed that the ORF of FaCOP1 was 1 989 bp,encoding a putative protein of 662 amino acids with a molecular mass of 74.7187 kD and a pI of 6.54 and GenBank accession number was KX583676. The FaCOP1 protein contained 3 conserved domains including RING,COIL and WD40. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that FaCOP1 is highly conserved in evolution process and different in species. The results of qRT-PCR showed that,FaCOP1 was detected in all analyzed tissues,the highest relative expression level in flowers,followed by leaves and roots and the lowest relative expression in stem and ripe fruit. During fruit development,FaCOP1 was decreasing almost regularly from small green to full red,as opposed to the pattern of anthocyanin accumulation. FaCOP1 could be induced by white,red,blue and mixed light(redblue = 11)in leaves and fruit. COP1 played an important role in signal transduction and metabolic pathways while relying on the photomorphogenic positive regulator HY5,but itdid not repress the expression of FaHY5 at the transcriptional level in our study,so their relationship need further verified at the protein level.

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  • Detecting SP11 Genes DNA Methylation Rate of Brassica rapa by PCR-ELISA
  • ZHANG Zhiping,ZHANG Panpan,and WANG Chunlei*
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 575-580. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0886
  • Abstract ( 254 ) HTML ( 731 ) PDF (763KB) ( 731 )    
  • DNA methylation is an important way to regulate gene expression,which is a main content of epigenetic research field. The way to determinating DNA methylation rate of a gene is mainly by bisulfite conversion,then amplifying the converted DNA sequence by PCR,and cloning and sequencing the PCR production to measure the rate of cytosine converted into the thymine in the sequence. Based on this method,we developed anenzyme linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)instead of cloning and sequencing to measure the rate of cytosine converted into the thymine in DNA sequence. We used this improved method to detecting the methylation rate of promotor region sequence of recessive SP11 in the heterozygote plants containing one dominate SP11 and one recessive SP11 of Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapiferu Metzg. Compared with the original method,the method reported here is more economical and time saving.

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  • A New Extremely Late Ripening Nectarine Cultivar‘Fuxiu’
  • LIU Meiying,ZHANG Fuxing*,LI Yanju,SUN Qingtian,ZHANG Xu,WANG Yuxia,TIAN Changping,and LI Fangdong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 601-602. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0617
  • Abstract ( 468 ) HTML ( 747 ) PDF (1176KB) ( 747 )    
  • ‘Fuxiu’is a new extremely late-ripening nectarine cultivar derived from the cross ‘Ruiguang 19×(‘Beijing Wanmi’+‘Guanhua Xuetao’et al.). The fruit is round in shape with average fruit weight about 189.7 g and the biggest one weighs 293.9 g. The fruit skin color is covered by dark red on green-white background. The flesh is white,crisp,hard melting and taste sweet .The soluble solids content is 18.9%–25.1% and titratable acid is 0.1%. The flesh firmness without skin is 12.5 kg · cm-2. The edible rate is 96.2%. In Yantai,the fruit mature is in late September to early October and the fruit development period is about 160 days. The cultivar is very early fruiting and high yields. The yield of 4-year-old trees is about 38.1 t · hm-2.

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  • ‘Jinong 5’—A New Cherry Tomato Cultivar for Protected Cultivation
  • CAO Xia1,WU Chuncheng1,SUN Zhongfeng1,YE Jingxue2,WANG Shuai1,and MAO Xiujie1,*
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 603-604. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0568
  • Abstract ( 291 ) HTML ( 488 ) PDF (1223KB) ( 488 )    
  • Jinong 5is a new cherry tomato hybrid for protected cultivation. It is indeterminate growth type,the first inflorescence born in 7–8 node,inflorescence interval of 2–3 leaves,and 15–20 grains for each ear. The average weight of single fruit is 13–17 g. The fruit is red and of oval shape. Fruit shape index is 1.41,and the setting rate is 95%. The fruit contains 0.1267 mg · g-1 vitamin C,7.85% Soluble solid,and 0.55% organic acid. This variety is early maturity,high-resistant to TYLCV,TMV and bacterial wilt and mid-resistant to gray mold and leaf mold. It is suitable for protected cultivation.

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  • A New Gerbera jamesonii Cultivar‘Hongpao’
  • SHAN Qinli1,CAO Hua1,ZHAO Peifei2,RUAN Jiwei1,WU Lifang2,WANG Guoxian1,YANG Chunmei2,*,and LI Shenchong1,*
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2017, 44(3): 607-608. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0780
  • Abstract ( 255 ) HTML ( 632 ) PDF (1202KB) ( 632 )    
  • ‘Hongpao’is derived from the cross of female‘Luolina’and male‘Aiguozhe’. It belongs to a large cut flower cultivar with purple red petal,black centre and semi-double type. The diameter of inflorescence is about 11–13 cm,the peduncle length is 52–69 cm,peduncle is tough. The yield of cut flower is 22–26 branches per plant every year in greenhouse. The vase life can last 12–13 days. It is resistant to storage and transportation.

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